The History Of Sports Shoes

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As an important member of the footwear family, shoes culture has been formed and enriched.

Reviewing its historical changes can add luster to the footwear family.

First, the birth of sports shoes.

1. the evolution of sports shoes

500 thousand years ago, human beings could walk and run in a standing position. However, until about fifty thousand years ago, humans knew how to make simple clothes and shoes with animal skins.

When primitive people catch up with wild animals, their feet are wrapped in leaves, bark and even animal skins. They are the earliest forms of shoes.

These shields often scatter in running, so humans gradually learn to fasten their shields even more firmly.

Later, the fresh animal skin was cut off and wrapped up, and the wrapped animal skin became harder and harder, even grinding feet and cutting feet.

Humans use handmade tools made of stone or animal bones to soften the skin of animals, or to use softer materials.

They also found that the bark, animal skin and other substances that were tied to the sole of the feet were made in a similar shape to the sole of their feet, and the binding was not easy to scatter and be punctured.

The shape similar to the foot is what is known as the bottom, and the material used for binding gradually evolves into upper.

At that time, the shoes worn in the more intense sports, such as fighting between the tribes, tied up the bark, cane, animal skins or other straw woven under the sole of the feet to snatch the fighters or evade the other's pursuit.

These shoes, which are worn in production, operations or even escaping from natural disasters or attacks by wild animals, are considered as primitive sports shoes for human beings.

2. generation of classical sports shoes

Classical sports shoes originate from ancient messengers who need to run long distances.

At that time, the commanding troops sent the orders on the battlefield in the form of running.

In order to select the fast runners, the ancient sports meet was born.

The most representative Olympic Games began in Olympia, Greece in 776 BC. The main event was running. Later, the sports increased sword attack, wrestling, archery, boxing and so on.

In order to get the best results, athletes gradually run from shoes to shoes.

Running shoes have gradually developed.

Later, more and more sports entertainment and sports began to appear, and some special shoes began to appear.

At that time, the characteristics of special sports shoes were that athletes only wore leather shoes in football, rugby and cricket sports (similar to those of Oxford shoes, and now a rubber soles called "shoes") were also called "shoes". The shoes were called "sneakers". The shoes were also worn by the players. The shoes were called "Niu Jindi".

For anti slip soles, shoes or studs are often installed at the bottom.

These sneakers, which only have the individual functions required for sports, represent the emergence of classical sports shoes.

3. the history of modern sports shoes

The history of modern sports shoes can be traced back to 1840s.

Rubber is used to mark the shoe making industry. The use of rubber provides conditions for meeting the requirements of motion.

In 1832, an Irishman immigrated to the United States and stood in front of the machine every day when he worked in a small town in Massachusetts. The foot sole was hurt by the weight of his body for a long time and felt a pain on his sole. A rubber pad was placed on the sole of his feet, and the pain was obviously reduced.

His colleagues joked with him and hid the mat. When he got home, he simply put the rubber skin on the sole and produced rubber shoes.

Vulcanized rubber appeared in 1839, and its wear resistance was good.

In 1868, the first pair of tennis shoes with vulcanized rubber as sole shoes were born, which marked the formal emergence of modern sports shoes.

Running shoes used for cricket in 1861 used sports spikes.

In those days, running shoes with spikes were derived from everyday men's shoes, and running shoes were not derived from running shoes in 1896, which is the predecessor of professional running shoes.

In 1873, Americans used Sneaker as a sneaker for sneakers.

The sneakers do not make noise, so Sneakers has become the name of sports shoes.

In 1876, the new Liverpool Rubber Company adopted the new technology to make special sports shoes for croquet. Since then, rubber covered canvas shoes have been favored by consumers. The British have nicknamed Plimsolls for cloth sneakers.

In 1892, British runners changed their heavy running shoes into running shoes with nails, leading the trend of running shoes.

The Olympic Games that had been suspended for a long time in 1896 in Athens, Greece, once again sprung up.

The 50 kilometre long distance race, the marathon movement, is included in the formal project.

Marathon running is different from other races in track and field. Soles do not need to add spikes like sprints.

Since then, running shoes for running have been divided into two categories: nail and nail.

Two, the development history of sports shoes

Development of sports shoes in the early 1.20 Century

In the 15 years from 1895 to 1910, sports related footwear design, production and sales have emerged.

There are mainly snail shoes with shoe spikes, middle distance running shoes, high jump shoes, javelin shoes, track and field shoes and so on.

And other sports shoes are becoming more specialized.

In 1900, amateur runner Joseph William William changed his workshop to a shoemaking factory, and personally designed all kinds of running shoes that the players loved, then became the predecessor of the Reebok Co.

