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Analysis Of The Main Problems Of Cotton Quality In China (1)

2010/7/15 10:53:00 33

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In recent years

Cotton quality

The supervision work and the cotton notarization inspection work have been continuously strengthened. Some cotton quality problems that have been bothering us for a long time, such as adulteration in cotton, shoddy use, and the use of "two small and one soil" equipment to illegally process cotton, have basically been eliminated, and the quality level of cotton has been greatly improved.

However, there are still some cotton quality problems which have been highlighted for a long time, which have not been effectively solved, and are still the main problems that restrict the further improvement of cotton quality in China.

Among them, the general problems of high content of foreign fiber and mixing of seed and cotton are particularly prominent.

1. The problem of foreign fiber

Almost all the people engaged in cotton work have a common understanding that the foreign fibers in the cotton produced in China are still a prominent problem for all parties concerned.

So, what causes the problem of heterosexual fibers in cotton production in China for a long time? I think there are three main reasons:

1. China's current

cotton

The main reason for the mixing of foreign fibers in cotton is the production and circulation mode and the cotton farmers' lack of understanding.

At present, cotton planting in China is still based on individual farmers in rural areas. Cotton farmers pick cotton mainly by manual harvesting. After harvesting, cotton is usually stored at home after outdoor storage, and then centralized sales are selected according to market conditions.

In the process of production, most cotton growers still use plastic woven bags as packing materials when picking cotton. Farmers' plastic woven bags are usually used repeatedly. Some of the worn bags are mended. Some simply don't mend and continue to use. The plastic rope dropped from the plastic woven bags can easily be mixed into the seed cotton.

When cotton growers spread outdoor cotton seeds in the open air, because of the environmental conditions in the countryside, poultry and livestock hair around the ground can easily be blown to cotton by wind.

In the process of picking, drying and finishing cotton, cotton growers' hair is easier to fall into cotton.

Therefore, if cotton growers can't pick out the cotton seeds before they sell them, there will be more or less mixed foreign fibers such as plastic rope, human hair, poultry and livestock hair.

New cotton in 1999

standard

After implementation, according to the requirements of the standard, the national fiber inspection organization has done a lot of work in the process of publicizing cotton standards, hoping to put an end to the situation of mixing foreign fibers into cotton, including the publicity of the harm of foreign fibers to cotton growers and cotton processing enterprises, the methods and requirements of picking up heterosexual fibers, and urge cotton processing enterprises to distribute cotton bags into cotton farmers' hands to pick up and store cotton, and urge cotton processing enterprises to establish corresponding rules and regulations to ensure the effective selection of foreign fibers that have been mixed into cotton in the process of acquisition and processing.

At that time, basically, the supply and marketing cooperatives were the main enterprises in the management of cotton, it should be said that these measures were basically in place, and indeed played a certain role, but the limitations of cotton farmers at that time became the biggest problem restricting the development of the work. Cotton processing enterprises made cotton bags that were distributed to cotton farmers. Most cotton growers were not willing to use them, or they used cheap plastic woven bags to install cotton, and cotton bags were used for bedding or grain loading.

With the further liberalization of the cotton market, the main body of cotton processing and purchasing has been gradually mixed. The cotton market order has been chaotic for several years after 2001. Especially with the emergence of a large number of seed cotton traders, on the one hand, it has intensified the competition of cotton resources. On the other hand, cotton mill's information on the quality requirements of exotic cotton fibers in seed cotton acquisition links is also difficult to pass directly to cotton farmers, leading to the fact that cotton farmers have lost their initiative in picking foreign fibers in the absence of proper guidance and seed cotton sales.

2. the selection of foreign fibers that have been mixed into cotton is not thorough enough in picking and processing cotton. The main reasons are: first, it is very difficult to mix foreign fibers in cotton to achieve full selection and cleaning; two, it is still not completely forming the environment of heterosexual fiber governance, which leads to a low enthusiasm for picking cotton processing enterprises.

At present, China's cotton processing is still an extensive mode of production. Due to the short production season, low product profit and the small scale of enterprises, the large-scale enterprise production is gradually fading out, and gradually evolved into small and medium-sized private and private enterprises as the main production entities, and the management level of enterprises is generally not high.

In recent years, although some enterprises have tried to develop specialized foreign fiber picking equipment, the effect is not ideal, and still can not compare with the effect of manual selection of foreign fibers.

The problem of manual selection of foreign fibers is that the number of people picking is less, and the quality of picking and picking can not meet the requirements of processing schedule.

And only when the light is good in the daytime can it be picked. For the processing enterprises in the evening, it is impossible to organize and carry out picking.

The effect of organizing large scale stacking and picking is ideal, but the actual organization and implementation are more difficult. First, because cotton processing season is the busy season for autumn harvest and autumn planting in the countryside, it is difficult for people to find it; two, there are too many people at the production site, and the requirements for site conditions are high, and the operation is chaotic, which is not conducive to safety management.

In 2000 and 2001, a number of cotton processing enterprises in our city used this way. Generally, an enterprise should convene 30 to 50 people to pick up and pick up at the scene, and the speed of picking can basically meet the processing speed of two 90 pieces of saw toothed cotton gin. According to the cost accounting at that time, the salary of picking up a kilogram of seed cotton generally has to pay 0.02 to 0.03 yuan, which is equivalent to the cost of 150 yuan per ton of lint. The effect of picking is also ideal, and the elimination rate of foreign fiber can reach more than 98%.

However, because most cotton spinning enterprises do not recognize the result of this practice, apart from a few cotton spinning enterprises specially sending people to supervise the selection of foreign fibers at the scene, cotton processing enterprises pay more and more production costs when they sell cotton, and basically do not get the recognition and acceptance of cotton spinning enterprises, and fail to achieve the purpose of superior cotton price.

In addition, there are many practical problems in organizing large-scale manual picking. Site management is more difficult. Individual enterprises even appear because of the staff's failure to comply with the operational requirements, resulting in the fire of the seed cotton stacks. With the change of the cotton market, this practice has not persisted.

Now cotton processing enterprises generally practice that when they are stacking on the seed cotton, arrange a few people to pick up the seeds and cotton seeds on the side while picking up the foreign fibers. When arranging the seed cotton, arrange the personnel who are responsible for feeding flowers while picking the foreign fibers.

Although this practice is also implementing the requirements of picking foreign fibers, but due to the participation of fewer hands, and the speed of feeding and feeding is relatively fast, in these two links, it is virtually impossible to implement the requirements of careful selection of foreign fibers, and the effect can be imagined.

3. cotton textile enterprises have different requirements for foreign fibers, resulting in cotton sales with heterosexual fibers basically unaffected, and there is no purpose of regulating market economy.

At present, the vast majority of textile enterprises that spin high grade yarn and produce export products have higher requirements for foreign fibers. Because the cotton produced by cotton processing enterprises is clean or not, in order to ensure the quality of products, it is necessary to organize a unified selection after the raw cotton is put into production, and then put into production and use. Because picking is very difficult and requires a lot of manpower, some textile enterprises also need to deduct the "foreign fiber picking cost" for cotton with more exotic fibers.

Those who require higher enterprises simply do not use domestic cotton, but purchase and use imported raw cotton which does not contain foreign fibers directly.

Judging from the current situation, some cotton processing enterprises that have carefully selected foreign fibers have high production costs, but the selling price of cotton is not necessarily high. The cotton market that does not pick foreign fibers is not bad, and there is no problem in sales. Thus, many cotton processing enterprises are not enthusiastic about picking foreign fibers.