Discussion On Environmental Problems Attached To Leather Products -- Volatile Compounds

Discussion about the Environmental Issues in Leather Gasket Ware-Volatile Compounds

(the project is the science and technology planning project of the AQSIQ, Project No.: 2008QK290).

Abstract: This paper mainly expounds the problem of volatile compounds (VOCs) in leather products.

The four aspects of origin, species and harm, regulations and testing methods were explained, and the importance of volatile compounds in leather products was pointed out.

Key word:

Abstract: the residual volatile compounds about environmental issues in leather gasket, in, "the", "the", "the", "the", "the".

Keywords: leather gasket ware; volatile compounds; detection method

Leather products are all or main parts made of leather and of practical value.

1 the source of volatile compounds coming from leather products.

The volatile compounds attached to leather products are inseparable from their production processes.

The use of leather products is different, and the technology used is also complex and diverse.

But in the production of leather products, it is inevitable to use more toxic organic solvents (such as toluene, two methyl formamide), a large number of Liming agents (organic amine) [2], leather degreasing agents (petroleum ether, trichloroethylene, dichloromethane, toluene, etc.) [3], soaking AIDS (such as fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether) [4], preservatives and fungicides (alcohols, organic amines) [5], pickling AIDS [6], surfactant [7], etc. most of these auxiliaries are organic compounds, which makes the probability of remaining organic compounds in leather products greatly increased.

Although most of the reagents will be removed during leather finishing, there are still a few residues in leather products. This is also the main cause of the stench of the leather products produced.

Therefore, manufacturers must constantly study new production processes and new environmental agents to replace the mentioned substances or improve the finishing technology, in order to fundamentally make leather products ecological and environmental protection.

2 types and hazards of volatile compounds in leather products

In the process of leather production, various auxiliaries and functional reagents need to be added to improve the quality of leather products and increase the ancillary value, which makes the kinds of substances remaining in leather products complex and the probability of the existence of harmful substances.

The types of compounds that may be released during the use of leather products due to light and heat are mainly [8-10], including aromatic hydrocarbons, aldehydes, esters, alkenes, alkanes, fatty acids, alcohols, amines, ketones, amides, halogenated hydrocarbons.

These substances can cause immune disorders, affect the central nervous system function, appear dizziness, headache, lethargy, weakness, chest tightness and other symptoms, may also affect the digestive system, lack of appetite, nausea, and so on, which is very harmful to people's health. In addition, the organic solvents N, N- methformamide used in leather production process cause poisoning [11] by respiratory tract or skin action in digestive system, reproductive system, immune system and kidney, and organs, and some volatile substances will be exposed to ultraviolet radiation when they are volatilized into the air, and then there will be chemical reactions to produce toxic substances.

3 regulations on the prevention of volatile compounds in leather products

The content of volatile compounds in leather products is an important link in evaluating the quality of leather products.

Many relevant laws and regulations at home and abroad have put forward requirements for them.

　　GB/T18883—2002 《室內空氣質量標準》對空氣質量參數(包含揮發性化合物含量)做出了限定;GB 21902—2008《合成革與人造革工業污染物排放標準》標準規定了合成革和人造革企業水和大氣污染物排放限值，檢測和監控要求等，并對苯、二甲苯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺等揮發性物質做出了限定;國家環境保護標準HJ 507-2009《環境標志產品技術要求 皮革和合成革》按產品最終用途將合成革和皮革分為嬰幼兒用品、直接接觸皮膚用品、非直接接觸皮膚用品三大類，對揮發性化合物的限量是≤100 mg/kg;DB50/144.2—2010《汽車內飾材料技術規范 第2部分：人造革》標準對人造革中的揮發性化合物的含量的限量是≤50 μgC/g;中華人民共和國出入境檢驗檢疫行業標準SN/T 2191-2008《進出口皮革皮毛產品安全技術規程》，規定進出口皮革皮毛產品異味的要求為≤3級(異味主要是試劑殘留引起的);德國

The "air pollution control technology guide" stipulates pollutants such as cyclohexanone, N, N- two methyl formamide, toluene and xylene are less than 11mg/m3; and ISO 16000-6 (2004) "Determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor indoor" the standard of "indoor air pollutants" has been clearly stipulated in the standard.

The above standards and related regulations have made the volatile compounds in leather products the focus of attention.

