Extension Of Cotton Planting Technology: Planting Management

First, Plant Existing problems

Some farmers say that they are growing less and less. With the development of science, the adjustment of agricultural structure, the increasing number of new harmful organisms and the continuous updating of planting methods, and then the original management mode has not been adapted to, so the farmers should also strengthen their study of land. Only by changing the way of management in the past and improving their technical level, can we adapt to the development of agriculture and grow the land well. Only when we understand the problems in the current cotton production and come up with solutions, can we grow cotton and cotton can produce high yield.

1, varieties, chaos, miscellaneous.

Whole country Cotton seed 456, there are hundreds of cotton seeds on the market in our county, but there is no one family variety. There are no more than 30% varieties. Some of them have not passed the provincial examination. These varieties are poor adaptability, two are not pure, and three are low in insect resistance. This winter, some dealers invited people from Henan and Shandong to pretend to be experts from provincial and Municipal Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Their aim was to sell seeds. The seeds he sold were not many, and some of them were not suitable for my planting. However, some farmers believed that buying bags or dozens of bags was too blind. You can buy a few kinds of products. If you buy them, you will have to ask for more invoices in the coming year. If you have any problems, you can find out where the problem is. Check the Internet for this variety. Do not see any publicity to buy, this year there are two cases of fake cotton seeds, the first is the town of cotton 49 (short season cotton). The two is Wang Tong's 47 cotton plant. The plant type and bell type are different from those of the real cotton mill 47. For a good variety, to see the high yield, we must stabilize yield; two see insect resistance; three, look at stress resistance, such as drought resistance, lodging resistance and disease resistance. If a new variety is planted, it can be planted for 2~3 years. More than 2~3 varieties can be planted, because the varieties are selective for the year (climate).

2. Poor quality of soil preparation.

Some farmers are seven to eight, not smooth, 80% of the farmers are not deep, no autumn farmland, continuous rotation of the plough layer is too thin, too shallow, is not conducive to the root system, the seedlings are weak.

3. Large field density.

The farmers in our county are fond of seedlings, and are afraid of dead seedlings. The density is large, and seedlings are not allowed to pull out seedlings after planting. 5000~6000 acres are left behind, and the whole area is covered with dead air.

4, chemical control is unreasonable.

Now 95% of cotton is insect resistant cotton, all insect resistant cotton growth is strong, coupled with adequate water and fertilizer, cotton grows fast and thrive, so in seven or eight months, if the control is not good, light does not grow long peach, causing a large number of bolls and shedding. Foot pain can not be cured, hand pain should be treated, and whole process control should be carried out.

5. Less broken film and later.

The role of plastic film is to warm up and preserve moisture. By the year July, plastic film had no effect, and it had bad effect. The rain could not permeate, and the root system was not tied down, which affected the absorption of water and nutrients.

6. Disease and pest control is unreasonable.

Some farmers say that the same pests and diseases can be cured by others. How can I not be cured? The key is that the method is wrong. There are five reasons for this:

Drug varieties are not the right way. Insecticides can not cure diseases, drugs for curing diseases can not kill insects, fungicides do not cure bacterial diseases, fungal diseases for bacterial diseases, and foliar fertilizers do not cure diseases. Such as cotton Fusarium wilt disease is caused by fungi, and this year some farmers use agricultural streptomycin control, so the effect is not good, because agricultural streptomycin is killing bacteria. Some people used the foliar fertilizer with fertilizer to cure the disease. At that time, there was no long-term effect (fertilizer equivalent to liquid, no treatment).

2. Improper medication time. The activity rule of different diseases and insects is different. If the bug is not active before and after noon, it should be used before or after 10 a.m. or 5 p.m. The cotton bollworm has the worst resistance before 3 years of age, so it is best to use the bollworm at the peak of hatching period (below 3 years).

Chaos and pesticide are serious. Most of the pesticides are compound preparations. If you mix several pesticides together, the ingredients contain too much, and the pesticides are acidic and alkaline. If mixed properly, the effect is not only high, but may reduce the efficacy. Even burning the crops, such as this year's Temple Street North Street, a farmer mixed foliar fertilizer, pruning Bolin, insecticide mixed together to fight cotton, killing all 3 acres of cotton. (acidic pesticides include "1605", "DDV", phoxim, etc.), with alkaline sulphur mixture, wave liquid, ammonia, lime, etc.

