Lectures On Accounting Fundamentals Four - Classification Of Accounts (Part Two)

Three. Accounts are classified according to their usage and structure. Accounts are set by accounting subjects, and accounts have their specific uses and structures.

In order to better record economic activities, understand and grasp the regularity of accounts providing accounting indicators, it is necessary to further study the classification of accounts according to their uses and structures.

Under the debit and credit bookkeeping method, accounts can be divided into nine categories: inventory accounts, fund accounts, settlement accounts, adjustment accounts, set allocation accounts, costing accounts, intertemporal allocation accounts, accounting results accounts and pending accounts.

Inventory accounts, fund accounts, settlement accounts, pending accounts and part of the adjustment accounts are further classifications of asset accounts; aggregate allocation accounts, costing accounts and intertemporal allocation accounts are further classified into cost and expense accounts; the financial results accounts and the other adjustment accounts are further classifications of the income accounts.

The characteristics of various accounts are as follows: (1) the inventory accounts are used to account for and monitor the changes and balances of all kinds of property and money funds.

Such accounts can be used to check whether the book balance is in line with the actual amount.

The number of debit entries of registered accounts, the increase in the number of assets, materials or money, and the decrease in the amount of credit assets, money or money that the lender has registered. The balance is in the debtor, indicating the amount of material and money in the end of the term.

(2) the fund account is used to calculate the increase and decrease of various funds and the accounts in fact.

The common purpose of such accounts is to calculate and supervise the formation and use of operating funds and special funds that can be occupied for a long time without return.

The amount of the credit registration or the amount of retention, the amount of the borrower's registration or the amount of the loan is credited, indicating the actual number of the funds.

(3) settlement account settlement account is used to calculate and supervise accounts receivable and payable accounts generated by settlement relationship between enterprises and other units and individuals.

Such accounts can be divided into three categories according to their uses and specific structures, namely assets settlement accounts, liabilities settlement accounts and balance sheet accounts.

An asset account is a special account to account for the settlement business between the debtors.

In such accounts, the borrower registers the increase in receivables and the decrease in the amount of receivables, the decrease in the amount of credit receivable receipts and the increase in the amount of advance receipts. If the balance is on the debit side, it indicates the amount of receivables that has not been recovered. If it is a credit, it should indicate the amount of advance that should be returned.

Debt settlement account is used to calculate and supervise accounts between the various claims.

The increase in the amount of credited registration payable and the decrease in prepayment, the decrease in the amount of debit registration payable and the increase in prepayment.

Its balance is generally lenders, indicating unpaid debts or prepayments that should be recovered.

Assets and liabilities accounts can be used to calculate claims, but also to calculate debts. If debtor's registration is increased or the number of debts is reduced, the increase in credit debt or the reduction of claims will not be fixed. If it is a debit balance, it is an asset settlement account. If it is a credit balance, it is a debt settlement account.

(4) adjusting account adjustment accounts is used to adjust accounts set by other relevant account numbers.

In accounting, due to the needs of management and other reasons, some assets or liabilities and owners' rights and interests sometimes need to be recorded and reflected by two different numbers.

In this case, we need to set up two accounts.

An original number used to reflect the occupation of funds and the source of funds is called an adjusted account, while the other account reflects the adjusted figure of the original number, which is called an adjustment account.

By adding or subtracting the original number with the adjusted figure, we can get real figures.

The adjustment accounts can be divided into two categories: the allowance account and the supplementary account because of the different adjustment methods.

(5) the aggregate allocation account is used to collect and allocate an account of expenses incurred in a certain stage of the business process.

The amount of the debtor's registration fees, the allocation amount of the credit registration fees, and the balance at the end of the term.

(6) the intertemporal allocation account for the intertemporal allocation account is used to calculate the cost to meet the common burdens of several periods in order to correctly calculate the accounts of each period of cost.

In an inter temporal allocation account, the expense account used to calculate the cost of this period, which should be included in the current and subsequent periods, is called the "prepaid expense account". On the contrary, the account used to calculate the cost of the product which is payable in the current period but actually has not yet been paid is called the "withholding cost" account.

(7) costing account, the cost accounting account is used to calculate all the expenses incurred in a certain stage of the business process, and the accounts of the actual cost of each cost object are determined.

This kind of account borrowers register the fees directly charged and the cost allocated by the aggregate allocation account; the actual cost of the pfer of the credit registration completion, if there is a balance at the end of the term, is expressed at the cost of the finished product.

The financial results account is used to determine the profits or losses of the enterprise so as to account for and supervise the final financial results of the enterprise.

The borrower collects all losses, the lender collects the proceeds, and the final balance is in the lender, indicating the total profit realized, and the total amount of losses that the loss occurs.

(9) the account to be processed is to be used to calculate the inventory surplus and loss in the inventory, so as to match the accounts.

In addition to the above criteria, other accounts can be classified according to other standards, such as the classification of accounting statements, the classification of accounts with or without final balances, and so on. Four.

The accounts are classified into balance sheet accounts and profit and loss account accounts according to the classification of accounting statements.

The balance sheet account means that the information provided by the account is the basis for the preparation of the balance sheet.

The balance sheet accounts include three categories of assets, liabilities and owners' equity, which correspond to the three items in the balance sheet respectively.

The profit and loss account refers to the information provided by the account as the basis for making the profit and loss account.

The profit and loss account includes two categories of income and cost. These accounts are based on the items of the profit and loss account.

The accounts are divided into account accounts and off balance accounts.

The account in the table refers to the account used to calculate the assets, liabilities, owner's equity, income, cost and operating results of an accounting entity. The accounts listed above are all accounts in the table.

Off balance accounts refer to accounts used to calculate assets that are not part of the accounting entity, such as renting fixed assets accounts and escrow goods and materials accounts.

The accounts are divided into debit balance account, credit balance account and end balance account.

A debit balance account means an increase in the amount of the debtor's account and a decrease in the amount of the credit. The balance at the end of the account must be in the debtor's account.

Asset accounts are generally debit balances.

The credit balance account means that the amount of the debit of the account is reduced, the amount of the credit is increased, and the balance at the end of the account must be in the credit account.

The final balance of liabilities and owners' equity accounts are generally lenders.

No balance account at the end of the term refers to the account which is pferred from the loan (lending) side of the aggregate loan period at the end of the closing period.

Revenue and expense accounts are accounts with no balance at the end of the year.

Usually, the accounts with balance at the end of the term are called real accounts. The final balance of the real account represents the assets, liabilities or owners' equity of the enterprise. The account with no balance at the end of the account is called the virtual account, and the amount of the virtual account reflects the profit and loss situation of the enterprise.