Procurement Of Goods Operated By Shops

As a shop keeper, we must realize that

1. Order process

Shop order refers to the activity of calling, ordering or adding goods according to the order plan, within the scope of supply and commodity determined by the stores at the headquarters of the chain store.

Chain stores usually do not undertake procurement operations, and orders are based on daily sales rules.

The quantity and batches of orders depend on sales volume on the one hand, and the technical level of information processing and logistics distribution on the other hand.

The development trend of foreign developed countries is to divide different commodities, deliver goods according to the frequency of sales and delivery in small quantities, deliver goods directly onto shelves, and store without inventory.

2, reasonable

(1) accurate inventory of stores.

A reasonable order comes first from the accurate inventory control.

In addition to the usual stock of goods in the warehouse, inventory also includes the amount of display on sale.

In shops without storehouses, the amount of display on shelves is stock.

No matter what the form of inventory performance is, if you want to order a higher scientific nature, you must accurately understand the actual state of inventory merchandise at any time, and have a clear idea of it.

This is the basic premise for a reasonable order.

(2) specific and meticulous management of commodities.

In the process of daily commodity sales and business operation, a concrete and detailed commodity management system should be formed.

All aspects of display, location, display, price, time of purchase, shelf life, temperature and humidity control should be carried out in a specific, accurate and meticulous manner.

With these accurate data, we can get the conclusions that need to be replaced, supplemented and processed in order to grasp the stock status and provide the basis for determining the order quantity.

(1) have a correct understanding of the sales dynamics of the stores, and have a correct grasp and analysis of the sales dynamics of the stores.

The daily sale of goods is undoubtedly the main basis for determining the order quantity reasonably.

What needs to be observed and analyzed? What products are in the salable period? How much can the daily sales reach? What commodity sales begin to decline? What is the extent and speed of the decline? What kind of products will expand the next stage? What is the growth rate and speed? How should the order be adjusted according to the change of sales? How big is the adjustment?

The above developments and data can be understood in the light of daily sales dynamic records, POS data analysis, Headquarters sales dynamic information bulletin, media publicity, customer opinions and reflection, etc., and can also be understood by means of investigation and analysis.

In addition, according to the change of product life cycle, we can understand the dynamics of merchandise sales to a certain extent.

Second, grasp the impact of season, holiday, promotional activities on commodity sales.

Seasonal changes, fixed festivals, commemorative days, and regional specific activities will affect the sales dynamics of certain kinds of commodities.

According to the actual situation of commodity sales during similar activities in the past, before the advent of seasonal change, the order quantity of certain kinds of commodities should be appropriately increased before festivals and commemorative days, so as to better meet the needs of sales.

Of course, changes in fashion and popularity will also affect the sales of commodities to a certain extent, and corresponding countermeasures should be taken.

Order basis

If the order is not clear, it will also block the ordering of stores.

Although the applicability of the benchmark is certainly different from that of the commodity category, most of the chain stores are required to set the order basis for the ordering standard.

During the period of storage from order to purchase, goods stored in excess of one order unit must be kept in the warehouse.

About inventory, including goods displayed in the store, the total inventory volume is based on the demand during the two rounds of storage.

The estimation of high turnover commodities is based on the "high turnover commodity list" issued by headquarters and the number of orders and quantities purchased in the past two months.

As for the goods lacking exact information, the forecast of the purchasing personnel at headquarters is the criterion.

About seasonal goods, the purchasing personnel set the order basis according to the seasonal index and the purchasing performance in the same month.

About general merchandise, if the store is 1.5 times the order unit, it will be the base of the number of orders. When the merchandise stock is reduced to 1/3 of the maximum amount of display, that is, 1/2 of the order unit, the order point will be reached.

As for stores that do not take 1.5 times the order as the benchmark, they are handled accordingly.

(3) five points for determining order quantity

(1) minimum inventory.

Refers to the necessary safety requirements, we should pay attention to avoid goods shortage or overstock, because the exact amount of goods varies.

Second, the order period.

It refers to the time between the order date and the next order day.

During storage period.

The time required from order delivery to stock purchase.

4. Estimate sales volume.

Existing stock.

