Enterprises Are Not "&Nbsp", But Transformation And Financing Are Still Difficult.

Recently, rumors of tight capital chain, large-scale stoppage or closure of small businesses in the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta region are frequent. Some even believe that the current situation of small businesses is more difficult than the 2008 financial crisis. In this regard, the joint research group of the National Development Research Institute of Peking University visited the 5 professional markets and 12 local banks of 94 small businesses in 7 cities of Zhejiang Province, and conducted online research on 2313 small businesses in various parts of Zhejiang through the form of a network questionnaire, and finally formed a Research Report on the small business operation and financing dilemma.

According to the report, there is no collapse of the small businesses, but the cost of raw materials and labor. Rise RMB appreciation, labor shortage and high financing cost are still the main problems facing them. Macroeconomic regulation has no direct impact on small business operations, and the most fundamental cause of small business distress is business cost factors.

The collapse of enterprises has not yet appeared.

Beginning in late April this year, Wenzhou " Collapse tide There were four rumours, and then, in Dongguan, the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, there was also the sound of "closure tide".

"The successive failures of enterprises in Wenzhou and Dongguan is a case, not a portrayal of the whole market," said Hu Xiaoming, vice president of Alibaba group. According to Hu Xiaoming, in the process of visiting the small commodity market in Yiwu, he found that the market was booming. "We also found from the Alibaba backstage statistics that the number of new businesses and the number of orders renewed has not been reduced compared with the previous years."

The survey shows that, despite the international Economics The situation is uncertain, and small businesses are facing difficulties such as rising costs. But most small businesses are still actively operating, and there is no "collapse tide". In addition, many small businesses say that their operations do not rely on bank loans, mainly because of their accumulated capital turnover and loans between relatives and friends. Therefore, the capital turnover of small enterprises is not sensitive to monetary policy of macro regulation and control, nor will small businesses suddenly collapse due to tight monetary tightening.

However, since this year, some small businesses have gone bankrupt. Hu Xiaoming believes that there are three main reasons for the failure of small businesses: one is the failure to invest in high-risk industries, such as futures and real estate; the two is the normal elimination of the market; some small businesses are in the saturation of industries that Qie Jing contends, or those with low production capacity and industrial upgrading fail, and the three is the initiative of small businesses. Stop production Stand by. "

According to the introduction, some enterprises engaged in high-risk non principal businesses in the first two years, such as real estate, mining, stock and futures, invested a lot of money in these businesses, and these investments often ran out of money, which affected their original healthy business and capital turnover and led to a gradual loss of business. At the same time, in order to maintain this kind of high-risk investment, these enterprises often seek bank loans and private lending to run debts. When the money was tightened this year, the capital chain of these enterprises broke down, resulting in bankruptcy. Some of the small business owners are involved in bad habits such as usury and gambling. Because their capital chain is broken, enterprises can not maintain and go bankrupt.

In addition, in the early period of loose monetary policy environment, the cost of production of small businesses has generally increased this year, and has eaten up profits. This makes some small businesses with small output, thin profits and failed transformation fail to make ends meet. It also makes some small businesses that are saturated and over competitive.

"Business failures are normal, but things are not that bad at the moment." The head of a lighter manufacturer in Wenzhou said. "But to tell the truth, the enterprise is really difficult to do, the cost of raw materials is rising too fast, unable to recruit people, not to borrow money, and not to use electricity. We do not dare to take the big bill now, for fear that we can not deliver the goods and lose money.

Xue Zhaofeng, a researcher and economist at the National Development Research Institute of Peking University, believes that the "collapse" should be "transformation". Research finds that small businesses are also actively seeking solutions in the face of operational pressure. Some small businesses intend to increase marginal contribution through industrial upgrading and deal with cost pressures. In addition, enterprises should consider the industrial structure adjustment and transformation after shutting down, and reappear with a new look.

Three pressures restrict the development of enterprises

Although some small businesses can be eliminated in market changes market Healthy competition and industrial development and upgrading, but the rising cost is indeed the greatest threat to small businesses.

The report pointed out that the top three pressures faced by small businesses this year are "rising labor costs", "rising cost of raw materials" and "appreciation of the renminbi". Since 2010, the pressure coefficients of the above three pressures have reached 81.67%, 81.43% and 48.11% respectively, and before 2010, this coefficient is only 52.10%, 55.56% and 32.95%.

Small business owners who surveyed on the spot all indicated that the per capita employee remuneration increased over the previous years. More than 60% of the business owners indicated that the per capita employee remuneration growth rate was 10% to 30%. The survey also found that 81% of entrepreneurs believe that the cost of raw materials is one of the major difficulties faced by enterprises. In the production of light-emitting diode raw materials "silver", the price per kilogram has risen from 2000 yuan in 2010 to 3400 yuan in the second quarter of 2011.

In addition, the continued appreciation of the RMB, the restriction of regional electricity supply and the change of the way of payment by small businesses have all contributed to the difficulty of the operation of small enterprises in the past years.

According to the report, "capital is the lifeblood of the normal operation of enterprises. Timely financial support can help small businesses tide over difficulties and even take the road of expanding production." However, the difficulty of financing small businesses has not been effectively solved.

The report shows that many small businesses are used to borrowing money from relatives and friends. Zhejiang's small businesses share 50% of their loans through relatives and friends. Correspondingly, the traditional financial institutions such as banks and rural credit cooperatives accounted for only 21% of the main financing channels, accounting for 7% of the main financing channels through small loan companies and pawnshops, and 22% of the small businesses had never had loans with the above financial institutions or individuals.

In reality, because of the inconsistent definition of financial institutions and the high threshold of definition, the small businesses with large loan demand below 1 million become the blind spot of bank loans. The survey shows that financing can alleviate the current business difficulties faced by small businesses. First, we should introduce a credit support policy for small businesses, encourage financial institutions specializing in small business credit to further increase financing services for small businesses, and strengthen supervision to achieve special risk management. Two, we should innovate credit technology to enhance the service capacity and efficiency of small business credit. Three, we should give preferential policies to tax policies for small businesses and help small businesses reduce their operating costs.