Liu Zhibiao: Textile Machinery Substitution Benefits Under Many Worries

China has a comparative advantage in the production of general consumer goods, but the advantage of the equipment manufacturing industry is not obvious.

At present, machine substitutions mainly use foreign machines to replace people.

The root cause of this market gap lies in the technical level of China's equipment manufacturing industry.

The machine changes the operator who sells physical labor, but it doesn't mean that he doesn't need people.

It is still skilled workers who know how to operate machines.

If there is a lack of skilled workers to operate and maintain these advanced machines, it will be difficult to achieve real pformation and upgrading at the end.

Liu Zhibiao, President of Nanjing University of Finances and Economics, said that for China's manufacturing industry, there are three major problems facing machine substitution.

A research from Tsinghua University shows that there is still a big gap between domestic brand industrial robots and foreign brands.

In 2012, FANUC, and

The ABB giant four accounted for 53.8% of the market share.

In the entire robot industry chain, the main upstream key parts, middle reaches equipment manufacturing plants and downstream industries are applied in these three blocks. The domestic enterprises now mainly focus on system integrators to achieve downstream applications, that is, through the robots purchased abroad, the corresponding design of the downstream customers is designed to achieve profits.

The upstream industry chain has no support for core parts manufacturers, and the key parts and components are still far behind foreign enterprises.

An industry insider told reporters that the key components of domestic robots in the joint part of the reducer generally rely on imports. "Retarder is an important factor that restricts the cost of domestic industrial robots. Research on reducer requires not only good equipment, but also good materials and technology. Materials need absolute wear resistance.

These are not technologies that can catch up with foreign countries at one thirty. "

In 2007, Huang Jianping, the chairman of the aestheticism company, went abroad for an inspection tour. He marveled at the advanced automated production lines in the West. He brought in seven or eight automation equipment by about 4000000, but he encountered some opposition from the middle level.

"One machine is less than tens of thousands, and more than five million and six hundred thousand, so it can not afford to lose a few people."

At that time, the director of production workshop also had this criticism.

What is more difficult is that some workers like Dai Zhaozhi do not want to, and some do not know how to operate the machine: "how can I be so troublesome to carry out things that I have done with all my strength and momentum?"

Zhong Weiqiang said that when the new production line was just started, the old card had to be stopped and repaired. The kiln in the ceramic factory could not run for 24 hours, and the operation of the kiln for one minute was more than 5000 yuan of energy and equipment maintenance cost.

On the other hand, workers returned to the original state of "moving themselves all" from "automatic". The machine was so idle that less than a year had to be removed, and about 4000000 of the machines were driven into the "cold palace".

Chen Wuqin told reporters that when robots first entered the high-tech production workshop in Australia and the United States, workers would not dare to approach because of fear, and feared that the new technology would be damaged by improper operation.

Moreover, manipulating the robot's coding is close to the sky book for the workers, and it also increases the alienation between them.

However, after nearly six months of running in, the relationship between them has become increasingly close.

although

The degree of automation is greatly improved, but the efficient operation of robots is still inseparable from human cooperation.

Over the past 4 years, Zhejiang Xinwei Plastic Co., Ltd. has been expanding its scale and has been recruiting workers.

In order to achieve greater development, last December, the management decided to introduce advanced equipment and technology, improve production efficiency and improve product quality.

However, a problem is highlighted: after the introduction of advanced equipment and technology, many manual work will be replaced by machines, which means that a batch of surplus labor will be generated.

According to the expectations of enterprise management, this time we will cut more than 50 workers at a time, approaching 1/3 of the total number of employees.

It is precisely because of this that only a few days ago, disputes between enterprises and employees caused by machine substitutions occurred.

Because of the substitution of machines, the traditional manual labor will be surplus, and the manufacturing industry will have structural unemployment.

Therefore, in the process of machine substitutions, we should consider industrial upgrading and expanding employment as well as minimize labor pains and increase employment channels.

Whether manufacturing or laborers, they need to realize their pformation and upgrading.