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3, merchandise ordering skills

(1) grasp the latest and most accurate information.

Consciously record the customers' opinions on the commodities, then organize them to the relevant departments, set up the stock register, set up the customer's opinion book, and the store manager should diligently check the customer's opinion book, find and catch some tendentious problems and improve them, so as to continuously improve the management level, and determine the market's demand for quantity, quality, variety, price and other aspects through scientific market prediction methods, so as to procure marketable commodities and purchase marketable goods, so as to avoid overstock and cause losses.

(2) develop the judgement of purchasing personnel on the market.

If purchasers can find products with potential market or cheap goods earlier than competitors, and ensure that they are purchased, they will be a great contribution to the company's profits.

Generally, the grasp of market conditions can be divided into the perspective of seeing the potential of commodity market and the judgement of what commodity can be sold.

Excellent purchasing personnel must have these two abilities.

(3) Master field experience.

Purchasing personnel should also have some knowledge of business operations, so that they will not purchase some products that are too different from those of salesmen.

Therefore, procurement personnel should accumulate enough field experience as soon as possible in order to increase the probability of correct judgement.

(4) select several suppliers for comparison.

In order to obtain the most reasonable price and the best quality products, we can ask several suppliers to evaluate them first, so that we can compare them, and then pick out all the commodities that are suitable for us in all aspects.

(5) not to disclose the procurement budget.

We must make the supplier unable to touch our bottom line.

Because when our budget is known, the suppliers are bound to offer a similar amount of budget, which will become passive and can not get better conditions than our budget.

(6) do not fall into the trap

Some purchasers deal in any case, only to kill prices, without considering other trading conditions.

What really makes your opponents feel difficult is to know the market, the knowledge of the goods, the people who are good at the cost analysis, and the buyers should take this as the goal.

(7) achieve win-win with suppliers.

The belief that win-win with suppliers is very important.

If we do not mention the benefits of providing the other side, we will not be able to get feedback from each other.

Only by implementing the win-win belief will it be of great help to each other's development.

(8) flexible use of suppliers

In order to use suppliers, we must first understand suppliers and understand their characteristics before we can see in what way they can help us.

4. Stock purchase principles and procedures

In order to save time to buy goods or to get a lower discount, some people enter a large quantity of goods in a single way, or some people are afraid of large inventory and enter only a small quantity of goods each time, so they spend too much time and energy on the purchase and have no time to take care of other things.

The above two methods are extreme. The more goods we buy, the better, the less, the better.

(1) timely

Do you have time requirements at the right time? For example, can you meet the needs of your customers? Can you buy in advance of promotions? Can you avoid the busy business hours of a day or Saturday, Sunday and holidays?

(2) moderate amount

The right amount is to meet the demand of store goods.

The quantity of stock can neither be too much, causing the warehouse to be in disorder, or making the display of goods crowded and not too small.

(3) economic order quantity policy

There is a certain quantity relationship between the number of incoming goods, the quantity of goods purchased and the cost of goods when shops are organizing the purchase of merchandise.

As a purchase of goods, it will cost a procurement cost, including the purchase of travel expenses, fees and so on.

When the purchase is fixed in a certain time, the volume of each purchase is large and the number of purchases is less. On the contrary, the smaller the number of purchases, the greater the number of purchases, the greater the cost of procurement.

(therefore, the purchase volume is in inverse proportion to the purchase cost.

Because each purchase volume is large, the average stock is also large, so the cost is large, such as storage fees, interest on inventory occupation of funds, loss of goods and other expenses; on the contrary, small quantities of procurement, average inventory is small, storage costs are less.

Therefore, the purchase volume and storage costs are proportional.

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The economic order quantity strategy is to use the econometric method to find out the most reasonable and cost saving quantity and the number of purchase times in analyzing the internal links between the three parts of the incoming lot quantity, the purchase cost and the storage cost.

After confirming the order, the store should confirm the purchase order and delivery date according to the order form and the supplier, then clear the store and warehouse shelf before arrival, and prepare for the purchase. The specific process is as follows:

Confirm the purchase order and delivery date according to the order form and supplier contact.

