Accounting And Management Of Fixed Assets

The salient feature of fixed assets is that it can play a role in several production cycles continuously in production and operation, and maintain its physical form, and its value will gradually shift along with production and business activities.

Doing well the management of fixed assets is an important part of enterprise management.

First, pay attention to the construction project accounting, correctly calculate the cost of the construction project, the time of delivery and the time of completion acceptance can be different or the same.

When a construction project is converted into fixed assets after completion and acceptance, it often has to go through three stages: capital construction period, trial production period and acceptance period. The time of completion of the construction period can be regarded as the delivery of the construction project, but it does not necessarily enter the formal production period. If there is production, it is only trial production and load trial run.

In the trial production stage, the instability of product production, the commissioning of production processes, and the pition of production personnel affect the stability of product quality and quantity.

Therefore, the trial run gains and losses at this stage are very uncertain.

This requires us to grasp accounting in the period of capital construction and trial production, correctly calculate the cost of production and the production cost of trial run products, and lay the foundation for the comprehensive acceptance of the project.

1. interest on loans should be dealt with separately: those that occurred before the fixed assets have not been delivered, and are included in the cost of fixed assets. Borrowing: projects under construction, engineering loans, loans: long-term loans, bonds payable, long-term accounts payable and so on. When the fixed assets are delivered, they will be included in the current profits and losses.

RMB 2. foreign currency loan, which is overpaid due to exchange rate changes, occurs before the fixed assets have not been delivered, and is included in the cost of the construction project. Borrowing: projects under construction, loans: long-term loans and other subjects; after the fixed assets are delivered, they are included in the current profits and losses.

The less paid Renminbi due to exchange rate changes is the opposite accounting entry.

When the 3. fixed assets are purchased, if the abnormal interruption time is longer, the borrowing cost during the interruption period will not be included in the cost of the purchased fixed assets. It should be included in the profits and losses of the current period. However, if the interruption is a necessary procedure to make the fixed assets reach the applicable state, the cost of borrowing from the interruption period should still be included in the cost of the purchase and construction of the fixed assets.

4., the income from construction projects before delivery is reduced by the cost of construction projects.

5., the net loss of the value of the residual value and the compensation for the negligent person or the insurance company will be included in the cost of the construction project. If the project is scrapped or destroyed for a very serious reason, or the whole project will be scrapped or destroyed, the net loss will be included in the start-up cost or extra operating expenses.

6. if a project has been completed and delivered, but has not yet completed final accounts, it should be included in the "fixed assets" account, and the depreciation should be calculated according to the provisions. After the final accounts are completed, the estimated value of the fixed assets and the accumulated depreciation will be adjusted according to the actual cost of the project.

In the trial production stage, depreciation can be prepaid, and the losses arising from trial production can be checked and accepted at the time of completion acceptance, and the product cost can be calculated according to the normal production of the product after obtaining the consent of the tax department.

Two, strengthen the management of fixed assets and improve the efficiency of fixed assets. In order to facilitate the accounting and management of fixed assets, we should reasonably classify them according to different needs.

It can be categorized mainly from years, natural attributes, economic purposes, ownership relations and usage.

The detailed accounting of the increase and decrease of fixed assets should be carried out through the "fixed assets register" and "fixed assets card" separately, and the guarantee is consistent with the checking of the fixed assets ledger.

The fixed assets account should be set up in the general accounting of fixed assets.

In addition, the accumulated depreciation account should be set up to reflect its value loss.

Depreciation of fixed assets is not only an important financial problem, but also an important tax issue.

Therefore, we must adopt scientific methods to make reference.

The main factors of depreciation are the original price, the estimated net residual value and the estimated useful life.

In the calculation of depreciation, we should first pay attention to the relevant provisions, such as the scope of depreciation, the choice of depreciation method and the determination of depreciation years.

The straight-line method should be adopted in the calculation of depreciation.

With the approval of the relevant departments, we can choose the workload method and the two accelerated depreciation methods, the double declining balance method and the annual total sum method.

The above methods should pay attention to their respective advantages and disadvantages.

For the repair of fixed assets, foreign investment enterprises are relatively simple to deal with, but generally they are listed as current expenses when they occur. But if the cost of repair is relatively large, they can also be prepared in advance.

The fixed assets should be checked regularly, at least once a year, to ensure its safety and integrity and give full play to its effectiveness.

The inventory surplus and inventory losses should be dealt with according to the regulations.

In addition to canceling the relevant accounts of fixed assets, we should also pay attention to the accounting of the profits and losses of fixed assets.

In the process of construction, the key point of accounting is the detailed accounting. Besides paying attention to the two forms of construction projects, we should also pay attention to the application of seven detailed accounts and the pfer of relevant accounts.

The losses of scrapped construction projects should also be dealt with according to different conditions.