Determination of volatile compounds in 4 leather products {page_break}

The method for determining volatile compounds in leather products is basically the same as the volatile compounds in the indoor air environment, mainly including headspace chromatography, purge and trap method and thermal desorption method.

In order to achieve the gas-liquid equilibrium in the two phases, the quantitative gas is directly injected into the sample, and the latter is kept directly in the headspace bottle for a long time, so that the residual solvent can reach the gas solid equilibrium in the two phases, and the gas is determined quantitatively. The purging and catching method is to purge the sample in the purge pipe, purge the sample into the adsorption tube by directly blowing the carrier gas, and to carry out the enrichment by high temperature desorption direct gas phase or GC-MS. Headspace chromatography is divided into two types: liquid headspace and solid headspace. The former is to dissolve the sample in the appropriate solvent and put it in the empty bottle for a long time.

　　HJ 507—2009《環境標志產品技術要求 皮革和合成革》標準中對揮發性化合物的測試采用的是氣固頂空法、氣相質譜聯用儀進行測試，測定低限為0.5 mg/kg;HJ/T 400—2007《車內揮發性有機物和醛酮類物質采樣測定方法》中介紹了采用熱脫附/毛細管氣相色譜/質譜連用法測定揮發性化合物的方法，原理是用填充有固相吸附劑的采樣管采集一定體積的空氣樣品，將樣品中的揮發性有機組分捕集在采樣管中，采用干燥的惰性氣體吹掃采樣管后經二級脫附進入毛細管氣相色譜質譜聯用儀，進行定性定量分析，對單一揮發性有機組分的方法檢出下限為1.5μg/m3;揮發性化合物還可以用采樣袋-熱脫附-氣相色譜質譜法(Bag-TDS-GC-MS)和高效液相色譜法測定，前者是把較大的樣品直接放在采樣袋中密封，加熱使樣品中的揮發性化合物逸出，再通過采樣器采集采樣袋中的氣體，進氣相色譜-質譜

The latter is mainly used for the determination of aldehydes and ketones.

5 Conclusion

Leather products are important export products in China. Their quality and environmental protection indicators directly affect China's export trade.

At present, various environmental regulations abroad have been issued and the targets are becoming more and more stringent. This makes it necessary to pay attention to the problem of volatile compounds in leather products and eliminate harmful volatile compounds.

The use of harmless solvents and environment-friendly leather auxiliaries to produce, process and modify leather products is a way to make leather products do not affect the environment and health, and achieve the standard of eco leather products. It can solve the problem of smooth export and selling of leather products, and also open up a new world for the development of leather products in China.

Reference

[1] Song Qi. The six major trend of leather development in China [J]. Western leather, 2008, 30 (16):41.

[2] Peng Bi Yu. Pretreatment agent for leather making. V. Liming Agent [J]. leather science and engineering, 2000, 10 (3): 23-28.

[3] Peng Bi Yu. Pretreatment agent for leather tanning. Leather degreasing agent [J]. leather science and engineering, 2000, 10 (1): 21-25.

[4] Peng Bi Yu. Pretreatment agent for tanning III: water soaking agent [J]. leather science and engineering, 1999, 9 (4):34-38.

[5] Peng Bi Yu. Tannery pretreatment auxiliaries II preservatives and fungicides [J]. leather science and engineering, 1999, 9 (3): 53-56, 34.

[6] Peng Bi Yu. Pretreatment agent for leather making. Vi. Deashing agent and pickling agent [J]. leather science and engineering, 2001, 11 (2):24-29. [7] Ma Jianzhong, Chen Xinjiang, Liu Lingyun. Surfactants and high technology leather [J]. leather science and engineering, 2002, 12 (5): 27-32.

[8] Wang Boguang, Zhou Yan, Feng Zhicheng, et al. Study on the spectrum of organic compounds in particulate matter of leather factories [J]. environmental science, 2009,30 (4): 993-996.

[9] Wang Yanhua, Sheng Qin Qin, Qian Ya Ling.3 artificial leather fabric two methyl formamide pollution research [J]. Chinese Occupational Medicine, 2003, 30 (3), 56-57.

[10] Li Yanchun, Hou Lijie. Pollution and control of leather chemicals. [J]. Journal of Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, 2004, 22 (3):56-62.

[11] Fang Fugui, Ma Fuyun. A clinical analysis of 66 cases of acute two methylformamide poisoning, [J]. industrial health and occupational diseases, 2006, 26 (6): 361-362.