Investigation On The Survival Status Of Three Private Enterprises In Wenzhou, Dongguan And Shishi

When the central government put forward the economic transformation, the local government has begun to consider the problem of "changing the cage and changing birds". However, the transformation of economy and the transformation of enterprises are not achieved overnight. In the process of economic transformation, it is bound to experience the death of the old economic state, and the new economic state has not yet been reborn. Wenzhou: "boss mode" challenge, "as long as possible, I will be a boss." On the bus bound for Liushi, a lean young man said that he was carrying a worn leather bag and was preparing to go to a hospital in Liushi to promote the sale of pharmaceutical equipment. This young man's trip to Liushi is Wenzhou's famous low voltage electrical appliance production base. In Wenzhou, enterprises in many areas are "clustered", and there are thousands of enterprises in one place jointly producing or selling certain products. "In Wenzhou, almost everyone wants to be a boss." Some local people said, "in fact, Wenzhou's economy is also forced out, and local resources are scarce, so private enterprises choose to go out more. This kind of going out has achieved the most dynamic mode of private economy in China, Wenzhou mode." In Wenzhou, a large number of family run private enterprises, which are combined by blood, kinship or geopolitical ties, have emerged. Most of these enterprises are "former shops and post factories". It is relatively easy to enter industries with low technical barriers and low market access capital barriers, such as leather shoes, clothing, low-voltage electrical appliances, glasses and so on, forming the main industries in Wenzhou. Zhang Liang, lecturer at the school of economics, Wenzhou University, said in an article that there is a special sales and marketing group called "one hundred thousand buying and selling force" between enterprises and the market. They have become the bridge and link between Wenzhou private enterprises and the market. This mode of operation is not only easy to promote Wenzhou products in the domestic market, but also easy to bring Wenzhou enterprises abroad, for example, the annual output of 600 million lighters in Wenzhou, the output value is about 2000000000 yuan, accounting for 80% of the global lighters market. Now, the Wenzhou model is experiencing the darkest period after 15 years of rapid development. In the first quarter of this year, the number of lighters exported in Wenzhou decreased by 10.9%, and so did the eyeglasses industry. "There was a profit of 1 yuan in the past, but now, because of the rising cost, there is no profit of 1 yuan." Some local glasses enterprises said. Shoe making is one of the most representative industries in Wenzhou. An official of the Wenzhou industry and Commerce Department said that in the area under his jurisdiction, many enterprises mainly made shoes, shoes and shoes, and the main business in the first half of the year dropped by more than 30%. The corporate dilemma has been reflected in the government survey data: in the first 5 months of this year, the number of enterprises in Wenzhou increased by 33%, an increase of 15% over the same period last year. However, many people believe that official data reflect only part of the truth. For example, Zhou Dewen, President of Wenzhou SME Association, said that 20% of SMEs in Wenzhou could be shut down or halt. "So far, I still believe this data." Zhou Dewen said. "Production enterprises will be even more miserable in the second half of the year." Zhou Dewen said, "according to the characteristics of Wenzhou, the money borrowed in the second half of the year is usually repaid before the Spring Festival. Last year, many businesses went bankrupt because they were forced to repay their debts at the end of the year. Many local business owners have begun to consider transformation. Chen Xiaoqin, deputy general manager of Jun Yao group, told a newspaper that one of her friends was thinking about switching from the previous glasses industry to the hotel industry, and the other person wanted to turn from the textile industry to the energy saving lamp. "However, this is moving from a labor-intensive industry to another labor-intensive industry." Chen Xiaoqin is not optimistic about such transformation. "Wenzhou is rich in bosses, but lacks entrepreneurs." Yin Haijiang, director of the Wenzhou innovation business administration training center, said: "the boss of Wenzhou enterprises is very strong in tactics, bold and courageous in making quick money, but lacks strategies. There are problems such as simple transformation, simple transformation and low transformation in enterprise transformation. Many transformation means failure at the very beginning." Dongguan: when the real estate prices are booming in the whole country, the housing prices in Dongguan have reached an average price of around 7000 yuan. But now housing prices in Dongguan have fallen by more than half. In 2007, the Vanke canal east of Dongguan Vanke canal nearly 8000 yuan per square meter house, now housing prices have dropped to an average of more than 3000 yuan. The real estate speculators have been evacuated, mainly due to the collapse of many businesses and the relocation of large numbers of enterprises. "When winter comes, Dongguan feels more than anywhere else." Some local bosses said, "Dongguan's economic situation is more like that of foreign enterprises in China's big workshop. There is no brain here. All the brains are in the United States or other developed countries." To a certain extent, the enterprises in Dongguan belong to the previous "three to one supplement" processing mode, that is, raw material processing, sample processing, incoming parts assembly and compensation trade. Such enterprises are generally small in scale, extensive in management and operation, strong in industry dependence, long in capital turnover period, and most in the development of enterprises. Over the past few years, this kind of mode has gained great development space in the Dongguan area. This is mainly related to the many "processing capacity" of Hongkong returning to the mainland in 90s. During the same period, many low value-added enterprises were transferred to Dongguan in Europe, America, Korea, Japan and Taiwan, such as Samsung, Emerson, Foxconn and so on. Because of the brain, local enterprises are more like a workshop