In August, Cotton In China Was Postponed To &Nbsp And Boll Less.

China cotton and country

1. The pformation of seedling vigor is accelerated but generally late.

The cotton growth index (CCGI) in China was 94 in August, and 99 in the whole year (the first 7 years). The number of bolls in the whole country was 11.1 / plant, and the seedlings were worse than half a year ago, which is quite similar to that in the same period (Table 1).

Monitoring results showed that the seedling pformation accelerated in August, and the growth of the Yangtze River and Northwest China increased rapidly, but the growth was lagging behind in January, and it was more late maturing. In North China, there were several heavy rains in the area, plus more rainfall, less light, worse rotten bolls, weaker growth, more serious boll buds, and early maturity.

On the whole, the difference between cotton ripening basins in the whole country is the cotton this year.

Judging from the weather, from mid July to mid August, high temperature and low temperature alternate, drought and waterlogging coexist, and the climate difference between the basins is large.

The Yangtze River is warm and sunny, but its growth is accelerated.

After drought in the Yellow River, it began to rain more than 3~6 in August, and 1~2 times more in some areas. There were serious waterlogging in some areas. Only 3 million acres of waterlogging cotton fields in Shandong were found, and 300 thousand acres of cotton fields accumulated more than 3 days.

The northwest is warm and sunny, with adequate irrigation, which is conducive to late sowing, early ripening and high yield.

The Yangtze River CCGI was 76 in August, 86 for the whole year, and the growth rate of seedlings was nearly 25% in the same period last year, which is worse than 15% in the same period.

The number of bolls was 15.2 per plant.

After the late July, the weather became better, the temperature was higher and the sunshine was more. The growth of the Dongting Lake, Jianghan Plain, Poyang Lake and the banks along the river accelerated.

However, waterlogging and hilly cotton fields are poorly growing and their bolls are few. In the middle of August, some cotton fields blossom to the top, and premature senescence is serious.

However, downstream cotton area 7-8 months normal weather, a bumper harvest scene.

The Yellow River CCGI was 96 in August, 105 for the whole year, and the growth rate was almost half that of the same period last year. It was better than half of the same year, and the number of bolls was 13.6.

7 high temperature and partial drought in late middle month.

However, in August, there was a lot of rainfall. Although most of Hebei's drought was relieved, the Northern Henan, Shandong, Northwest Shandong, Ji Dong and Tianjin suffered heavy rains and local waterlogging. With more rainy days and less light, the growth of cotton decreased from strong to weak, and the trend of increasing production was weakened. The spitting stopped, the rot increased, and the parts were more serious. The late maturing of two cotton fields in wheat and cotton increased.

The Northwest CCGI8 month was 104, which was 102 year-round, and the growth rate of seedlings was better than that of half a year earlier. Compared with the same period of the same year, the number of bolls was 5.5 / plant, which has increased the weight of planting density by 7.1%.

Among them, 6.4 / plants in southern Xinjiang are slightly more than 0.3 in last year, 4.7 in Northern Xinjiang, close to the same period last year, 5.7 in the Hexi Corridor, 1.3 less than that in last year.

After mid August, the temperature is high, the sunshine is abundant, the irrigation is adequate, and the growth is accelerated, which has a good compensation effect for the low temperature. However, it is hard to make up for the late maturity.

The extremely early maturing CCGI was 93 in August, 76 for the whole year, and 8.4 for bolls.

Two. Yield per unit area

It is predicted that the cotton output per unit area will be reduced by 3% to 3.5%, an increase of 0.5 percentage points over the expected reduction in July. However, the reduction is mainly in the weather.

Among them, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River yield more than 10%, a large number of autumn peach depends on the fall of temperature in autumn, and the downstream shows a bumper harvest.

In August, the Yellow River continued to rain and rain, and the air temperature dropped greatly. The minimum temperature dropped to 18 degrees centigrade, and the highest temperature was below 30 degrees. It was very similar to the late autumn weather. It was beneficial to the outbreak of "two wilt".

Northwest is flat or decreasing.

Cotton is generally late maturing in China.

According to research, early maturity of cotton is closely related to sowing date.

This year's sowing 10 days later, plus 5-6 months of continuous low temperature, weak seedlings delayed, boll opening time pushed more than 10 days, before October 1st, the percentage of normal fruit harvest was half of the annual harvest. It is expected to reduce by 10 percentage points this year, and individual places may reduce 20 percentage points.

At the same time, frost or solar terms or 80% of the October 20th boll opening rate as an indicator of early maturity, this year generally reduced by 10 percentage points, the harvest period will be greatly delayed.

Although the high temperature of over 35 degrees in southern Xinjiang and Northern Xinjiang occurred during the middle and late 8 months, the boll opening was quickening, but the overall late pattern did not change.

About the time of listing, if farmers do not want to sell, the new cotton market will be more than 10 days late.

The quality still depends on the weather.

If the autumn is bright, the sun will shine, the quality will be good, and the grade of commodity cotton will be high.

If the autumn rain continues, the emergence of boll opening and the "rotten field" or low temperature early also cause quality reduction.

Three, mid and late management opinions and suggestions

In late August, early -9 was the late stage of cotton yield formation, and entered the harvest period in September.

