The Pition Of Labor Force From Scratch To Industrial Structure Is The Key.

After the Spring Festival, from the Pearl River Delta, the Yangtze River Delta to the inland cities, there are labor shortages in many parts of the country.

Enterprises that have long been accustomed to the "easy job" days can not help but exclaim "difficulty in recruiting workers".

Reporters learned from the survey that the current employment gap in Guangdong is about 900 thousand, and mainly concentrated in the labor-intensive industries. In Zhejiang Province, there was an average of 3.83 job seekers in every 3.83 jobs, the highest level since 2003.

Where is the difficulty of recruiting workers?

How to solve this problem?

With these questions, journalists went to Henan, Sichuan, Guangdong and Zhejiang to find the answers to the four provinces with the most labor export.

Wenzhou Long Wei new technology footwear company has more than 20 production lines. Although orders have surged recently, only part of the production line can be opened because of shortage of manpower.

"Abandoning the order and abandoning the customer will be a disadvantage for the next development of the enterprise."

Liu Qingwang, director of Human Resources Department of Jinma stationery company in Wenzhou, Zhejiang, told reporters: "because of lack of work, there is often a single dare not answer, or dare not pick up a large list.

Over time, it is bound to lose some customers. "

After the Spring Festival, many Zhejiang enterprises were baffled by "recruitment difficulties".

In the first week after the holiday, the Zhejiang Provincial Office of human resources and social security showed that there was a wide gap between the number of employed posts and the number of registered job seekers, and the rate was 3.83.

With the increase in the number of migrant workers after the 15th day of the first month of the Chinese lunar calendar, there is a downward trend in the rate of seeking help, and the rate of asking for help has dropped to 2.7 in the third weeks after the holiday.

Cao Jianguo, deputy director of the Zhejiang employment service administration, said that although the recruitment situation is better than that after the holiday, the rate of seeking help in Zhejiang was less than 2 at this time of the past year.

Shenzhen Bang Hua electronics company has recruited more than 20 recruits at a job fair. Miss Zhang, who is responsible for recruitment, told reporters that the company's order was in good condition, and there were no layoffs last year. I didn't expect it to be so difficult this year, especially for the general practitioners.

A preliminary survey conducted by the Guangdong Provincial Department of human resources and social security in the province shows that the current employment gap in the province is about 900 thousand, and is mainly concentrated in labor-intensive industries.

Mo Rong, deputy director of the Labor Science Research Institute of the Ministry of human resources and social security, told reporters that the recruitment difficulty is still a partial and structural shortage of employment.

"To solve the shortage of locality and structural labor, the most important thing is to pfer enterprises and industries to the central and western regions."

Zhou Tianyong, deputy director of the research center of the Central Party school, said: "the shift of labor force from the coastal areas to the central and western regions is an inevitable trend and will continue in the next few years.

At the same time, the wage level should be adjusted according to the market situation, so as to solve the problem of labor shortage caused by low wages of migrant workers.

Hu Xiaoyi, Vice Minister of the Ministry of human resources and social security, also pointed out that the phenomenon of "recruitment difficulty" is regional, industrial and phased, and it is a manifestation of China's economic stabilization.

Hu Xiaoyi said: "according to our survey, after the Spring Festival, the employment demand of enterprises is indeed 15% higher than that of last year. If compared with the same period of the previous year, the employment of enterprises increased by 5%, which is still within the normal growth range."

Reporters learned in the interview that the current shortage of labour in the Pearl River Delta has been alleviated. With the Lantern Festival, many migrant workers return to the Pearl River Delta to work.

For example, the rate of asking for people in Dongguan has changed from 3:1 to less than 2:1 after the Spring Festival.

With the gradual arrival of employees, the intensity of employment demand for enterprises is also weakening.

Shenzhen city's human resources and social security department conducted a sample survey on the two month's labor demand, work type, quantity, skill requirements and wages and salaries of 705 enterprises in the city, and found that 90% of the enterprises had recruitment requirements within two months after the holiday.

80% of the enterprises are in urgent need of employment within one month, and 45% of enterprises urgently need to add new employees in half a month.

From the perspective of the entire coastal area, "recruitment difficulty" has also been alleviated.

