&Nbsp At The End Of The Year; Distinguish Between Normal And Special Sales Behavior.

At the end of the year, enterprises should pay attention to the following two aspects of income.

Normal sales behavior

Such sales behavior should generally comply with the matching principle in accounting. The enterprises adopting the new accounting standards should pay attention to the conditions of income recognition. The economic business included in the subject of "main business income" or "other business income" should belong to the daily activities of enterprises, rather than the inflow of economic interests formed by daily activities, which should belong to the subject of "extra income" or "capital accumulation".

But we should pay attention to the difference between the concept of income defined by accounting and tax law. The income content contained in the tax law is broader than the accounting regulations. Therefore, enterprises should pay attention at the end of the year checkout: for the sale of goods issued by installment receipts, the accounting standards should be determined as fair value according to the current value of the receivable contract or agreement price. The difference between fair value and receivable amount is included in the "unrealized financing income" and is amortized according to the real interest rate method to reduce the "financial cost". The tax law stipulates that the sales party should determine the amount of tax on the basis of the time specified in the contract. Of course, if the invoice is issued at a time, the total amount of output tax shall be determined in full. The new accounting standard shall include the difference between the receivable amount and the fair value into the "unrecognized financing income", and amortize the actual interest rate method to reduce the financial cost. Such treatment tax law is not recognized, so the unrecognized financing proceeds from subsequent periods should be reduced. In addition, there are also payments made by enterprises on behalf of the third party. Accounting should be treated as liabilities and should not be recognized as income. In the tax law, the proceeds collected from the third party should be taken as extra income and sold together as sales tax. In addition, because the tax law and accounting are based on different angles, the extra charges do not introduce each item in the accounting, so in practice, they are included in the relevant subjects according to their nature. However, the tax law says that regardless of the subjects, it is necessary to calculate the output tax.

Special sales behavior

1. consider sales. When enterprises use their products to be used in construction projects, management departments, non productive organizations, donations, sponsorships, fund-raising, advertising, samples, welfare awards for employees, etc., they should be treated as external sales. The sales price of its products should be referred to the market sales price of the same kind of products in the same period. Without reference to the price, the tax price should be formed according to the method of cost plus reasonable profit. There is a clear difference between the old and new standards for the sale of inventories. According to the provisions of the accounting standards for Enterprises No. fourteenth - income, the sales of goods should be recognized according to fair value, and the cost of carrying goods sold should be carried at book value instead of the old ones. Therefore, under the new guidelines, there is no difference between the sale and sale of inventory and tax treatment.

The two companies, A and B, conduct non monetary exchanges. A company in order to produce a finished product (book value of 10 thousand yuan, excluding tax fair value of 13 thousand yuan) in exchange for B company B (book value 10 thousand yuan, excluding tax fair value 12 thousand yuan) raw material as production material, B company pay 1 thousand yuan. If the value-added tax rate is 17%, regardless of other taxes and charges, the finished product will be prepared to reduce its value by 800 yuan.

Accounting treatment of A company: carry over income:

Borrow: raw material 12400.77

Tax payable - value added tax (input tax) 2040 (12000 x 17%).

Bank deposits 1000

Loan: main business income 13000

Tax payable - value added tax (output tax) 2210 (13000 x 17%).

Non operating income - non monetary exchange gains and losses 230.77.

A company should confirm the transaction income = supplement price (the fair value of the premium / swap assets) * book value of the replacement assets - (the fair value of the premium / swap assets) * the relevant taxes and charges payable =1000-1000/13000 * 10000-1000/13000 * 0=230.77 (yuan).

Note: "accounting standards for Enterprises No. seventh - non monetary assets exchange" stipulates that VAT will no longer be considered when confirming the exchange proceeds of non monetary assets.

Carry over cost:

Borrow: main business cost 9200

Inventory depreciation reserve 800

Loan: inventory merchandise 10000.

The declaration forms are as follows: the first line sales (business) income is 13000 yuan, the fifth row's other income is 230.77 yuan, the seventh line sales (business) cost 9200 yuan, Fifteenth lines tax reduction amount 800 yuan.