In view of the general late onset of the year and the late boll opening, the national cotton should take "promoting early maturity and controlling greedy late green" as the main target, implementing classified management and striving for high yield.

The Yangtze River is responsible for Qiu Tao, striving to realize the autumn peach cover top, and the autumn season to lose the fill.

The autumn rain in the Yellow River lasted for more than 20 days in August. It is still raining now. We must concentrate our efforts on harvesting and rob the yellow ripe bell.

For late maturing, it is suggested that chemical ripening preparation should be done, and timely planting, planting wheat or pplanting rape.

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(1) the Yangtze River Basin

1, increasing foliar fertilizer and promoting drought resistance.

It is not suitable to fertilize the soil in late August. It is recommended that foliar spray of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea be sprayed once every 7~10 days.

In the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, especially in hilly cotton fields, it is necessary to advocate furrow irrigation.

2, control pests and diseases.

They mainly control cotton bollworm, blind spring and Spodoptera litura.

3, remove invalid buds.

The late season peach bud buds in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River are at the end of August. After that, the buds can be removed to increase boll weight.

High yield cotton fields should be cut off empty branches, and the old leaves should be knocked down to increase ventilation and light pmittance in the field.

4, prevent typhoons.

In the cotton fields along the Jiangsu and Zhejiang coastal areas, it is necessary to clear the gully and lift the fields to reduce the risk of waterlogging.

(two) the Yellow River Basin

1, grab yellow ripe bell, reduce loss.

Yellow ripe bell means that fiber and seeds are mature, and when they are cracked, they can not crack due to excessive rainfall.

This part of the bell is perishable.

Therefore, advocate picking.

One is cloudy, no rain, and pick yellow ripe bell.

The two is to spread out the sun; peel the bell shells and dry the seed cotton.

Three, the seeds of hybrid seed production and breeding fields have been stratified and can not be used as seeds.

2, drainage, drainage, ventilation and light pmission.

First, we should rush to row waterlogging, reduce humidity and keep the field dry.

The two is to cut off the empty branches, destroy the lower leaves, or push the plants in parallel to increase ventilation and light pmittance.

3, chemical control and early prevention, late greening prevention.

The first is to increase the concentration of DPC in late maturing cotton fields.

Two, wheat and cotton two mature cotton fields should increase the number and concentration of chemical control, and prevent more rain.

(three) northwest inland

1, appropriate early water cut.

The water stopping time in normal cotton fields is earlier than the middle and late 8 months, which is earlier than that at the end of September.

2, actively prevent and control pests and diseases.

High temperature easily induces the occurrence and damage of cotton aphid and cotton spider mites.

Emphasis should be placed on strengthening monitoring and reporting, early detection and early prevention, and prevention of spot spots.

Local outbreak of cotton spider mites can be effectively controlled by means of checking, touching, picking, beating and chasing, and comprehensive control is carried out by using phoxim, Sai Dan and Kung Fu pesticides.

In addition, the waterlogging cotton field in southern Xinjiang first drained and pushed the plant in parallel to facilitate the dispersal of soil moisture.

(four) grab yellow ripe bell and do well in chemical ripening preparation.

Cotton is late maturing this year. From the regional perspective, the two mature cotton fields such as North Xinjiang, Hexi Corridor, southern Xinjiang, the Yellow River wheat, wheat stubble cotton and garlic cotton, pplanting and direct seeding cotton after the Yangtze River oil and other types of late maturing cotton fields need to be chemically ripened.

According to the forecast of the Central Meteorological Observatory, the risk of late ripening and decreasing production may increase as a result of the "La Nina" phenomenon, which may be rainy this autumn. Therefore, all localities should pay close attention to harvesting, grab yellow ripe bell, and actively prepare for chemical ripening.

Timely application of ethylene can promote early maturity, improve quality, reduce late ripening of greedy plants, timely pulls wood for preparation, and timely sow wheat or pplant rape.

According to the condition of ethephon use, according to Li Zhaohu, expert system of the national cotton industry technology system, the bell period of ripening cotton boll requires 70% to 80% maturity (more than 45 days of Boll age). Premature spraying will affect the quality.

After spraying, the maximum temperature is above 20 C, and lasts for 3~5 days, because ethephon can release ethylene more than 20 degrees after treatment of ethephon, and the low temperature will affect the ripening effect.

Ethephon was sprayed on the first 15~20 days of dry season (the Yellow River, northwest) or upland cotton (multiple cropping cotton area), and the peak of emergence was observed on the 10~15 day after spraying.

Commercial ethephon (40% water) is suitable for 100~150 ml / mu.

Manual spray water consumption of 20~30 kg / mu, mobile spray water consumption of 15~20 kg / mu.

In the suitable range of dosage, the temperature should be reduced and the temperature should be increased.

Cotton fields with late maturing varieties, growing vigor and autumn peach can be increased appropriately, whereas on the contrary, they will be reduced.

When growing normal field, the cotton boll cracking at about 50% is suitable for 500~1000 mg / L. if it is used before frost, late maturity and time limit, it can be sprayed at 14 days before harvest, and the concentration is 1000~1500 mg / L or higher.

For cotton fields for late autumn peach, the cotton bolls in the middle and lower parts and middle and upper parts can be divided into stages and stages by spraying at a concentration of 800~1200 and 1200~1600 mg / L respectively.