Consumers And Garment Factories Are Moving Away From Silk.

In recent 10 years, China's Silk Industry

The proportion in China has decreased year by year, from 1.8/1000 to 1/1000.

At the same time, the price of silk fiber has risen to 10 times the average price of other fibers.

This means that silk's advantage in fiber competition has been lost to some extent, consumers and

Go further and further away from the silk.

In the view of Ling Lanfang, chairman of the Silk Road Group, today's fashion is fast and popular in UNIQLO and H&M.

Silk is very rare in China. One of the most important reasons is the high cost of raw materials.

With the same view, Li Jing, a researcher and chief silkworm expert of Huzhou Agricultural Bureau.

In her view, an important reason for the current development of the silk industry is the backward production of raw materials and the deterioration of the quality of raw materials.

In the silkworm industry chain, agriculture, industry and foreign trade are out of line. Cocoon processing enterprises do not really connect with farmers. The sericulture industry can not be organized and scale up. In addition, some silk enterprises have not built the whole industry chain management mode, which has restricted the advantages of cocoon silk.

The short board of the former production line seriously restricts the development of the industry.

Cocoon output is down by 10%~15% per year.

In 2015 1~12, according to statistics from National Bureau of statistics on 404 reeling silk spinning enterprises above Designated Size, the output of silk was 172 thousand and 100 tons, an increase of 4.66% over the same period last year.

In the 16 silk producing areas of the country, besides the increase of silk production in 9 provinces and autonomous regions such as Guizhou, Shaanxi, Guangdong and Guangxi, the output of silk in 7 provinces and autonomous regions such as Henan, Liaoning and Shandong has been reduced to varying degrees, especially in the province of Henan, where the yield of silk has dropped by 45.88%.

In Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong, Anhui and other famous high quality silkworm cocoons in the east of China, the output of cocoons is decreasing at the rate of 10%~15% each year, and the output of cocoons in the 3 provinces of Guangxi, Sichuan and Yunnan is still keeping or increasing.

The number of East sang West shift is over, but talent, technology, quality, information and market have not yet been removed. This has become an urgent problem for China's silkworm silk industry.

Taking Zhejiang Huzhou as an example, the output of Huzhou billet accounts for 30% of the total output of the national silk fabric and 1/4 of the total output of the world's green silk.

In recent years, the average annual export volume of Huzhou's green silk is about 150 million meters ~2 billion meters, but the added value is not high.

The sericulture production in Zhejiang is also shrinking: the mulberry area has decreased from 1 million 520 thousand mu in 1994 to 860 thousand mu in 2014, and has decreased by 43%. The output of cocoon has dropped from 140 thousand tons in 1992 to 47 thousand tons in 2014, reducing 66%, and returning to the level of the beginning of 70s in the early 20th century.

Silkworm rearing and silk reeling are inefficient.

At present, there is a shortage of high-quality raw cocoons in China. Only a small amount of raw cocoons can be used in Zhejiang, such as in Qiandao Lake, Chunan, and other raw materials are required to go to Yunnan and Sichuan for long distance orders. The cost is very high, and the raw materials of cocoons in Zhejiang are reduced.

Therefore, the pformation of the silk industry needs immediate improvement of raw materials.

At present, China's silkworm cocoon materials are still dependent on thousands of households' silkworm farmers, without industrialization, scale, specialization, mechanization, overcapacity, disorder of purchase order and serious deterioration of quality.

Even some sericultural cooperatives are centralized processing and centralized sales. In recent decades, progress has not been made in improving varieties, improving quality, scientifically raising silkworms, reducing costs and increasing efficiency.

In recent years, the cost of agriculture has increased sharply, the price of raw materials has been pushed up rigidly, the reeling capacity is relatively surplus, and the phenomenon of high price of raw materials is tolerated. The result is that one production and second production are all injured: the farmers' quality of cocoons is getting worse and worse, and there is no profit and lack of confidence in the industry.

Because of the increasing cost of mulberry cultivation and silkworm raising, the shortage of Sericultural Science and technology, and the input-output ratio of other cash crops, the serious abandoning of mulberry in the East has led to the "eating" in the West.

At present, 650 thousand tons of silkworm cocoons in the whole country can not produce more than 5A grade raw materials.

The silkworm cocoon of the international brand Hermes silk can be remanufactured, less than 5000 tons nationwide.

