Why Is China'S Silk Industry Developing?

At present, the whole country is studying and implementing the spirit of the party in the fifth Plenary Session of the 17th CPC Central Committee, learning and understanding the proposal of the CPC Central Committee on formulating the Twelfth Five Year Plan for national economic and social development, comprehensively summarizing the work of the "11th Five-Year" period, and making a good plan for the "12th Five-Year" period.

At this moment, looking back at the performance of my silk industry in recent years, many problems are worth pondering and thinking by relevant government departments and experts.

The world economy in the post financial crisis Era

The main reason is that

As the gloom of the international financial crisis has not completely subsided, the European and American markets are still weak, and the pressure on RMB appreciation and domestic inflation is getting bigger and bigger. The soaring cocoon price has led to a rise in the production cost of the silk industry. First of all, the price of raw silk is the price of raw silk. The price of Hongfeng is difficult to synchronously increase in the industrial chain terminals and downstream production and sales links. Under such a background, the high cost and the superposition of various factors have forced many silk enterprises to choose to reduce production, close down and switch to jobs. At the same time, it has also encouraged a group of enterprises to "break through" and "move forward" in the predicament.

The complexity of the current silk industry contradiction lies in: on the one hand, the cocoon price has a positive significance for reducing the scissors difference between industry and agriculture, stimulating sericulture and expanding production; on the other hand, the export of high priced Silk raw materials and finished products is difficult.

For the development of silk, people will wait and see: if this market can be fully digested in the future market and maintain a stable price level, is this not a good thing? If not, Imaki Akiharu will hear the good news of the fresh cocoon harvest, and the contradiction between supply and demand of dry cocoon will change, and the price of cocoon will drop, which will be a serious oscillation for the industry.

Moreover, assuming that the market has been maintaining the current high price operation, it will make silk become a "thriving" in the price of textiles, no matter in the finished products or semi-finished products market, it is more "highbrow".

This is another chaos in recent years in the silk industry.

Therefore, Wang Zhuangmu, a senior expert in the industry, once again put forward a strong appeal: "the establishment of China Silk Corporation to promote the development of cocoon silk".

How do we see this problem and how should we develop the silk industry?

China's silk industry once experienced the history of "China silk company" dominating the whole world.

That is in the era of planned economy, state agencies (or companies that represent the state exercising their functions) are in charge of the use and distribution of all resources, and all are implemented as planned.

At that time, the situation was much simpler than the present, and the sales volume was very small. The whole silk industry was mainly exported from raw silk and silk fabrics. The total amount of foreign exchange swap for the country was only next to oil every year. Therefore, it was highly valued by the central government and local governments. Silk has made great contributions to the economic construction and the reform and opening up of new China.

On the calendar of Canton Fair, the silk exhibition hall is in the best position and the most beautiful and exquisite.

In the 80s of last century, the large and unified Chinese silk company was established and disintegrated by industry, commerce, science, trade and agriculture. The independent provincial silk companies were set up in the main production provinces of the system. Some provincial companies included sericultural links, some of which did not include industrial links, but the export industry was unified by the (national authorized) China Silk Import and Export Corporation's unified management and operation mode.

In the early days of reform and opening up, the silk industry in China, under the backdrop of various imperfect policies and the rapid development of the world economy in the foreign exchange dual track system, had a lot of "separatist separatists" among the provincial companies. Driven by the interest mechanism of various regions, the cocoon war, which was characterized by land, county and city, lasted for many years, and the "raw silk war" characterized by rush buying raw silk. In order to stabilize the situation and stop these wars, the vice premier of the State Council issued the national power and the joint inspection team composed of four ministries and commissions of the Central Committee for inspection and supervision.

These wars greatly stimulated the great development of the sericulture production and silk processing industry at that time, but to a large extent hurt and impacted the unified management and management system. Moreover, the interest disputes between the farmers and the industry in the industry had been discorded continuously, which provided a realistic and theoretical basis for the advocacy supporters of the multi-dimensional three-dimensional operation system.

Later, silk went through many ups and downs, and because silk really did not belong to the necessities of the national economy and the people's livelihood. With the further reform and opening up in China, the silk industry was completely integrated into the market economy with the tide of the pformation of enterprises in China before and after the turn of the century.