of large enterprises. A large enterprise in Dongguan may bring about tens of thousands of small enterprises in the manufacturing chain. This is an ecological attachment chain. Tens of thousands of small and medium-sized enterprises are attached to manufacturing industry from the top 500 manufacturing industries in the world. The interlaced manufacturing chain is like a giant spider web. After several years of development, the autonomy of the "processing enterprises" in Dongguan has expanded. Basically, materials and auxiliary materials are purchased by the processing enterprises themselves, and the demand side provides samples and quality requirements. The local supporting processing enterprises have been quite prosperous. The most obvious feature of "workshop" is the small profits of enterprises. Many times, foreign capital has given a little profit, but domestic enterprises are competing against each other. "Some other foreign suppliers are demanding Chinese suppliers. For example, 0.8 yuan of goods can be reduced to 0.5 yuan because of increased suppliers." Some local businesses complain. For example, the processing of mobile phones, the profit may be only two yuan, and the two yuan to be allocated to all enterprises in the chain. Many local people say that in fact, large foreign-funded enterprises do not contribute much to the local government, but the government has already received a lot of tax revenue from small and medium-sized enterprises supporting large enterprises. However, the development of the "processing industry" has brought tangible benefits to the region. Between the villages and towns in Dongguan, there is a wide and flat Expressway connection. The local infrastructure construction has been quite complete, but the local government and enterprises have not made use of this time to build their core competitiveness. The risk is approaching. Before 2007, though the profit was very small, as long as the order was enough, every enterprise's life was relatively moist. However, since 2007, the most obvious is the reduction of orders. "Many enterprises fail to start and close because of the lack of orders." in the thick streets of Dongguan, the enterprises on the thick streets have collapsed more than 65%. On the way to towns in Dongguan, shops can be seen from time to time, with signs of "floor rental". According to local people, at this time last year, the rent was 11 yuan per square meter, and now it has dropped to around 7 yuan per square meter. When asked about the transformation of Dongguan's enterprises, many of the people interviewed were shaking their heads. We can only wait for the foreign economy to get better. Shi Shi Shi: the ceiling of the foundry was first arrived at the stone lions. What impressed me most was the factory buildings and clothing shops on every side of the street. In 80s, Shishi began to sign a contract of "three to one supplement" with foreign businessmen, to undertake garment processing, sample processing and assembly, while using imported surplus cloth to imitate Hong Kong and Macau and foreign fashionable garments and sell them on the market. In the past more than 20 years, Shishi has become a synonym for Chinese casual wear. According to the relevant data, in the county level city with only 300 thousand of the population, more than 5000 clothing and supporting enterprises were gathered, and nearly 2 garment enterprises in the surrounding areas. However, in the same time of expansion, the scale of enterprises has not developed at the same time. Most enterprises are small in scale and mainly run by family businesses. Shishi textile and garment industry association pointed out. According to statistics, lion clothing exports accounted for nearly 50% of the total, but private brand clothing exports accounted for only 5% of the total export clothing, most OEM processing. "In other countries, people call us" lion making "clothes. In fact, they are synonymous with" big price, low price ". A local surnamed Lin's boss laughed at himself. "Now we do a lot of processing for many foreign buyers like WAL-MART, but the processing fee is very low. The price of a pair of jeans is only 7 dollars, but they can sell 50 dollars in the foreign market, and the profits are all earned by middlemen. This change of exchange rate makes exporters feel the cold of winter. Moreover, the plight is more than that. "Under the pressure of rising cost of raw materials, exporter enterprises have no way to choose cheaper cloth to reduce costs, because foreign businessmen have basically established the quality and price of cloth, so some enterprises under pressure must digest themselves." A boss admitted. "We are now turning to domestic sales, so that we can work hard to solve the problem of rising costs in terms of material quality." Some enterprises have begun to look for countermeasures. Li Xiang, deputy general manager of the flag King garment industry Co., Ltd., said: "the most difficult part of the business is to do some domestic low-end market, because some of the previous export sales have shifted to domestic sales, competition has increased, production has been overloaded, and prices have been severely reduced. But the impact on brand is not big. " But the number of brand enterprises is still few. After all, there is still a lack of awareness of creating famous brands, especially the creation of domestic brands. Many enterprises are only satisfied with OEM. Some enterprises' brands are directly imitated by other local brands which are called by the local market. They are also regarded as one of the bruising injuries of Shishi clothing enterprises. Li Xiang described the overall situation of the garment enterprises in Quanzhou, including Shishi, as a triangular triangle on the top. "That is to say, according to the profit margin, there are too many small and medium enterprises with low profit margins and few enterprises with high profit margins. This structure is unstable." Li Xiang explained. A local shoemaking enterprise official said: "the real bankrupt enterprises in Shishi side are not as numerous as the outside world, so long as the enterprises have certain economic strength, they are still barely able to survive." "But the days will be more and more difficult, because many businesses must pay cash now, and they can still have credit on their account. Once the cash flow is broken, the business is over. I don't know how long it will last. " The above shoemaking enterprise official said.