Functional Properties Of Fiber Textile Materials For Automotive Interior Decoration

The automotive industry is the largest user of industrial textiles.

Compared with leather materials, textile materials are widely concerned by consumers and manufacturers for their breathability, environmental protection and low cost.

According to statistics, the average consumption of textile materials per vehicle is 42M2 (50 square yards), which is used for interior decoration (seats, car roof, side panels, carpet, luggage compartment, etc.), reinforced materials, lining, bottom fabric, tires, belts, airbags, mufflers and insulation equipment.

Automotive textiles are mainly organic fabrics, knitted fabrics, nonwovens and fiber composites.

In recent years, the proportion of knitted fabric has been increasing year by year because of its characteristics of softness, comfort, elasticity, extensibility, breathability, computer jacquard potential and three-dimensional forming.

1. Selection of textile materials for automotive interior decoration

01. Selection of fiber materials

Automotive fibers are mainly synthetic fibers.

Mildew, resistance to ultraviolet ray is superior, easy to clear, Xian, resilience and crease resistance, and the price is relatively low, which accounts for more than 90% of the market for automotive textile decorative fabrics. However, its moisture absorption is low and its comfort is poor. Acrylic fiber has good UV resistance and soft handle, but its wear resistance is not good. It is suitable for making cars with ceiling and Tsepo. Nylon fiber has better elasticity and wear resistance, and can be applied to car seats; polypropylene fiber is superior to polyester fiber in strength and density, and it is cheap and easy to reuse, but it can only be dyed with raw liquid or dyed before spinning, and its wear resistance and moisture absorption are poor. Polyester fiber has good abrasion resistance, high tear resistance and resistance.

The natural fibers used in automotive interior decoration textile materials are mainly wool and its blended yarn. It can meet the performance requirements such as fastness to light and wear resistance, good moisture absorption, better heat and moisture comfort and better antistatic ability, but because of the higher price of wool fabrics, it is generally used only for high-end cars.

02. Structural design of automotive interior fabrics

Because of the lack of luxury, ordinary single ply woven fabrics are not suitable for the development of automobile industry.

Woven jacquard fabric is of high dimensional stability, thick texture and strong velvet, but the price is more expensive.

Knitted fabrics are widely used in knitting, carpets, roof interior, door decorations, curtains, safety belts, back linings, awning cloth, airbags and other knitted fabrics with weft knitted, warp knitted and gasket fabrics for their good stretchability and elasticity.

Because of their different organizational structures and elasticity, they can be selected for the performance requirements of various components.

Knitted velvet fabrics are not only beautiful but also have good air permeability, because they are soft, elegant, and have good longitudinal and lateral extensibility. They are the preferred materials for middle and high grade automotive interior fabrics, and have broad prospects for development.

Two. Performance requirements for textile materials for automotive interior decoration

In addition to the comfortable, beautiful, economical and durable properties required for traditional textiles, automotive interior textile materials also have higher requirements for safety, environmental protection, such as antifouling, flame-retardant, antistatic, easy to clean and sun resistant.

This is mainly reflected in the following aspects.

01, color fastness performance

The color (pattern) of the interior fabric is finished by dyeing and printing.

The color fastness requirements of fabric for car seats include color fastness to sunlight, color fastness to water immersion, color fastness to perspiration and color fastness to rubbing.

As the front windshield of the car has a large inclination, the car seat is exposed to sunlight for a long time. The seat textiles should have good color fastness to sunlight.

Due to the large contact area between drivers and occupants for a long time, they may be attacked by sweat stains and may be drenched by water.

Therefore, good color fastness to rubbing, color fastness to perspiration and water fastness should be the basic requirements for automobile seat fabrics.

02, antifouling performance

Vehicle decorative fabrics are often attached to the vehicle, which is often accompanied by the life of the entire vehicle.

Car seat covers are not often washed like garments, so the dirt resistance of vehicle interior fabric has attracted much attention.

Fluorinated fabric finishing agent shows the superiority of general hydrocarbon or silicone waterproof agent, and becomes the mainstream of waterproofing and oil repellent.

And the versatile process has become an inevitable trend in the development of this kind of finishing agent, that is, the fabric treated with fluorine finishing agent is not only waterproof and oilproof, but also has many other characteristics, such as antifouling, decontamination, antistatic, dry cleaning, water washing and so on.

Because the price of fluorine finishing agent is much more expensive than that of ordinary fabric finishing agent, this largely affects its development.