{page_break}

Although there is some pain in the past history, it is still a good memory from the perspective of silk specific industry. At least, whether from the whole country or from all provinces, things are managed and people have the final say, the whole industry is basically an orderly development.

China's cultural tradition needs a certain degree of integration and needs a core of leadership.

Experience has proved that some traditional industries must have a certain degree of traditional commodities, which is a loose mass of sand and inevitably become a "intangible cultural heritage".

Silk is the quintessence of our country, and the older generation of comrades is more sincere than the younger generation. In the past year, they also offer advice for the country.

With the establishment of the direction of China's socialist market economy and the development of global science, technology and social economy, the position and influence of silk in China's national economy is becoming smaller and smaller.

Moreover, the position and influence of silk in the countries and regions where the original main selling market is also weakening.

This is not because silk has not developed or stagnated in recent decades. First of all, many industries such as energy, pportation, construction, communications, environmental protection and other industries that support modern social and economic development have sprung up, and their importance in the national economic construction has been highlighted. Secondly, the new industrial revolution has taken place in other industries or fields.

For example, the popularization and application of biotechnology, such as agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fisheries, poultry, eggs, fruits, vegetables and tea, has greatly promoted the level of agricultural productivity and improved the diet of billions of people, so that everyone can feel that their living materials are constantly improving and enriching. Moreover, new agriculture has opened up and provided a wide range of raw materials for light industry, medicine and food industries.

In this process, mulberry silkworm breeding has been challenged by other agricultural breeding projects.

Moreover, the progress of material science and textile industry has not only got rid of the basic pattern of cotton wool and linen, but also made the machine and equipment get rid of the characteristics of labor-intensive industry, and made the final product's variety and color change rapidly in the "instant", which greatly improved the development space and efficiency of the textile and garment enterprises; especially the emergence and fine spinning of various new fibers made many fabrics close to silk in function, and the production cost was quite low.

The garments made of these fabrics, adapted to the fast pace of modern urban life, match the functions of mainstream washing and maintenance products and electrical appliances in today's life. They should be changed in the four seasons, and tide over the textile cabinet facing the shopping mall, which is very popular among consumers.

Silk is constrained by many weak points such as meticulous care, wrinkle and fading. It is difficult to popularize consumption and high production costs. This is an important reason why it is difficult to see or rarely see silk products in general stores.

When we deeply feel that technological progress and industrial revolution make people's material civilization and spiritual civilization develop rapidly and are everywhere in our real life, the industrial revolution brought about by modern scientific and technological achievements brings much less to the silk.

Similarly, the importance of silk in the state's foreign trade commodities can not be compared with the past.

In some silk producing areas, silk production has less contribution to local GDP and taxes than to the third industry.

Objectively speaking, silk production and commodity markets are obviously squeezed from all sides.

Silk production was first developed in western developed countries from prosperity to decline. For developing countries, it was then an opportunity to come. The first thing to achieve the pfer was mulberry silkworm breeding, and then weaving and dyeing.

Since reform and opening up, China has been developing rapidly for 30 years. In the past 30 years, China's silk industry, especially the silk industry and apparel industry, has developed rapidly. Its distribution pattern and enterprise scale have undergone profound changes. However, after the massive withdrawal of state assets, under the conditions of complete market economy, the survival condition of enterprises began to follow the principle of "survival of the fittest".

With the development of industrialization and urbanization in southeast coastal areas of China, especially in small towns, the mulberry sericulture has gradually shifted to the western region.

The west of China is on the brink of ASEAN and South Asian countries. It is the hot spot of world economic growth nowadays.

The central government has accelerated the economic construction in the central and western regions as the top priority of the 12th Five-Year plan, and the preferential policies and measures it accords are basically in line with the developed areas in eastern China.

It is foreseeable that the western region will soon usher in a new round of great opening up and development. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the migration of sericulture in the eastern part of China will appear in the central and western regions.

Therefore, the silk industry in eastern China is likely to decline like the western countries, and the protagonists of silk production will gradually be pferred to areas with more potential for survival and development.

Such an inference, today, is no longer a "worry".

The most obvious example is that there are fewer and fewer practitioners in all sectors of the silk industry in eastern China.