According to the data released by the Ministry of human resources and social security, as of March 10th, the number of workers in Guangdong dropped from 900 thousand at the end of February to 700 thousand, down by 18%. The shortage of workers in Fujian dropped from 29% in the end of February to 200 thousand in 29%, and the ratio between the number of Posts and the number of applicants in Zhejiang from February 23rd to March 10th dropped from 1.5: 1 to 1.2: 1.

"Going out for work is not to eat youth, I also have to develop."

Tan Yan, 27 years old, in Shiyan, Hubei Province, has worked in the south for many years. He chose to work in Henan this year.

He said that it is not difficult to find a job in the south, but he does not want to be an old worker. Now the central region is developing rapidly, and he wants to choose an enterprise where individuals and enterprises can grow together.

Nowadays, there are more and more people who have the same idea with Tan Yan after the 1980s.

Reporters learned that the current "post-80" migrant workers have become the main body of migrant workers, migrant workers have a clear willingness to choose jobs, and pay more attention to the remuneration, work environment, personal development space and other factors.

Shangqiu is a large traditional labor export market in Central Plains, and the number of migrant workers reaches 2 million 200 thousand annually.

Xia Xiaojun, director of Shangqiu vocational and technical center, said that the "post-80s" generation of migrant workers has accounted for more than 40% of the entire migrant workers.

One of their outstanding characteristics is emancipation of their minds. In the past, they earned money and then came back to work. Now they earn money to improve their lives and integrate into cities.

This generation of migrant workers needs to be more direct in the fight for more treatment and greater space for development.

Xia Xiaojun said that the new generation of migrant workers value the two most, the first is the real treatment, and the next is the future development opportunity.

Even if the wages are high, if the conditions of accommodation are not good and the management is not humanized, it will also affect their choices.

The change of the value orientation of the new generation of migrant workers has also begun to attract the attention of the employment enterprises.

Li Fuquan, the production manager of Quanzhou Baoxing bag and suitcase Co., Ltd., told reporters: "the value orientation of these new generation of migrant workers has changed. They no longer accept the high-strength, low welfare jobs of the previous generation.

This change also forces enterprises to improve their production technology, on the one hand, to reduce overtime time, and on the other hand increase their leisure time.

Zhou Tianyong and other experts pointed out that the current labor market situation shows that the new job seekers are mainly "80 generation" and "90 after", accounting for about 70%.

The new generation of laborers has improved their education level. Besides salary and salary, they pay more attention to the choice of career prospects.

Quite a number of new generation of laborers are unwilling to work in the front line of general workers, and the mobility of employment increases, causing employment strain in some areas.

The wage gap between the central and western regions and the coastal areas has been narrowed, and the implementation of the state's policy of supporting agriculture has made the increase of agricultural income, which is also an important reason for the difficulty of recruiting workers.

"To the south do earn more, but also too tired, saying that the wages are high, one day does not work enough for 12 hours, can not be taken at all, and then calculate the cost of living and travel expenses, so it is better to find a similar job nearby."

Zhang Li, a migrant worker in Shangqiu, said.

At present, the average monthly income of migrant workers in Henan is 1500 yuan, while the average domestic laborers in the province is 1000 yuan, but higher income often means higher labor intensity and higher cost of living.

"The remuneration of Guangdong enterprises has no advantage compared with that of the mainland."

Li Xiaofang, deputy director of the Guangdong provincial Employment Service Bureau, who was led to Henan after the holidays, said.

With the increasing economic level of the inland provinces, the gap between the remuneration of the coastal areas and the mainland has been narrowing, and the willingness of migrant workers to go out to work has gradually weakened.

Li Xiaofang believes that a large gap in the shortage of workers is general practitioners, accounting for more than 80%, mainly in shoemaking, clothing, electrical processing and other labor-intensive industries, wages and benefits are relatively low, less attractive.

This temporary and structural "recruitment difficulty" does not mean that the era of cheap labor supply exceeds demand in China has ended, but a direct result of this change in the market is that coastal enterprises pay more attention to the wages and welfare requirements of workers.

Information from Guangdong shows that the wages of migrant workers in Guangdong have generally been raised after the Spring Festival.