The fluorinated finishing agent and other types of finishing agents are mixed together and produce durable washability, which not only improves the performance of the product, but also reduces the production cost.

03. Antistatic properties

The electrostatic phenomenon of automobile interior decoration fabric is a problem that can not be ignored.

First of all, static electricity will make the passengers feel uncomfortable (especially when wearing chemical fiber clothes) and produce friction and discharge when they leave their seats. The driver can easily cause two accidents.

Secondly, electrostatic charges gather easily on the surface of the fibers, which easily cause dust and inconvenience.

In addition, there may be gasoline vapor or smoke generated by smoking in the vehicle, which is likely to cause fire under the action of static electricity.

At the same time, static electricity will also reduce the sensitivity of electronic components inside the vehicle.

Antistatic finishing of synthetic fabrics for automotive interior is more flexible and flexible than chemical modification starting from polymerization and blending from spinning.

And the processing flow is short.

Less investment in industrialization and quick results.

04, flame retardancy

Automotive interior materials must have good fire retardant properties and flame-retardant properties. In case of fire, passengers can have enough time to leave.

The composition and chemical structure of all kinds of synthetic fibers in automobile textile materials are different. Their thermal properties and combustion properties are different. So far, no ideal flame retardant finishing agent for all kinds of synthetic fibers has been found.

Polyester fibers are melted and heat shrinkable fibers. Droplets are formed by contact with flame, and fibers are not easy to burn. However, polyester fabric products hamper the droplet effect during melting and become inflammable due to the treatment of various chemical agents.

Flame retardants for polyester fibers are mainly phosphorus and bromine compounds.

Polypropylene fiber is a flammable fiber. It is not easy to carbonization during combustion, and it can be decomposed into combustible gas.

Therefore, the flame retardance of polypropylene fibers is mainly due to the synergistic effect of halogen containing flame retardants and flame retardants to inhibit the combustion reaction of gases.

The N-C and CH2-C0 bonds of polyamide fibers are broken when they are decomposed by heat. Adding nitrogen compounds as flame retardants is helpful to the flame retardance of polyamides.

05, light resistance and UV resistance

Automotive interior textile materials cause degradation due to long-term ultraviolet radiation, heat and moisture.

In fiber, the UV resistance of acrylic fiber is superior to that of other fibers, but its wear resistance is less than that of polyester and nylon.

And polyester has good wear resistance, anti ultraviolet performance is also good, so the use of more.

The anti ultraviolet finishing of interior fabric can effectively improve its UV resistance and reduce the degradation of fiber material.

06, rime phenomenon

Rime is composed of interior decoration materials, especially liquid, paste, powder and solid materials as raw materials, and the volatile components in all kinds of adhesives used to install these materials will evaporate. These substances and vaporized substances form condensation on glass panels, especially on windows and windshields, which affect drivers' sight and are difficult to remove, which seriously affects driving safety.

The phenomenon of rime produced by the accumulation of chemical reagents used in dyeing, weaving and finishing of yarns.

The surface area of cashmere fabrics is large and rime will be more serious.

The problem of mold caused by volatile substances affects the air quality in cars. This problem is getting more and more attention.

Three. Functional finishing of automotive interior materials

Proper processing and finishing of dyed (or printed) fabrics can make automotive interior materials possess antifouling, antistatic, flame retardancy and other properties, and meet the requirements of design performance of automotive textiles.

01, antifouling finishing

Polyester fiber itself is hydrophobic and its surface energy is low. It can give excellent knitted fabrics water repellent, oil repellent and dirt repellent properties through finishing.

For example, the use of Daikin's TG 435, TG, 5601 organic fluorine products can achieve better antifouling and easy decontamination effects.

General process (rolling and baking process): preparation of working fluid (organic fluorine finishing agent 20 ~ 40G / L) to adjust pH value to two at room temperature, dip two rolling (impregnated 1MIN, with liquid rate 70%-80%) to pre drying (80~100 C, 2 ~ 3MIN) to roasting (150-170 C, 1-2MIN).

In order to improve the washability and special functions of fabrics, polyurethane crosslinker, anti ultraviolet finishing agent or antistatic finishing agent are often added to the formula.

02, flame retardant finishing

Textile flame retardant finishing process can be implemented in the following ways:

(1) pasting and baking process

This method is the most widely used technology in flame retardant finishing process.

The technological process is: rolling, pre drying, baking, and post processing.

The padding fluid is generally made up of flame retardant, catalyst, resin, wetting agent and softener. It is made up of water solution or emulsion.