Beginning in 1908, the Spalding Ltd, the famous American sports shoe manufacturer, pioneered the provision of sports shoes and related equipment for famous marathon runners in the United States, and dispatched experts on sports shoes to supervise them.

The following year, the company introduced running shoes with lightweight design to make the sneakers lighter.

In 1911, the Spalding Ltd launched a short running running shoe with rubber at the bottom, and launched the structural design of the inside and outside double chamber. The center chamber pressure is smaller and plays the role of shock absorber, and the surrounding gas chambers support the stable effect because of the high pressure.

In 1915, Spalding Ltd began to produce sprint, middle distance running shoes, high jump shoes, javelin shoes and so on.

The last part of the sports shoes has been improved, the toe part is round, the body arrangement is more relaxed than before, and the combination of the upper and sole is no longer manual sewing.

In 1928, Mr. Kaili, a marathon runner, has been trying to make running shoes, bowling shoes, high jump shoes, rubber slippers and other sports shoes with lower price, lighter weight and better comfort. He has participated in competitions all over the world, and has made contributions to the development of sports shoes.

In the same year, the old cobbler, Lau Jin, began designing shoes with shoes and eyes and shoelaces on the outside of his instep, and a piece of elastic tape over his instep for the purpose of foot fit.

Try not to design sutures on the part where the feet are in contact with the shoes, so as to keep the seamless toe ends, so as to avoid rubbing feet.

At the same time, the soles are separated before and after, and the whole outsole is easy to repair and replace.

In 1936, the Darth family in Germany has become a world-famous sports brand. The lacing device of sports shoes widely used nowadays is the C button, which was launched in 1941. They have also designed the braces structure with supporting arch.

In 1948, Dassler brothers broke up, and their younger Adolf formed Addas company, which was the predecessor of Adidas- Adidas- company. Dassler set up a thriving Puma- Puma company on the other side of the same town.

Adidas set up the world's first sports shoe museum, which has the most complete track and field shoes since 1924, while Puma stores the company's early running shoes and the patent research results gained over the years.

The two brothers in the Olympic Games, every four years to reach the most competitive level, two companies have designed free shoes for famous athletes, greatly promoting the development of sports shoes.

Development of sports shoes in the middle and late 2.20 Century

In 1951, Tiger-, Japan's most famous shoemaking enterprise, started producing marathon sports shoes.

This kind of running shoes has a special shape: the toe is not the integral form usually seen, but the front part of the sole is two parts, and the front part of the upper is also made up of two parts, that is, the big toe is separated from the other four toes.

In 50s, the marathon movement set off a new round of climax.

In 50s, the running shoes produced by Saucony company (one of the Haidi subsidiary companies) integrated the advantages of Spalding Ltd and Ru Jin shoes, the kangaroo skin was used for the upper, and the welt was used in the sole structure. The shoe toe was wider and the design was seamless, the leather sole was the sole, and the natural rubber was coated in the key parts to achieve light weight and good shock absorption effect.

In 50s, the competitive situation of sports shoes was basically formed in the United States, Germany and Japan.

The warm-up exercise began in 50s, followed by warm-up shoes (training shoes).

These shoes are between the nail running shoes and the cushioning flat bottomed running shoes.

It is suitable for warming up sports such as muscle stretching, weight training, trotting and so on before various sports competitions.

In 60s, most of the running soles were equipped with independent heels to meet the requirements of runners.

New New

Balalice) the predecessor of the company came from the Riley- Rayleigh company, which made shoes in Boston in 1906, and has many years of experience in producing highly difficult orthodontic shoes. In 1961, the company extended its tentacles to the field of running shoes, and used the principles of corrective shoes for running shoes.

The running shoes on the market are evolved from running shoes of the new company.

Because this shape is similar to the wedge type, it is called wedge-shaped root insert (Heel).

Wedge), and later evolved into the whole slice.

Another feature of the new running shoes of new Bai Lun company is that it offers a variety of fertilizer choices to consumers, with up to five kinds of fatness for consumers to choose.

Another major event of the 60s sneakers is the emergence of the aerobic dance and the midsole.

In 1968, the United States launched the "new life movement".

This has affected the style of casual sports shoes, and leisure sports shoes have developed.

In 1963, the predecessor of Nike (Nike), the blue ribbon sporting goods company (Blue Ribbon)

Sports) in cooperation with Bowman company, specializing in importing trade, all the running shoe soles were dug up the material at the foot of the foot. The front and rear parts of the sole were separated, with a thickness of only 6mm, and the shock absorption effect of the sole was not satisfactory.

In 1967, Tagore offered to wash dirty shoes directly with washing machines.

There are two running shoes made of nylon net cloth, one of which is for marathon shoes and the other for racing shoes.