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Clean up stores and stock shelves and prepare for incoming purchases.

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Pick up goods

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Entering the receiving process

When a certain commodity in the store has been sold to a certain extent, it is necessary to follow up the replenishment by the special person to ensure that goods will not be broken.

The replenishment process is as follows:

Confirm the replenishment list according to the sales situation.

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The replenishment sales order was confirmed after headquarters adjustment.

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Fax the replenishment slip to the supplier's Distribution Department.

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Pick up goods

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Entering the receiving process

Matters needing attention in normal Replenishment:

1. Sale of goods that have been spoiled, damaged, broken, contaminated, expired or barcode are strictly prohibited.

2. When replenishment is needed, the platoon must be arranged first to keep the display cabinet clean.

(3) replenishment should be done by means of tools, such as flatbed trucks, five stage cars, turnover boxes, etc., to reduce physical expenditure and improve work efficiency.

4. The goods stacked on pallets should be placed in the lower layer with large weight and large volume.

After finishing replenishment, clean up tools and cartons.

After completion of replenishment, check whether the price corresponds to the commodity.

When goods are replenished, they should be handled gently to avoid affecting the freshness of goods due to heavy falls.

When the supplier delivers the goods to the store according to the order issued by the shop, the person responsible for receiving the goods should check the goods according to the contents of the order, the delivery orders of the suppliers, check the quantity and price of the goods, and check the quality strictly.

After completion of the inspection, the responsible person should specify the actual number of goods received, the receiving clerk and the loan provider sign and endorse the order.

Then pass the relevant documents to the relevant department and store the goods.

The process of receiving goods is as follows:

According to the invoice of headquarters

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Inventory of goods

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Sign for

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Receipt to update inventory records

5, the management of commodity coding

Commodity code must be used for several yards, and there is no standard and restriction in principle. It depends entirely on the size and nature of the enterprise.

However, it is better to reserve space when numbering, so that the number can expand with the expansion of business.

Generally speaking, the number of supermarket goods is 7 or 8 yards, and less than 7 yards or more than 8 yards.

(1) coding principle of 7 yards

When using the 7 code classification, the first code is a large classification, the highest use of ten categories, second yards for the middle classification, up to 100 categories, that is, each big classification can be divided into ten categories, the three or four code is a small classification, and the small classification can have 1000 at most. Each sub class can be divided into 100 sub categories, fifth code, sixth code for item, and seventh code for inspection code.

(2) coding principle of 8 yards

When using the 8 code number, the first code is a large classification, and still maintains the highest ten categories, while the second, third code is the middle classification. Each category can have 1000 categories, fourth, fifth yards for the small classification, sixth, seventh yards for the item number, and eighth for the check number.

The above two kinds of numbering principles can be selected according to the needs of enterprises. If enterprises must use more than ten major classifications, they can also use the nine numbering method.

The management of commodity coding refers to how the members of the bar code system correctly encode specific commodity items on the basis of obtaining the manufacturer's identification code, as well as the original records and files of the coded products, and prevent the coding errors from occurring. The basic requirement is to ensure the uniqueness of the commodity code.

To abide by the principle of uniqueness, the key is to strictly distinguish different items of commodities, mainly from the aspects of commodity types, specifications, packaging, color and so on.

The members of the system shall designate special persons to be responsible for the unified management of the commodity code.

We should strengthen the training of barcode managers' professional knowledge, actively participate in the training courses organized by barcode management institutions, establish rules and regulations related to bar code work, improve the original records and working archives of commodity codes, so as to facilitate the checking of the uniqueness of coding, and do well in the pfer of relevant data when the bar code managers change, so as to maintain the continuity of work.

In the specific operation of coding management, it is generally appropriate to adopt the "big flow" encoding method, which can maximize the "uniqueness" principle and "no meaning" principle of coding, and reduce the chance of coding errors.

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6. Inventory management of goods

The inventory management of sales stores is divided into store inventory and warehouse inventory.

The main purpose of merchandise inventory management is to maximize sales with minimum inventory, keep proper inventory, distinguish between best-selling goods and non salable goods, and prevent theft and damage.