The dosage of regulator and foliar fertilizer is too large. Foliar fertilizer can increase production, but not excessive. If the dosage is too large, it will cause fertilizer damage. Such as CCC, naphthalene acetic acid, gibberellin and so on, which are used more often without producing abscission layer, and the leaves become stiff and dry without death. Some cotton leaves become dark, green, thicker and crisp.

To control pests and diseases with unlabeled pesticides. Unlabeled pesticides can not be used, and easily lead to phytotoxicity after use.

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Two, in view of the above problems, how to manage well the cotton

1, fine soil preparation, adequate soil moisture. When sowing, soil moisture must be better. It is best to create soil moisture and sow. This is the key to seedling emergence. It is best to plough 2~3 times once a year, and then to cultivate farmland in autumn. This will kill some pathogens in the soil and destroy some pests. Deep ploughing and raking and rolling to prevent air permeability and moisture loss.

2. Applying base fertilizer 。 According to the soil fertility of our county, the plot of 500~600 kg of seed cotton per mu is 3~4 yuan per mu, 40~50 kg of ammonium carbonate, 40~50 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 10~15 kg of potash fertilizer and 2 kg of boron fertilizer. In addition, add a small amount of micronutrients, such as zinc, iron, and so on. Nitrogenous fertilizer is a kind of pipe growth. Phosphate fertilizer is the toughness of pipe straw. Potassium fertilizer is resistant to disease. Boron fertilizer can prevent the bud and bell from falling off and bear responsibility for each other. At present, the planting level of each household is different, and the soil fertility is different. Therefore, balanced fertilization should be balanced according to the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil. (for example: balanced fertilization, soil testing and formula fertilization).

3. Chemical weeding before planting. There are many weeds in the cotton field, such as creeping grass, water barnyard grass, purslane, wormwood, wormwood, three grass, etc. now, the commonly used herbicide is 48% fluoralin, which is good for killing grass, but some farmers say no. I went to the countryside to investigate more than a dozen farmers, and found that all the households who failed to produce the effect were wrong. Two, there was a problem with pesticide quality and poor emulsification. The correct usage is: after leveling and leveling, evenly spray the pesticide on the ground surface, use 150 to 200ml per mu, then fork two times, let the medicine mix with the soil evenly, the depth should not exceed 5cm, and then it can be sowed. Do remember to spray the medicine evenly. Otherwise, cotton will be damaged if there is more medicine, causing a pimple on the base of the cotton plant. For the sake of safety, a new herbicide on the membrane, 50% membrane spirit, has been developed, which uses 150~180 per mu.
Ml, directly sprayed on the plastic film, and absorbed all kinds of weeds that have just been unearthed through the absorption of plastic film. The medicine is effective, economical and safe.

4, choose superior species. Soil, fertilizer, water, species, density, conservation, management and industry, the seed plays a decisive role. With suitable local varieties and careful management, cotton will be able to produce high yield. Good cotton varieties suitable for planting in our county include asbestos Nongda 8, Yuying 6, GK - 3, 197, Han 368, heap 188, cmiq 47, Feng Kang 1, hybrid cotton 98~1, etc.

Asbestos Nongda 8: strong resistance to disease, especially high resistance to cotton blight, Verticillium wilt, good insect resistance, good quality, white cotton, high lint (41.5%), more than 10 Fen yuan more than ordinary cotton, stable growth, no crazy branches, the whole growth period to pick up once, on the lower peach, ring bell concentrated, not premature decay, yield of 700 kg or so, in Hengshui, Cangzhou, Xingtai, Handan first.

Yuying No. 6: a medium early maturing variety, with a high germination rate, strong main stem, few branches, and only a top. Generally, there are about 30 bolls per plant, large bolls and 6.5 grams of single bolls, up to 8 grams. Cotton white, easy to pick, early maturity, no premature decay, frost before flower, drought, salt and alkali resistance, resistance to wilt, Verticillium wilt, generally yield about 750 Jin.