The sole of the running shoe is cut off and the sole of the slipper is glued to the sole of the slipper (equal to the function of inserting). Finally, a layer of wear-resistant rubber sole is used as the sole. The improved structure is the same as the development of nylon net cloth. Finally, the standard design of the running shoe sole is very important in the development history of the sports shoes, and has become the basic mode of the jogging shoe soles later.

In April 1967, the United States began to comment on sports shoes.

It has greatly standardized the production and sales of sports shoes, promoted the improvement of the quality of sports shoes and the upgrading of products, so that the quality system of sports shoes has been gradually improved.

In 1968, the whole piece was inserted, and the Japanese bathroom slippers were converted to the bottom of the sneakers.

In the same year, there was also a lower design of the heel height of the shoes, and the cushions were not filled with foam materials to increase their comfort.

But putting the main root between the vamp and the inside is one of the most popular parts of sports shoes.

Around 1970, Bowman broke through the traditional concept and boldly improved the structure of sports shoes.

Potter, a student at Lanzhou college, designed hook shaped trademarks.

Geoff Johnson, one of the founders of the company, thought of the name "Nike" in his dream.

"Nike" is a goddess of victory in the Greek story with two wings, and the hook like trademark looks like the wing.

In 1973, Nike was the first successful development of nylon mesh cloth shoes, which is the popular focus of running shoes in those years.

In 1973, Mr. Bowman improved the structure design of running shoes, poured PU glue into the iron mold of the wafer, and took out the dried PU glue from the iron mould, and became a famous prestige base.

At the end of the year, it became a lightweight snail track shoe without spikes, and later became a marathon running shoe.

In 1974, Brook's company first used a revolutionary polymer material, EVA, with light weight and good shock absorption effect.

Soon, EVA replaced rubber as the most widely used intercalation material.

In 1977, the whole world was popular in making sports shoes upper with nylon mesh cloth.

The blue ribbon sporting goods company has invented the whole body shock absorption of running sole, and the insertion of this substrate has become an indispensable part of most sports shoes.

In 1978, in order to prevent overturning of the heel joints, Adidas designed the back guard piece, also known as the heel jacket, between the upper and the inner parts of the heel part. At the same time, a "exposed heel stabilizing piece" was designed to further enhance the heel stability during the heel insertion and the shoe side corner.

And for the running shoes at that time, the shoe's mouth was too low to break the skin of Achille J Ki's tendon. A "Achilles tendon protector" was made at the top of the heel, so that the heel easily penetrated into the shoes, and the upper piece plus fabric pull ring.

In 1985, Nike and NBA basketball star Jordan, Barclay, professional tennis player Agassi and other big stars cooperation, greatly promoted the sports industry's high development.

In 1987, Nike invented the first pair of air cushion shoes equipped with cushions (Air) under the heel.

In 1988, the Asics company inserted Gel pad into the middle part of sports shoes, which opened up a new field of shock absorption.

In the late 80s, the Etonic company designed a stable air cushion device for the shortcomings of insufficient stability of the early air cushion shoes. The stable air cushion is composed of a plurality of independent small chambers. Each small chamber has the function of shock absorption, thus overcoming the unsteady shaking of the water bed caused by the traditional air cushion.

The other contribution is to design three types of air cushions for general foot type, foot foot type and flat foot type, which can achieve the effect of controlling and correcting foot flipping.

Hi-Tec has made the center of the heel part with a cylindrical sphere, and named it ABC device (Air Ball).

Concept).

The interior of the sphere is filled with gas.

The ABC ball is designed with different hardness and elasticity to meet the needs of consumers for their own needs.

A long history of Finland's Karhu shoe factory has also invented a series of air cushion running shoes, which are characterized by hollow out the inserted heel parts and dividing the whole shoe into four layers. The upper layer of the whole sheet bottom lining is placed above the hollowed middle (second layers), forming a general effect similar to the spring jumping bed in the gymnasium.

The third level can be regarded as the base of one or two layers, and the fourth layer is the rubber outsole contacting the ground.

In 1988, Conway's second generation resilient decompression system (REACT II) came out.

The core of the system is that it can be molded into any shape of the glue solid. Like the automobile collision avoidance system, the glue solid has cushioning and shock absorption function to the feet, which can effectively disperse the impact pressure and bear the vertical force above 8000N, which can provide better elasticity and wear comfort.

The characteristics of sports shoes in 80s, all kinds of functional design have come out in succession. Air cushion shoes are the mainstream. They are developing towards shock absorbing soft cushion, honeycomb structure, spring plate principle, silica gel pad and so on.

In 1991, low price pparent rubber materials were used to produce running shoes or some sports shoes.

