Antistatic Methods And Types Of Antistatic Agents For Textiles

　　 Static electricity Generation

When two objects are in contact or friction, their surface will generate charge and charge transfer. The two bodies have positive and negative charges respectively. When the two objects are separated, the excess charges will disappear through contact leakage. If the object is a good conductor, the leakage rate will be very fast. If it is a poor conductor, it will cause the accumulation of charges and generate static electricity. The macromolecule of polyester fiber is an organic compound with a covalent chain as its main chain. It can not ionize or transfer electrons or ions. In addition, its molecular group has very small polarity and large hydrophobicity, and the charge is not easy to dissipate. Once the friction is generated, the resistance of the polyester fiber is good, and the resistance is very large. The electrostatic discharge is very slow, causing the charge accumulation. Polyester is the most easily generated electrostatic fiber, which brings great difficulties to textile.

Antistatic method

Antistatic methods from control charge The generation (electrification) and the leakage of electric charge are carried out in two aspects.

1. Control the electrification.

(1) reduce the chance of contact and friction. For example, adding wool and wool oil, spinning the filling agent to increase the lubricity of the fiber, or improve the smoothness of the processing equipment, reduce the friction coefficient, and at the same time can reduce the friction pressure and friction speed, in order to reduce the power.

(2) improve the relative humidity of the environment. for example Weaving The humidity is reduced and the static electricity is reduced.

(3) adding materials that can produce opposite charges to cancel the charges generated. For example, polyester and cotton blended, polyester and steel friction belt negative charge, cotton and steel friction with positive charge, polyester / cotton blend can make positive charge and negative charge neutralization.

2, electrostatic elimination

It is an effective antistatic method to quickly discharge the generated charge. Eliminating static electricity can be used as an electrical eliminator, or it can leak to the earth quickly. Spray outside the material at the same time. Impregnated antistatic agents are usually temporary and not durable. This is the method of antistatic finishing of oil and textile when spinning.

3. Classification of antistatic agents

Antistatic agents can be classified as temporary antistatic agents and durable antistatic agents. At present, textile mills are commonly used as temporary antistatic agents. Temporary antistatic agents can be broadly classified into 6 categories:

Hygroscopic agents and electrolytes: that is, they use their hygroscopicity to increase the surface moisture of the fibers, thereby increasing their conductivity and rapidly discharging the charge. Commonly used are glycerol and potassium acetate, inorganic salts, amines and so on.

Anionic surfactants: sodium alkyl (benzene) sulfonate, alkyl sulfate, alkyl sulfate, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate and alkyl phosphate, which have good antistatic effect at low concentration.

Cationic surfactant: cationic surfactant is a large variety of antistatic agents. It has excellent antistatic properties at low concentration. Because most of the polymer materials are negatively charged, the most effective antistatic agents are cationic and amphoteric surfactants.

Amphoteric surfactants: amphoteric surfactants are excellent antistatic agents. Other charge properties are hermaphroditic and hermaphroditic with different pH values.

Non ionic surfactants: non-ionic surfactants are polyols and polyoxyethylene two major categories. The antistatic properties of non-ionic surfactants are poorer than those of ionic surfactants.

Organosilicon: the silicone polymer chain has an elastic spiral structure. After heat treatment, methyl air is aligned to the air, and can be softer, lubricated and waterproof. If hydrophilic groups are introduced, it can be used for antistatic.

Special types of antistatic agents for textile sizing

According to the classification of the antistatic agents, antistatic agents suitable for spinning sizing must have the following properties:

1. The size of commonly used textile mills is generally weak anionic polymer series compounds. Therefore, the system should be anionic or non-ionic.

2, better solubility, because fiber sizing needs to be more complex, polyvinyl alcohol, modified starch, acrylic ester and other auxiliaries (defoamer, grease), which requires antistatic agent has good compatibility and stability.

3. The antistatic agent used for spinning sizing can not only give the yarn good antistatic effect, but also give good permeability and emulsification to the slurry, especially enhance the adhesive force of the warp yarn.

4, lower prices.