(1) determine the annual appropriate inventory using the target turnover rate.

The calculation method is:

Annual target sales / target turnover rate (appropriate target stock) (amount)

Annual target sales / average inventory cost (turnover rate of commodity turnover) (Times)

(3) annual target selling cost / average inventory cost (cost based commodity turnover) (Times)

Annual target sales / average selling stock (price turnover rate) (Times)

(2) the method of determining the stock target by keeping the number of days in the target stock.

The calculation method is:

1. Target daily average sales, target stock holding days = appropriate stock target (amount)

2. 365 days / commodity turnover = inventory retention days

(3) using appropriate inventory method to decide the appropriate monthly inventory.

The calculation method is:

Annual appropriate stock target + (monthly sales target - monthly average sales target) = appropriate inventory (amount) per month

The fundamental point of inventory management is to achieve the purpose of raising the turnover rate by minimizing the cost of inventory (or inventory).

Judging from the current development of business, large commercial enterprises attach great importance to logistics, and solve the problem of commodity inventory better. However, many small and medium businesses or shops are implementing traditional commodity inventory mode.

Therefore, it is necessary for retailers to implement supplier inventory management.

The implementation of vendor inventory management in retail industry is as follows:

First, establish customer intelligence information system.

In order to manage inventory effectively, by establishing the customer information base, the supplier can grasp the situation of demand change and integrate the demand forecast and analysis function of the retailer into the supplier's system.

Second, establish a sales network management system.

To manage inventory well, suppliers must establish a sound sales network management system to ensure that their product demand information and logistics are smooth, such as ensuring the readability and uniqueness of the bar code of their products, solving the standardization of product classification and coding, and solving the identification problem in the storage and pportation of goods.

At present, many enterprises begin to adopt MRPII or ERP enterprise resource planning systems, which integrate the functions of sales management.

Through the expansion of these functions, we can establish a sound sales network management system.

Third, establish a framework agreement between suppliers and retailers.

The supplier and the retailer negotiate together to determine the business process of order processing and control the relevant parameters of inventory (such as reorder point, minimum stock level, etc.), and the pmission mode of inventory information (such as EDI and Internet).

Setting up the standard stock plan.

When setting up the appropriate inventory plan for distributors, we should first grasp the number of different codes and different product categories distributed by dealers, and calculate the time needed to process products from ordering products to stocking. We also need to set appropriate inventory according to product categories and products of each type.

The most commonly used method is to measure the trend of recent actual needs based on sales analysis data, together with the dealer's policy, accumulative amount of predetermined sales contents, and then estimate the appropriate inventory quantity from expected sales.

It should be noted that the working capital is limited, the maximum sales should be achieved with the minimum capital, the amount of stock should be set up according to the condition of fund allocation, and the appropriate quantity of stock will be fixed with the view of limited funds.

Some of the products that are out of stock have no chance to sell goods; they have to give up products that are less frequently sold or convert them into manufacturers' responsibility for stock.

Keep good stocks in good market.

The system of replenishing stock orders from manufacturers to manufacturers can be divided into proper ordering and regular ordering.

A quantity order is the order date when the quantity of stock is below the order point, and the quantity is ordered according to the situation at that time. The regular order is supplemented by setting the two survey days per month.

In order to place orders, manufacturers must also implement order point inventory management because of almost daily ordering procedures.

On the other hand, if a monthly order is adopted, the manufacturer's production plan can be put into production on a specific date, and the goods can be delivered at once.

The combination of these two ordering methods, that is, regular and quantitative ordering, is more common.

The above is a brief description of all sales outlets.

In actual use, the way of purchase is not the same. Therefore, salesmen should always pay attention to how to make the inventory of users closely linked to the company's own stock.

In short, the inventory management of retail enterprises should be further improved.

Supplier inventory management mode is worthy of trial and reference.

Because with the regulation of market and management, the competition among enterprises nowadays is not only limited to the fierce and unprincipled low price competition, but also mainly by reducing the cost of products by scientific management, so that enterprises can enter a benign track, and the level of inventory management directly determines the price competitiveness of their products at the terminal, which is an important weight to win the competition.