In 1992, pparent PVC material was used instead of pparent rubber for the production of sports shoes, and the design of pparent sports soles became a trend.

The development of Nike's air cushioned shoes toward larger (more and more) and more exposed (more exposed) principles, constantly upgrading the air cushion, and improving the quality.

In 1993, an inflatable device and an air pump device were invented. The inflatable device can adjust the elasticity of the heel and the front part of the shoe respectively, and the pressure value can be accurately displayed through the pressure gauge on the waist side of the instep.

The air pump device can fully replace the shoelace and move from the shoe upper part to the sole part.

The soles can provide shock absorbing protection and flexibility to meet the needs of different users, and can also be inflated or pressed like automobile tires, so that they can be adjusted to the most appropriate degree.

In 1997, bionic sneakers were released.

Bionic sports shoes are made of imitation of the jumping action of kangaroo.

When walking on this kind of shoes, the foot exerts pressure on the springs. In turn, the spring exerts impetus on the feet. The wearers get the "jumping" energy when they walk, thus speeding up the walking speed.

All in all, the technical development of sports shoes, from the mid nineteenth Century rubber coated canvas shoes, to the real leather shoes soles from 50 to 60s in twentieth Century, then evolved into the structure of nylon net cloth shoes with EVA bottom material in 70s. In 80s, we emphasized the various functional devices in the middle part of the shoes. After the evolution to 90s, they were developing with customized materials and structural design methods.

The 90s sneakers attach more importance to fit than in 70s or 80s, making the performance of sports shoes more diversified and idealistic in the late 90s.

Running sandals in 90s combine the structural design of running shoes with the characteristics of sports sandals. Sports sandals are one of the most popular sneakers.

3. development trend of sports shoes

In 1861, the application of vulcanized rubber technology to shoemaking marked the birth of modern sports shoes.

In the early twentieth Century, Japan, the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom and France began to study sports shoes. The earliest research on sports shoes was the coaches of sports events, followed by the manufacturers of sports shoes, and later evolved into the joint study of the two closely combined.

The world's major brands, such as Reebok, Adidas, new brun, camel, Puma and so on, have established their own research institutes or think tanks, designed and manufactured some unique functional components and sports shoes with special structure.

Nike has the most extensive and in-depth research on sports shoes, representing the highest level of research and development and manufacture of world sports shoes.

Due to the continuous emergence of new sports, research and meet the needs of these projects, the provision of new, multi-functional, and alternative materials is the theme of the development of sports shoes recently. At the same time, the improvement of the original sneaker structure has made it more and more accords with the characteristics of sports.

In order to improve the appreciation of competitive sports and embody the personality characteristics of athletes, they are more interested in modeling, which is more beautiful, more typical and personalized.

In terms of color application, we should adopt a variety of collocation, improve lightness, and more brightly.

Before the 1990s, the United States, Germany and Japan were the three major countries in the world of sports shoes research, design and manufacture. They have been leading the trend of world sports shoes and the development trend of sports shoes.

There are many kinds of sports shoes, such as various styles, rich colors, changeable patterns, strong sense of three-dimensional and good quality.

Comprehensive matching, the overall effect of coordination.

The requirements for the hygienic properties of sports shoes are very high, and the shoe fabrics with deodorizing properties are developed.

The development of sports shoes will continue to expand as people's living space and scope of activities continue to expand, and the emerging sports will continue to rise. In addition, tourism will become the fashion of life. More and more kinds of sports shoes will continue to be renovated, showing a colorful trend. Secondly, professional sports require continuous improvement in sports level, and on the one hand, sports shoes will develop towards a more professional direction. On the other hand, they will also develop towards a more popular and fashionable direction, that is, from the emphasis on their sports function to the aesthetic appreciation of decorative objects in clothing.

Third, people's awareness of environmental protection is increasing, and environment-friendly sports shoes are being accepted by people.

Fourth, leisure sports shoes are very popular in mass sports. They will integrate the advantages of leather shoes and sports shoes, and the boundaries between the two will gradually fade away.

Because of the unique function, protection, comfort and fashion of sports shoes, especially more and more teenagers' sports shoes have become a fashion. In 1997, the sales volume of world sports shoes products was 17 billion dollars, in 2003 it was 23 billion dollars, while in 2004 it reached 24 billion yuan, and the market share of sports shoes would be further expanded.

In twenty-first Century, the use of computers and electronic sensing devices to accurately measure and adjust the movement of sports shoes is the focus of attention of the major Brand Company. Sports shoes are more consistent with the athletes' personal characteristics and sports characteristics. They should not only satisfy their fitness, but also have more comfort and functionality, which will be the trend of sports shoes.