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The "Past" And "Present" Of Zhejiang Textile

2010/6/25 14:49:00 58

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　　 After the founding of New China, especially since the reform and opening up, Zhejiang textile industry has developed rapidly. According to the data of the second basic unit survey, by 2001, Zhejiang textile industry had 12423 legal entities, 954800 employees, 35.654 billion yuan of paid in capital and 131.993 billion yuan of annual operating income. All indicators rank first in the manufacturing industry except for the third place in the number of units. Textile industry has become an important pillar industry of Zhejiang's industrial economy.

　 I Zhejiang Textile Overview of industry development

（1） The non-state-owned economy is quite active, and the share of the state-owned economy is limited. In 2001, among Zhejiang textile enterprises, the number of state-owned economic units, number of employees, paid in capital and annual operating income accounted for 1.5%, 7.2%, 11.4% and 6.4% respectively; The non-state-owned economy accounted for 98.5%, 92.8%, 88.6% and 93.6% respectively. In the non-state-owned economy, the private economy accounts for the largest proportion, with the number of enterprises and employees accounting for 71.6% and 50.4% of the non-state-owned economy respectively; The second is the economy invested by Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and foreign investors, with the number of enterprises and employees accounting for 7.4% and 18.3% respectively.

（2） Cotton spinning, silk and knitting constitute the three pillar industries of Zhejiang textile industry. In 2001, there were 10619 enterprises in these three industries, with 852100 employees, accounting for 85.5% and 89.3% of the province respectively.

（3） Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Jiaxing and Ningbo have become important production bases of Zhejiang textile industry. In 2001, the total number of textile enterprises in these four regions reached 8297, with 731600 employees, accounting for 66.8% and 76.6% of the province respectively.

（4） Small and medium-sized enterprises have become the main body of Zhejiang textile industry. Of the 12423 enterprises, 11407 have less than 200 employees, accounting for 91.8%; 11110 companies with paid in capital below 5 million yuan, accounting for 89.4%; 10200, accounting for 82.1%, had an operating income of less than 10 million yuan.

（5） The majority of "young" enterprises developed in the past decade. Of the 12423 enterprises, 11089 were established after 1992, accounting for 89.3%. Among them, 6832 enterprises were established after 1998, accounting for 61.6% of the number of new enterprises established after 1992.

　 2、 Zhejiang textile industry development characteristic

（1） From the perspective of economic structure changes, the non-public economy has been growing, and the proportion of the public economy has declined significantly.

（2） From the perspective of industrial structure changes, the cotton textile industry, knitwear industry, fiber raw material preliminary processing industry and other textile industries are growing continuously; Wool textile industry, silk and silk textile industry and linen textile industry declined.

（3） Increased extroversion. First, the proportion of textile exports increased. According to customs statistics, the export volume of textile yarns, fabrics and products, mattresses, bedding and similar products in Zhejiang Province increased from US $1.15 billion in 1997 to US $3.144 billion in 2001, accounting for 13.7% of the export volume, up 2.3 percentage points, from 11.4%. Second, the proportion of export delivery value in sales output value of all state-owned and non-state-owned textile enterprises with annual product sales revenue of more than 5 million yuan (i.e. textile enterprises above designated size, the same below) increased. In 2001, textile enterprises above designated size in the province achieved export delivery value of 32.05 billion yuan, accounting for 30.7% of the sales value, not only 3.3 percentage points higher than that in 1998, but also 4.4 percentage points higher than that of the manufacturing industry.

（4） The comprehensive economic benefits are increasing year by year. According to the evaluation and assessment system of industrial economic benefits of the National Bureau of Statistics, the comprehensive economic benefit index of textile enterprises above designated size in Zhejiang Province reached 132.38 in 2001, up 50.55 points from 1996, with an average annual increase of more than 10 points.

（5） The growth rate of production and sales in the textile industry is lower than the average level of the manufacturing industry, but the growth rate of profits and taxes is significantly faster than that of the manufacturing industry.

From 1996 to 2001, the average annual growth rates of industrial added value and product sales revenue of textile enterprises above designated size in Zhejiang Province were 12.8% and 12.9% respectively, 2.9 and 2.6 percentage points lower than the average level of manufacturing industry in the same period; The average annual growth rates of profits and profits and taxes were 118.4% and 29.3% respectively, 86.6 and 6 percentage points higher than the average level of the manufacturing industry.

　　 3、 Main problems of Zhejiang textile industry

（1） The profit rate of main business is not high, and it is declining year by year.

From 1996 to 2001, the business profit margins of textile owners above designated size in Zhejiang Province were 10.4%, 10.4%, 9.4%, 9.4%, 8.7% and 8.5% respectively, 1.5, 1.7, 2.0, 2.3, 2.4 and 2.8 percentage points lower than the average level of the manufacturing industry. The reasons for the decline of main business profit margin: First, the cost of product sales has risen due to the impact of factors such as the rise of raw material prices. From 1996 to 2001, the sales cost of textile products above designated size accounted for 86.7%, 87.2%, 88.4%, 88.7%, 89.4% and 89.8% of the total sales revenue of the province, 3.2, 4.3, 4.8, 5.3, 5.2 and 5.7 percentage points higher than that of the manufacturing industry. Second, the price of finished textile products kept falling. From 1996 to 2001, the provincial textile retail price index (100 in the previous year) was 108.1%, 103.3%, 100.1%, 99.4%, 99.3% and 98.6% respectively, showing a downward trend year by year. In 2001, the index dropped 9.5 percentage points from 1996, 1.3 percentage points more than the total commodity retail index. The rise and fall of cost and finished product price will have a great impact on the decline of profit margin of textile owners.