At least in the two provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang Province, almost all of the rural mulberry sericulture sericulture people are unable to go out to work, but the old and weak people who are left behind at home are mostly over 40 years old.

In the silk industry enterprises, the lack of skilled workers is a puzzle for enterprises. The head of the workshop, the operation backbone, the process designer, and the middle managers are generally old and unsuccessed.

Some historical ancestral crafts are also uninherited.

Some people worry that Wu Ling, a tribute from the Tang Dynasty, is likely to be seen only in the annals.

{page_break}

In the marketing process, young people who have knowledge of silk goods and trade talents can hardly exist. It is also very difficult for enterprises to cultivate a two party salesperson.

From the current situation of higher education, the problem is even more obvious: the professional schools with silk titles are completely gone, and even the professional departments in universities are gone.

Prior to that, in addition to two professional silk Institute of Zhejiang and Suzhou, there were sericultural or silk departments in several key agricultural colleges and universities. The system instilled education from basic theories such as planting mulberry, silkworm, silk, silk to flower design and so on, and trained valuable professional talents for China's Silk Industry today.

And today, after a few generations of pure silk education, the retreat from higher education, does it foreshadowed the future and destiny of the silk industry?

We should see that under the market economy condition, the two biggest factors that affect the silk industry are still the demand for cocoon supply and the demand for silk (finished or semi-finished products).

The supply of cocoon is inversely proportional to the price of cocoon and silk, and the demand situation is generally positively related to the supply price. But stable and reasonable supply price in turn plays a role in promoting demand, while the fluctuating and excessive supply price restrains the growth of demand, which is the general principle of economics.

The inhibitory effect of cocoon and silk prices on consumption will gradually appear this year.

In recent years, there have been a number of industrial chaos. The problem has been the fluctuation of cocoon silk price and the speculation in the market, which has greatly damaged the cocoon and silk productivity, and has also made many foreign businessmen who have long been operating Chinese silk lose confidence and finally lost the share of silk in textile products.

The reasons are not only natural disasters, but also the world economy.

However, to a large extent, the supply of raw materials and processing capacity in the industry are not matched for a long time.

Indeed, this is a difficult point, even in the era of planned economy.

Because cocoon production and scale are affected by different factors respectively, under the current conditions, the only manifestation of conflict and confrontation is extreme price, which is a highly damaging industry anarchism.

At present, there is an urgent need to explore a new mechanism that is innovative in thought, scientific in organization, perfected in function and standardized in behavior. According to the contradictory characteristics of various links in China's silk industry, the trade associations of various links of species, cocoons, silk and silk can be set up according to the general requirements of market laws. As soon as possible, we can learn from the experiences and lessons of industrial organizations in the past and draw on the advanced experience of foreign chambers of Commerce, and formulate rules for the operation of cocoons, silk and silk merchants in line with the socialist market economic system.

In this way, the problem of supply and demand of cocoons is agreed by the organization representing the cocoon (Agriculture) and the organization of the silk mill respectively. The supply of the factory silk is agreed by the organization representing the silk factory and the organization representing the silk mill, and the representative trader's organization.

...

From this, we can take into account and protect the interests of the upper and lower links, between supply and demand, so that the price of products can reflect the value to the greatest extent and minimize the conflicts of interests among all sectors in the industrial chain, so that most enterprises in the whole industry can develop smoothly and smoothly.

Trade associations should be made up of enterprises in the industry.

Leading enterprises should be allowed to produce large sales and have a leading role in the industry, and relevant departments at all levels should cooperate with each other to help them formulate relevant "game rules" and "delineate red lines".

The chamber of commerce plays a role as a bridge and link between enterprises and government, different sectors of the industry and enterprises. At the same time, under the market economy condition, the chamber of Commerce has strengthened the management of enterprises, leading the game between enterprises to a deeper, higher and broader commodity and market space. Those governments can not manage well, do not control things well, they should be returned to the chamber of Commerce, and the government's wishes can be pformed through the chamber of Commerce, so that the interests of the whole industry and even the society can be better maintained.

The chamber of commerce is a new and more scientific management system in the socialist market economy era. It has very important practical significance.

Industry is made up of enterprises, and enterprises are run by enterprises. Industries should also involve enterprises in decision-making.

