Development History Of Zippers

    zipper Of Development Story

　　
With the development of human society, economy and science and technology, the zipper is made of the first metal. Material Science Non-metallic Material Science The single species single function has developed to the comprehensive function of multi varieties and multi specifications, from simple structure to today's exquisitely beautiful, colorful, after a long process of evolution. Its performance, structure and materials are changing with each passing day, and they are widely used in many fields, such as aerospace, aviation, military, medical, civil and so on. Small zippers play a more and more important role in people's lives, showing more and more importance and vitality. Zipper, as one of the ten most practical invention of mankind in this century, has been included in the annals of history.

　　
    zipper Generation

　　
    zipper In which country did people develop? zipper The crease of invention originally came from people. High boots 。 In the mid nineteenth Century, boots were very popular, especially for roads with muddy or horse excrement, but the drawback was that High boots There are more than 20 iron claw buttons, which are time-consuming. This shortcoming has caused inventors to lose their brains and spend a lot of money and patience from sponsors. In order to avoid the trouble of wearing boots, people even put up with boots and did not take off all day. Finally, in 1851, Elias Howe applied for a patent similar to the zipper design, but it was not commercialized or even forgotten for half a century. Alice Ho, It was not until 1890s that there was a turning point. A mechanical engineer from Chicago, Witten L Deason Whitcomb (Judson L), came up with the idea of using a sliding device (slider device) to chime and separate two rows of buttons (this principle is very similar to that of the zipper, no more than the zipper [zipper]] appears after 30 years. The invention of Zhu Disen was fortunate enough to get financial support from Pennsylvania lawyer Luis Walker (LewisWalker). Walker's new to Zhu Disen Design Highly interested.

　　
Judison presented his new invention in 1893 at the Columbia World Exposition in Chicago, and made it on shoes, directly on his feet (patent application date twenty-nine August 1893, patent number 504038). Walker appreciated the invention very much. The two partners co founded Universal Fastener Company (Universal Fastener Company) in 1894 and applied for a patent again in 1896. But the product is a bit cumbersome, not favored by manufacturers. Later, the product was used in the mail bag, but only 20 bags were available before the end of 1897. Walker applied the design to military shoes and won the title of "Colonel Walker".

　　
He continues to improve product design to suit the needs of tights. He has exhausted his efforts and constantly introduced new inventions. However, every progress has brought more new problems and costs a lot. Walker, a partner, once described the hardships of invention, saying that more problems were found in the process than problems solved.

　　
In 1901, he applied for a machine patent to connect a row of zipper toothed parts. But the machine is too complex and difficult to use, so the Universal Fastener Company has been depressed for quite a while. Later, the Fastener Manufacturing and Machine Company (Fastener Manufacturing and Machine Company) was set up to develop sewing machine for zipper, so as to avoid the inconvenience of manual sewing. In 1904, the company changed its name to Automatic Hook and Eye Company, and named the product as safety (C-curity), taking the advantage that the convex head zipper would not be released easily, but the zipper often broke open or jammed. Finally, the whole zipper was removed from the clothes.

　　
The shortcomings of Sembek's design were solved by Otto Frederick Gideon Sundback, who was born in 1880. He was interested in machinery and was educated in Germany. He returned to the United States after serving his degree in electrical engineering in 1903. At the beginning of the SIEMENS company in Pittsburgh, because the location of the automatic hook hook button company with the production safety zipper is quite close to Pennsylvania, the geopolitical relationship with the boss of SIEMENS and SIEMENS company is transferred to the Hoboken of the factory of the automatic hook type button factory.

　　
In 1908, he began to study the improvement of the zipper, and thought hard day and night. He tried to close the toothed part of the zipper to prevent riot, and renamed the safety zipper (Plako) zipper (the patent was only applied in 1913, and the patent number is 1060378. This design is regarded as an important milestone for the zipper to come out). However, the dream of the new product is still incomplete, and many consumers complain about it.

　　
During the first World War, the economy of the United States was very depressed. The steel was five cents a pound, and the workers earned six dollars a week. The company reduced its layoffs, leaving only Sembek and another staff. Sembek was also a manager and an engineer. The company suffered unprecedented difficulties. In order to repay the delinquent wire that provided by thousands of dollars of money, the company had to repair a machine to produce paper clips to make money. Fortunately, the sponsors are always on the scene. James ONeil, the playwright's father (James O) Neill, was touring the The Count of Monte Cristo, and he was very interested in Sembek's prason zipper.

　　
Although there was a turning point in career, Sembek himself suffered an unprecedented blow, and his wife died of childbirth. With more sadness, he is more focused on improving the zipper. In 1913, he applied for a patent again, and the patent license was approved in 1917 (Patent No. 1219881). Walker called the patent "hidden hook" (hidden hook), optimistic about the prospects. Walker renamed the company the "hook less button company" (HooklessFastenerCompany) and the factory moved Meadville.

　　
In order to further improve the hook less button, the shape of the tooth is changed into spoon shaped, the top is convex, the end is concave, and the sliding device can make the left and right toothed parts chimed, and then slip back to separate. It is called "hook less type two" (see Figure 1), and the machine for making the toothed part is designed. In 1913, he officially announced that the technology had been breached. American science used Beck's patent as the cover story.

　　
Six months later, it is ready for mass production of this button, and no hook two is ready to go public.

　　
Walker's two son also spent eight years on the improvement of the hook type button. Josephine Kahon of Florida (Josephine Calhoun) also applied for a patent like a safety zipper in 1907. In the same year, Frank Canfielt of Colorado also applied for patent. Inventors who devoted themselves to this field were not only found in the United States, but the most closely related products were Katharina Kuhn-Moos of Zurich and Forster (Henri Forster) in 1912, but none of them were like hooks two.

　　
The demand of the market determines the success or failure of the product. There are not many orders for hook less two. McRae (Mcreery) department store in Pittsburgh thinks that hook less No. two is suitable for skirts and suits, requiring manufacturers to adopt hook free two. However, there are not many followers, and they dare not venture to use new products. In order to win customers, he constantly improved the performance of the zippers to meet the needs.

　　
The manufacturing technology of meadwell is becoming more and more exquisite, making 1630 hooks No. two every day, and there are no defective products, and the order is increasing. The first World War also brought new opportunities for new products. The money belt of military personnel increased the demand for hook less two. The air force flying suit used hook type two not only saves material, but also has better windbreak effect; the Navy life jacket also adopts hook type two. The government specifically allocated metal materials for production.

　　
In 1851, American Alice Ho (Elias Howe) applied for a patent similar to zipper design.