（2） The technological innovation and competitiveness of the textile industry are low.

First, the textile industry has a low value-added rate. Value added rate refers to the proportion of newly created value of enterprises in product value. The higher the value added rate, the higher the added value of enterprises' products. In 2001, the value-added rate of textile industry above designated size in Zhejiang Province was only 17.4%, 2.1 percentage points lower than the average level of manufacturing industry in the province. Second, the technological content of textile products is low. In 2001, among the total industrial output value of the textile industry above the designated size in Zhejiang Province, the output value rate of new products above the provincial level was only 3.5%, 4.3 percentage points lower than the average level of the manufacturing industry. Third, textile enterprises spend less on scientific research and development and education to improve the quality of workers. In 2001, Zhejiang's textile industry above designated size spent only 7/10000 of its product sales revenue on research and development, 18.3 million points lower than that of the manufacturing industry; The education expenses for employees only accounted for 3.9% of the product sales revenue, 1.8% lower than that of the manufacturing industry.

（3） The proportion of small textile enterprises is high, and the scale benefit is not obvious.

In 2001, among the 2327 textile enterprises above designated size in Zhejiang Province, there were 66 large enterprises, 172 medium-sized enterprises and 2089 small enterprises. On average, the main economic indicators of each small enterprise, such as industrial added value, product sales revenue, total assets, total profits, total profits and taxes, are only 8-11% of those of large enterprises and 27-36% of those of medium-sized enterprises.

From the main business profit rate index, large and medium-sized enterprises are 9.5%, small enterprises are 8.0%, and large and medium-sized enterprises are 1.5 percentage points higher than small enterprises. Among the 2327 textile enterprises above designated size, 498 enterprises have higher profit margins of main business than the average level of the provincial manufacturing industry (11.3%), accounting for 21.4%; The main business profit rate of 347 enterprises is lower than the provincial average level of manufacturing industry but higher than the average level of textile industry (8.5%), accounting for 14.9%; 1482 enterprises' main business profit margin is lower than the average level of the textile industry, accounting for 63.7%. That is, more than 60% of textile enterprises have low profitability and are at a disadvantage in the competition. This is closely related to the small and numerous textile enterprises in Zhejiang Province and the lack of economies of scale.

　　 4、 Countermeasures and Suggestions for Further Developing Zhejiang Textile Industry

Zhejiang textile industry is not only an important pillar industry of Zhejiang's industrial economy, but also an important production base of the national textile industry. Further development and expansion of Zhejiang's textile industry is of great significance for expanding exports, increasing employment, promoting national economic development, and enhancing Zhejiang's international popularity. After China's accession to the World Trade Organization, Zhejiang textile industry will face dual competitive pressures from home and abroad. How to remain invincible in the competition and take the WTO accession as an important opportunity for the great development of Zhejiang textile industry is a topic before us. Based on the problems existing in Zhejiang textile industry, the following countermeasures and suggestions are proposed:

（1） Vigorously enhance the competitiveness of Zhejiang textile industry. First, encourage enterprises to increase investment in research and development, technological transformation, and technology introduction, establish a talent training and introduction mechanism, build a cooperation model between enterprises and scientific research institutes and universities, and enhance the core competitiveness of textile enterprises; Second, efforts should be made to improve product quality, technical level, after-sales service and brand to improve the overall competitiveness of the textile industry.

（2） Relying on large and medium-sized backbone enterprises, we should make rational planning and overall layout to form a distinctive regional blocky economy. Although the number of large and medium-sized textile enterprises in the province only accounts for one tenth of the textile enterprises above designated size, the total economic output accounts for more than one third. Therefore, we should take large and medium-sized enterprises as the core, establish a small enterprise layer with mutual division, cooperation and support, and drive the common development of small enterprises. At present, Zhejiang Province has formed the embryonic form of regional block economy, such as Hangjiahu Silk (or Zhejiang Silk), Shengzhou Tie, Shaoxing Xiaoshan Tongxiang Chemical Fiber, Shaoxing Fabric, Haining Warp Knitting, Yuhang Decorative Cloth, Xiangshan Knitting, Datang Socks, Xiuzhou Weaving, Puyuan Sweaters, etc. All localities should adjust measures to local conditions, better develop industries with distinctive advantages, form different regional blocky economies, and form a new pattern of professional division, mutual support, and complementary advantages in the province.

（3） Accelerate the pace of information construction, build an information platform, promote e-commerce, and provide information services for enterprises. China Textile Industry Association and China Textile Information Center have agreed to build the "China Textile and Garment Trade Information Center" serving the informatization of national enterprises in Hangzhou, which plays an important role in promoting the development of Zhejiang textile industry. Zhejiang Province should give full play to the role of competent departments, industry associations, key backbone enterprises and information departments in the textile industry, do a good job in the construction of regional information service support platforms and websites in Zhejiang Province, and provide fast, accurate and convenient information services for enterprises; At the same time, we will vigorously promote e-commerce and improve the management level of enterprises and their ability to participate in international competition through online transactions, online payments and other means.