Market operation calls for strong trade associations, hoping that the relevant trade associations will play a leading role in industry and coordination. The "two governor's pulse" needs to be opened up in the development of the industry. In the face of constantly changing complex situations, enterprises need to have organized social forces that take advantage of the situation and seek advantages and avoid disadvantages.

The research teams and research institutes in China's silk industry are basically technical. The social and economic aspects of the industry and the operation of enterprises, including the system and mechanism, especially the distribution of interests, and the supporting cooperation with related industries are totally absent.

While studying and implementing the spirit of the party in the fifth Plenary Session of the 17th CPC Central Committee, learning and understanding the proposal of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on formulating the Twelfth Five Year Plan for national economic and social development, we would like to ask: has anyone tried to put forward the plan for the silk industry in 12th Five-Year? How can the silk industry better carry out the "Scientific Outlook on Development" and enterprises successfully realize "pformation and upgrading"? There are twelve aspects in the party's 12th Five-Year plan proposal, many of which are closely related to my silk industry, which shows the scientific nature and practicality of the proposal.

How does the silk industry develop and how to integrate with all aspects of the 12th Five-Year plan and how to make the silk industry develop in parallel with other sectors and sectors of the national economy in 12th Five-Year? The relevant government departments should organize experts, scholars and industry organizations to conduct scientific research. From the perspective of long-term development and the height of the industry strategy, we should put forward the overall plan as a specific and practical measure for the development of the industry, and design some basic models for the development of enterprises as guiding opinions for the "province, block", links and operation of the industry.

In fact, faced with the predicament of the industry, many entrepreneurs are groping for their own way of development. This year, many enterprises extend their products to the fields of finished products, gifts and home textiles, which have never been involved, take the road of brand development, and some experts who are deeply in love with this career have put forward their own ideas.

In addition to Mr. Wang Zhuangmu mentioned above, academician Xiang Zhonghuai recently talked about the new idea of sericulture industry development.

At present, it is urgent for the departments concerned to focus on these sparks, to gather wisdom, and to put them scientifically, systematized and concretely for reference and reference in the operation of industries and enterprises.

Sericulture is the most basic part of the silk industry. It determines the quality and price level of all links through cocoon quality and cocoon price, and thus determines the benefit of the whole industry to a large extent.

In the early years, there were cocoon, silk, farming and industry integration - the mode of company plus farmers, and many enterprises were successful.

At present, a small number of enterprises have realized the linkage of multiple links, that is, the production of cocoons and silk, weaving and clothing, home textiles and other products in the same group company; and even some enterprises have established a supply base for cocoon silk in the Western producing areas, so they have shown strong strength in resisting market risks.

The unified and unified operation of the whole country has been a glorious history of China's silk industry.

However, in order to recover such a system in the future, there are still many insurmountable obstacles both in theory and in practice.

However, in some regions and regions, it is very possible to produce cocoon silk, agricultural, industrial and commercial integration entities.

If we have some advanced systems, innovative enterprises, distinctive products and large market share enterprises, together with the supply and demand enterprises of upstream and downstream products, which form a number of enterprise "aircraft carriers" and freely navigate the ocean market economy, then the resplendence of recasting the silk industry is not unattainable.

{page_break}

Recalling the past and looking forward to the future.

In the critical period of "11th Five-Year" and "12th Five-Year", the current priority task should be to formulate the "12th Five-Year plan" for the silk industry. In the planning, we should face both the existing problems and the scientific development ideas, adhere to the principle of "development is the absolute principle", implement the Scientific Outlook on Development, do well the pformation and upgrading of enterprises, strive to achieve the overall prosperity of the whole industry during the 12th Five-Year period, and get the enterprises in all sectors of the industry to get their own.

With regard to the key and difficult problems that exist in the economic and social aspects of the silk industry in the long run, it is better for the state to have permanent scientific research institutions to carry out research. It is better to put forward several related topics every year, or organize research by the government departments, or engage in bidding research for the society, and put forward decision-making measures, solutions and guidance on the basis of scientific research.

In addition, we need to innovate in planning, evaluating and forecasting the theory of the operation of the industry. Only under the guidance of correct theoretical thinking and making the industry run well can the overall development of the industry reach the maximum consistency with the macro and long-term goals of the national development, so that the silk industry will not lag behind in the development of the national economy.