5. Seeding before planting. The seed germination rate increased by 15% before planting, and some seeds were killed by hair seeds.

6, timely sowing. The sowing time is too early, the temperature is low, the seeds are rotten easily, the sowing is too late, and the plastic film can not play a role. In my county generally sowing around April 20th, sowing depth of 2~3 cm.

7, timely seedling setting. When cotton has 4 pieces of leaves, it is necessary to set seedlings. If it is too late, it will easily form a tall foot seedling. According to the characteristics of the varieties, according to the output, the average yield per mu is 500 kg, and the seed cotton is about 4000 seedlings, and the yield of more than 600 catties is about 3000. Last year, Duqiao town Cho Chao gang had just launched three demonstration fields, all of which were Yuying No. 6, planting in rows and rows, 90 centimeters in large rows and 45 centimeters in small rows. The number of plants per mu is about 3000, and the yield of seed cotton is 662 Jin per mu, while the cotton field country of the same species with 4200 plants per mu is only 497 Jin per mu, which means that high yield can not be planted densely.

7. Seedling management

Seedling management: there are mainly bacterial wilt, anthrax, and red rot. Rhizoctonia solani is black at the base and roots of the stem; Anthracnose has brown spots on its leaves; red rot rotts roots and red spots on its leaves.

Prevention and control methods: first, hoeing, breaking the knot, warming up and preserving moisture. Two is to use grasses or two chlorofluoruric acid 10 grams of water spray, the effect is very good, three days effective, also can add 0.2% urea root irrigation, the effect is better.

2. Insect pests at seedling stage. There are mainly seedling aphids, thrips, tigers and so on.

Tigers: one is to harm cotton seeds and buds; two is to harm cotyledons, leaves are eaten into many holes or missing, similar to the symptoms of the bug bug; three, the top is cut off to form multi headed cotton; four, the cotton seedling base is bitten off.

Control methods: the seedlings should be mixed with phoxim or PHP and bran and cottonseed cake to form poison bait, and sprinkle around the cotton plant. After the seedlings are fixed, they can be treated with poison.

Seedling aphid: aphids occur 20~30 generations a year, from mid May to the end of July, which are mainly harmful to leaves.

Thrips: there are 6~10 generations in a year. The sun is inactive. After the leaves are damaged, there are little white spots. They are severely scorched. The top is black after they are killed, and they shrink together to form cotton or cotton.

Aphids and thrips can be used to control aphid mites or aphids and kill them. They can also be killed by a powerful hero, imidacloprid and pyridamidum, and their duration can last for 7~10 days.

8. Bud management

Early dressing. After the emergence of cotton, the amount of fertilizer needed increased, and the cotton fields with poor seedling and weak soil fertility should be topdressing in time. The average yield of urea was 10 kg and 5 kg of potash fertilizer.

2. Pruning. From a scientific point of view, it is advocated to simplify pruning instead of pruning, except for hybrid cotton, there is no unpruned cotton seed. When we see fruit branches and leaf branches, we must remove the branches of leaves, but retain the large leaves at the lower part of the main stem. There are 1~2 leafy branches where there are gaps for seedlings.

Third, whole process control. In order to control the growth of cotton, it is necessary for rational use of drugs and the use of DPC. For the first time in the bud stage, 1~2 grams per quarter of actin were used per acre, second grams per mu during the buds, and 3~4 grams per mu during the third flowering season at the 2~3 bud. If the growth is too strong, it can be 5~10 grams of CCC, and the effect is very good.

Cotton bollworm. The two generation of insect resistant cotton is generally not controlled. For example, if there are more than 15 larvae of 3 instar larvae, it is necessary to prevent and control them. The three or four generation of cotton bollworm must be prevented and treated. It can be prevented and treated by big kangdali, cotton worm, Qing insect Dan and a cover sweep.

A blind bug. There are more than 20 species of bug bugs. There are three species in our county, mainly the green bug, which can reduce output by 10 to 15%. <