2. deposit for packing items. The deposit receipts collected by an enterprise shall be recognized as income, and the enterprise income tax shall be levied according to law. If the enterprise fails to reclaim the deposit for rent or loan, the accounting shall exceed the contractual time limit. The tax law shall be limited to more than 1 years, and the deposit shall be taxed for sale for more than 1 years, whether or not it is returned. If the turnover period of individual packages is relatively long, it can be appropriately relaxed after the tax authorities have determined it. The problem of how to collect value-added tax, consumption tax and income tax on the collection of deposits by taxpayers is clearly stipulated in the current tax law, and the accounting treatment should also be dealt with according to the differences between the tax laws and regulations. For example, for a deposit which is no longer refunded due to overdue packing, the output tax should be calculated at the applicable tax rate for the packaged goods.

3. credit sale. When taxpayers sell goods on credit, the date of tax payment is the day when the date of collection is agreed. The taxpayer, when issuing the product, borrows "goods" from the actual cost of issuing the products, and "makes the finished products". On the date of the agreed receivables, the revenue and value added tax shall be recognized according to the receivables, and the receivable receipts and bank deposits shall be paid according to the receivable receipts and bank deposits. In accordance with the added value tax payable according to the provisions, the loan shall be levied on the tax payable - the value added tax payable (output tax) should be paid, and at the same time, the cost of the business shall be transferred and the goods will be issued through the "main business cost". In order to expand sales, enterprises will inevitably adopt the form of credit sale. Sometimes, delivery and recognition revenue are intertemporal. This situation has brought new problems to many aspects, such as financial accounting, finished product management, operator's benefit assessment, tax treatment, and so on: (1) the problem of receipt confirmation. In accounting, the sales revenue is generally recognized according to the conditions recognized by the revenue, and the sales revenue is recognized according to the date of collection stipulated in the tax law. (2) inventory accounts and financial accounts. On account of credit sales, the revenue can not be recognized financially, but the year-end inventory accounts and financial accounts should be consistent. (3) conflict between financial accounting and tax law. The tax law basically depends on how much the tax is paid and how much tax is paid. Therefore, if the credit sale method is used, the invoice will be opened to the customer immediately when the product is out of the warehouse. At this time, it will no longer be based on the date of payment of the tax obligation as the date of collection of the contract, but will be paid by the amount of the invoice.

4. about sales of waste products. "Income"; second, according to the requirements of the State Administration of Taxation on the issue of value added tax ([1993]023), only when the abnormal loss is made, the input tax is transferred out. According to the twenty-first provision of the detailed rules for the implementation of the Provisional Regulations on value-added tax, the abnormal loss refers to the loss other than normal loss in the course of production and operation. The scope includes mainly the loss of natural disasters, the loss of goods due to poor management, the occurrence of mildew and deterioration, and other abnormal losses. Therefore, the sale of waste products does not need to make input tax transfer. Third, the reasons are identified. First, if the waste is non productive waste, it will be "extra business income". If it is the waste generated in production, it will be "other business". If the waste or non conforming product is generated during the production process, the cost of the scrap will be charged by the finished product cost after deducting the salvage value. If there is no "waste loss" item in the cost item, when the waste occurs, the waste residue can be turned out.

5. accounting treatment of leftovers. Enterprises often produce scraps in the process of product production. Some products produce larger amount of leftovers during the production process, and the amount that can be recovered at the time of sale is higher. The accounting treatment of such wastes should be done at the time of the recovery of the leftovers (or at the end of the term) according to the expected recoverable amount, and the cost of material in the production cost shall be reduced, and the income from other businesses and the amount of output tax shall be included in the sales.

When the waste is recovered or the final processing is to be returned,

Borrow: raw materials -- leftovers.

Loan: production cost - direct material.

When sold:

Borrow: cash in cash (accounts receivable, etc.)

Loan: other business income should be paid tax - value added tax (output tax) should be paid.

At the same time, carry forward:

Borrowing: other business costs

Loan: raw materials - leftovers.

Of course, if there are very few leftovers in the production process, the recoverable amount is not large. According to the importance principle of accounting, enterprises can also simplify the processing, do not handle the cost of refunding, but only confirm the revenue when they are sold.