(2) immersion drying method

This method is also called exhaustion method.

The fabric is impregnated in the flame retardant liquid for a certain time, then dried and baked, and the flame retardant penetrated into the fiber under the action of high temperature or expanding agent.

The finishing process is basically similar to that of disperse dyes.

The chemical structure of the flame retardant, the degree of expansion of the polyester fiber and the curing temperature of the polyester fiber significantly affect the fixation rate and durability of the flame retardant.

Such flame retardants are usually Halogenated Phosphate and cyclic phosphate.

Sometimes this flame retardant finishing process can be carried out in one bath with the dyeing process.

(3) coating method

Coating method is a kind of finishing method that flame retardant is mixed into resin and flame retardants are adhered to fabric.

For example, non water soluble flame retardants consisting of three oxidized two antimony, ammonium polyphosphate and 10 bromide diphenyl ether, and polyacrylate or polyurethane, polyethylene ether, styrene butadiene rubber and other adhesives are dispersed in water together, and then coated or impregnated to dry to heat setting process.

The disadvantage of this method is that it can reduce dye permeability, reduce rubbing fastness and deteriorate light fastness. It is usually used only for flame retardant finishing of some polyester decorative fabrics inside automobiles.

(4) spray method

All thick products that can not be sorted by ordinary equipment are flame retardant finishing by manual spraying in the last process.

Continuous sprays can be used for fabrics that are bulky, patterned, tufted or fuzz, which is not suitable for drying and drying.

03, anti-static, flame retardant, anti fouling compound compatible processing technology

Antistatic, flame-retardant and antifouling are usually contradictory, because commonly used antifouling agents and antistatic materials are combustible materials. When they are used together with flame retardants, they are not only equivalent to the reduction of the amount of flame retardants on fabrics, but also the antistatic agents, water repellent and oil repellent are attached to the surface of hand fibers, resulting in a decrease in flame retardancy of fabrics and a further increase in the flammability of fabric surfaces.

Obviously, it is an ideal choice to adopt compound or compound compatible processing technology to meet the functions of automobile textiles, shorten the production process and reduce the production cost.

The organic conductive fiber containing metal oxide (or fine metal powder) is used as an anti-static grey fabric woven into warp and equal distance woven fabric. After finishing and dyeing, the fabric is finished with flame retardant and waterproof and oil repellent agent, and fabric with antistatic, flame retardant, water and oil repellent functions can be obtained.

In the "Dongli Kaiping 8 to 260351 flame-retardant polyester fiber manufacturing process and safety net", the Japanese company proposed that polymers, anti-aging agents, antifouling agents, antibacterial agents, insect repellents, antistatic agents, water repellents, softeners, dyestuffs and polyamine resins on the surface of polyester fibers can be attached to the flame retardant and water repellent multifunction fibers with excellent durability.

Four. Testing standards for automotive interior textile materials

At present, the Association for measuring the quality standards of automotive textiles includes: ASTM (American Institute of materials and experiments), AATCC (American Association of dyeing and chemical workers) and SAE (American Society of motor Engineers).

ASTM mainly provides testing methods for physical properties of fabrics. AATCC mainly provides testing methods for fabric chemical properties, while the standards set by SAE include testing methods for automotive components and components.

The three organization agreement standard test contents include: abrasion resistance, durability, flammability, light fastness, sewing strength, tensile strength, shrinkage, odor resistance, anti fuzzing, dyeing stability, fogging, cleaning ability, waterlogging resistance, surface damage, rub decolorization and dimensional stability.

At present, the relevant standards of automotive textiles in China are still not perfect, some of them are too old, which are not suitable for the development of automobile industry nowadays.

However, the relevant test methods abroad have similar standards in China.

Therefore, on the basis of comprehensively analyzing the quality standards of foreign countries, it is urgent to establish corresponding internal control indicators and equivalent equivalent testing methods and actively participate in the formulation and revision of international standards.

vision

China is a large country of textile production and export. With the gradual establishment of the pillar industry of automobile industry, the demand for automotive interior textiles will show a sustained growth trend, which provides new opportunities for the re emergence of China's textile industry.

The development of high-tech automotive interior textiles.

We should raise the standard of international standards, speed up the formulation and perfection of national and industrial standards, guide the development of the market by standards, and encourage enterprises to optimize the product mix and improve the ability of new product development.

Finally, we can achieve the goal of eliminating international technology trade.

Enhance product competitiveness.

Occupy the international market as soon as possible.