China's mechanization and refinement are far inferior to that of Japan, France and Brazil, and even India has been catching up with cocoon quality management in recent years.

The average annual production capacity of Silk Reeling Enterprises in China is only 80% of that in 80s of last century. This is mainly due to our relatively extensive agriculture and industry.

In addition, "artificial leaf picking and cocoon harvesting are hard and laborious, and the mechanization degree of silkworm production is less than 20%, which has become a major bottleneck restricting the development of industry."

Zhou Chengwei, deputy director of Silkworm Breeding Institute of Jiangsu Province, analyzed that compared with planting rice and wheat, silkworm rearing season is strong, equipment utilization rate is low, the market is small, and R & D investment is much, which can not stimulate R & D institutions and enterprises' R & D enthusiasm.

Lou Li Jing believes that land constraints can be improved through technical means, and who will breed mulberry and who will raise silkworms is the biggest problem.

"Through the improvement of varieties, the mulberry leaf yield of new mulberry trees can reach 2500 kg ~3000 kg, which is two times the original old mulberry tree, and the key is how to improve farmers' enthusiasm."

She suggested that the government departments must increase support for the historical classic industries, such as developing "order agriculture", and making policy subsidies to the larger production bases.

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Pick up from the raw material base

Lou Li Jing believes that in order to improve the current status of silk raw materials, in the process of pformation and upgrading of the silk industry, the government should support state-level and provincial leading enterprises to invest in building high-quality raw material bases, promote farmers to produce high-quality cocoons by means of economic means, and promote silkworm cultivation as a whole, actively explore the "brand enterprise + raw material base" business mode, encourage sericulture farmers to enhance the enthusiasm of planting mulberry and raise silkworms, and curb the rapid decline of silkworm production.

In view of the current situation of raw material quantity reduction and quality reduction, many silk enterprises begin to attach importance to the control of the quality of the raw materials at the front end.

In November 2015, the silk road holding group set up an agricultural technology company to build an industrial and large-scale raw material base at home.

Ling Lanfang said: "our specific industrial route is that the new mulberry fields planted in mulberry fields of each model area not less than 800 Mu are supplied by the Institute of sericulture of Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, mechanized feed, three season cultivation all day, and the cost of cocoon per ton can be reduced by at least 1/3.

According to the Zhejiang provincial government's request that the silk industry should be "raw material base", we should actively promote the strategy of "going out" of sericulture and strive to promote the spirit of industrial development in the construction of high-quality raw silk raw materials inside and outside Zhejiang. We will copy the successful experience to the conditional western provinces and promote the industrialization of silkworms.

We have consulted experts from all over the country and Zhejiang province for many times that the plan is feasible, and is an innovative practice in the field of agriculture.

Sichuan Mianyang Tianhong silk Co., Ltd. has explored the establishment of an industrial operation mechanism of "company + CO farming households and farmers", and developed a high standard sericulture base to achieve win-win development for enterprises and farmers.

Yang Huijun, chairman of Sichuan Mianyang Tianhong silk Co., Ltd., said: "we have established a technical service system covering every silkworm farmer, so that the people can be raised and raised well.

Through exploration and practice, the interest mechanism of close connection between the company and silkworm farmers is established.

On the one hand, we should make full use of market means to promote open, fair and impartial cocoon pricing. On the other hand, through sericultural support, technical guidance and service training, sericultural farmers can feel that they have trusted and assured cooperation with Tianhong company, thus avoiding the "cocoon" war and achieving a 100% cocoon purchase rate.

Xinyuan Cocoon Silk Group Co., Ltd., through the land pfer, plans to build 400 sericultural farms in 3 years ~5 years, providing a new way of thinking for establishing a large-scale and standardized sericulture base.

Chu Chengping, chairman of Xinyuan Cocoon Silk Group Co., Ltd., said: "we play the role of leading industry, with the help of the industrial management project of integrated agricultural development, through the industrialization model of" company + Research Institute + base + farmer ", the establishment of about 300000 mu of industrial base in Haian County of Jiangsu and Hechi city of Guangxi, 280 thousand silkworm farmers and 18 Silk Reeling Enterprises in the industrial base, forming their own industrial chain, effectively promoting agricultural efficiency and sericulture increasing income.

Wu Jingen, President of the company, said the silk industry is based on the front end, and the so-called front end is silk raw material.

By selecting partners in the high quality cocoon producing area, we should build a demonstration base for industrialized silkworm production, so as to make up for the short board.