Zhuo Yongliang, director of the Zhejiang Provincial Institute of development and reform, believes that the shortage of labor is not labor force, but local enterprises can not afford to pay higher wages, and can not meet the expectations of most migrant workers, including the new generation of migrant workers.

"Because of the shrinking external demand, the export oriented enterprises in Zhejiang can not digest the increased wage costs through the increase in prices, and wage increases are lower than those of the same type of enterprises in the central and western regions which are mainly for domestic consumers."

Zhuo Yongliang analysis.

Experts said that in recent years, the overall status of migrant workers has been rising, and the recessive "right to speak" on the employment issue has been improving. "Recruitment difficulties" in some areas and enterprises are, to a large extent, the embodiment of the "vote by feet" of migrant workers.

They suggested that we should seriously study the new demands of the new generation of migrant workers, change the traditional concept of enterprise employment, and improve the implementation of a series of policies and measures for migrant workers.

The central and local policies of benefiting farmers continue to show, and regional differences also reduce the number of migrant workers.

As the gap between wages and welfare benefits in the East and the Midwest has gradually narrowed down, plus a series of preferential policies for agriculture and employment, the cost of living or working locally has been lower.

Take Henan Province as an example, at present, the labor supply in Henan has undergone a significant pition from "unlimited supply" to "Limited surplus", and the total labor supply in the province is about to reach saturation. In some major export cities and large counties, labor supply has already come down.

"The total labor force in the city has reached the top, and there will be a downward trend in two or three years."

Li Boling, director of the Shangqiu Employment Promotion Office, said that as a large agricultural city with nearly 8 million 300 thousand people, Shangqiu now has about 2 million 500 thousand of the surplus labor force.

Since 2005, the population of rural labor pfer in the city has increased by 10% per year, to 2 million 220 thousand in 2009, but now it has reached the degree of saturation. With the slow growth of the labor population and the development of the local economy, and the increase of the entrepreneurs of returning home, the output of the labor force is going to decline.

In fact, in some traditional agricultural areas, there is also a shortage of labor in agriculture.

In the big tea producing area of Henan, Xinyang needs a large number of tea pickers during the tea production season, but recruitment is becoming more and more difficult. In some counties, insufficient labor has become the main factor restricting tea production.

At the same time, there has been a phenomenon of "one season" in some places.

Reporter survey found that, in order to cope with the current shortage of labor, the region took positive measures, each put forward a strange trick, and strive to solve the problem of labor shortage for enterprises.

In the Pearl River Delta, free recruitment has become a normal mechanism.

Foshan will hold more than 1000 job fairs this year; Shenzhen will hold 573 free recruitment fairs within two months after the Spring Festival; Guangzhou will launch a series of activities to "care for migrant workers, you and I participate", organize 1 000 enterprises to participate in and provide 300 thousand jobs; Dongguan will set up 640 free service points for migrant workers on the basis of continuing free special recruitment activities, and 10 days each month as "Employment Service Day".

Some local governments also organized enterprises to take the initiative to attack and actively "go out" and go to the big cities of labor export. Foshan organized two enterprises to organize recruitment fairs in Yunfu and Qingyuan, Yingde City in Guangdong province after the Spring Festival this year.

At the same time, the Pearl River Delta region actively collects employment information of enterprises, broadens the channels of information dissemination, and uses the network, government cooperation platform and association liaison channels to release the information of enterprise employment to the whole country.

Take Foshan as an example, before the Spring Festival, 100 thousand leaflets were printed, distributed to migrant workers returning to the countryside in the new year, to publicize the image and economic development situation of Foshan, to announce job demands and mobilize their relatives and friends to Foshan for employment.

The Labor Department of Shunde District in the city also sent back industry information to schools in a timely manner to guide school enrollment.

The Labor Department of Dongguan has set up an exchange platform for enterprises and schools. In particular, it strengthens ties with secondary vocational schools, and promotes graduates from all kinds of technical schools and vocational schools to pfer talents to Dongguan enterprises, so as to achieve "order form Recruitment" with technical schools.

In order to solve the urgent need of enterprises, Zhejiang has also actively adopted various methods of "coming in" and "going out" to strengthen cooperation with the provinces of labor export. Recently, four groups have been allocated to labor export major provinces to carry out inter provincial labor cooperation.

Liu Wangqing, director of the marketing office of the Shaoxing labor and Social Security Bureau, said that they will adjust their direction and continue to work in poorer areas. "The next step may be Qinghai, to recruit workers with a per capita income of only 1000 yuan."

Recruitment companies take pains to improve their employees' benefits.

Zhejiang Huaxing down products Co., Ltd. has to recruit 200 sewing workers. The employment contract has been written on a large scale: the provision of accommodation, accommodation, air conditioning, independent sanitation facilities, subsidies for the training of trainers, year-end awards, holidays and holidays, and housing patches for couples.

In the face of "recruitment difficulties" in coastal areas, Zhang Ning, head of the rural work leading group of the Sichuan provincial Party committee, said that Sichuan will not restrict labor force from Sichuan, and will increase more skilled migrant workers to coastal areas by improving the quality of training.

Zhang Ning said that Sichuan will continue to shift the surplus rural labor force to employment as an important channel for increasing farmers' income.

According to reports, about 12000000 of the 21 million people pferred to Sichuan last year were pferred to other provinces.

Zhang Ning said: "the development of labor economy should also change the way of development and improve the quality of training."

Sichuan will improve the training mode of migrant workers, increase classification training, order training, brand training and certificate training, and strengthen communication and docking with labor provinces, and pfer more trained skilled migrant workers to coastal areas.

Wang Ouxiang, deputy party secretary of the Wenzhou vocational guidance and guidance service center, believes that the government and enterprises of the migrant workers' inflow must do three things to ensure the stability of employment: first, strengthen training, such as training can be done in the off-season, increase employees' self recognition and loyalty; two, not only pay attention to wages, but also pay attention to the cultural life of employees; three, help migrant workers to solve family problems, such as the tuition fees and textbooks fees of many local pupils in Zhejiang are free, but migrant workers can not enjoy such a policy.

In the Pearl River Delta, insiders predict that the shortage of workers will become normal in the next 5 to 10 years, and it is difficult to solve them in the short term.

The current employment situation can still meet the requirements of last year's production, but if there are new orders this year, the shortage of labor will cause greater constraints on production and economic growth.

The fundamental way out to solve the shortage of labor lies in readjustment of industrial structure and promotion of industrial upgrading.

At present, the shortage of labor also has a certain impact on the life of urban residents.

For example, the service and heavy manual jobs such as air supply and water supply are difficult to recruit. Because of insufficient manpower, the service efficiency is low, the service quality is reduced, and the service charge is increased.

Many residents worry that, because they can not get workers, the boss will have to raise their salaries. The cost of the final raise will be paid by the consumers, and the cost of living will rise.

In addition, "recruitment difficulty" also reveals the deep-seated problems of labor supply and demand in China.

A study on the situation of labor supply in China, chaired by Cai Fang, director of the Institute of population and labor economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, predicts that by 2011, the labor supply will no longer increase in China, and the total labour force will begin to decrease in 2021.

Cai Fang believes that China's newly increased labor force and new demand have basically reached a balance. Although there is no absolute shortage of labor in China recently, the structural shortage has emerged and there will be a supply gap every year.

This means that the competitive advantage of cheap labor will continue to weaken.

Henan province human resources and Social Security Department of migrant workers work department long Lv Zhihua believes that the overall employment problem has always been enormous pressure, but structural recruitment difficulties frequently appear also reflects many deep-seated problems.

If the industrial structure changes little, the industrial layout is still not reasonable; the policy of social security, medical treatment and children's schooling for migrant workers is not enough in some localities. Many local policies are mainly concerned with the household registration population. After the international financial crisis, many enterprises have thrown out migrant workers, which is also a blow to their employment confidence.

Lv Zhihua suggested that we should speed up the adjustment of industrial structure and rational distribution of industries, genuinely improve the implementation of a series of policies for migrant workers, strengthen urban and rural co-ordination and urban and rural social security system, relieve migrant workers' worries at the same time, and strengthen skills training for migrant workers and improve their overall quality.