Plant Printing And Dyeing Make The Fabric More Colorful.

Botany dyestuff Since the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, there have been historical records in the history of China. In the Qin Dynasty, there were management departments such as dyeing department, dyeing house in Tang and Song Dynasties, and indigo in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Extract mineral and plant dyes from nature and call them green, yellow, red, white and black. During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, dyeing technology was constantly improving. In the palace handicraft workshop, there are full-time officials who "dye people" to "palm the grass" and manage dyeing production. The color is also increasing. In the Han Dynasty, dyeing technology reached a fairly high level. Most dyes used for dyeing in ancient China are mainly natural minerals or plant dyes. The ancient primary colors are green, red, yellow, white and black. They are called "five colors" and can be mixed with primary colors to obtain "multicolor (multiple colors)".

Cyan is mainly made from indigo blue extracted from bluegrass. There are many kinds of bluegrass that can make indigo. In ancient times, it used Isatis indigotica, and gradually discovered indigo blue, such as Polygonum blue, Ma Lan, wood blue, amaranth and so on. In ancient China, red was called red, and orange red was red. China's dyed red is not originally a plant dyestuff but a mineral dyestuff. It is made from hematite powder and later used with cinnabar (mercuric sulfide). Use them to give Fabric Dyed with poor fastness. Zhou Dai began to use madder. Its root contains alizarin, and alum as a mordant can dye red. From the Han Dynasty, a large scale planting of madder. But madder is not red but dark soil red. Later generations gradually invented the safflower dyeing technology and obtained bright red. Yellow, mainly in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. Gardenia jasminoides fruit contains yellow pigment of "gardic acid" and "crocus acid". It is a direct dye and yellow and red light. After the northern and Southern Dynasties, yellow dyestuffs include rehmannia, Sophora japonica, Phellodendron Amur, Jiang Huang and zhe Huang. The fabric dyed with zhe yellow has a reddish yellow color in the moonlight. It appears reddish brown under candlelight and its color is dazzling. Therefore, it has become the emperor's costume since the Sui Dynasty. After the Song Dynasty, the emperor's yellow robe was evolved. The ancient black plants were mainly oak, acorn, gallnut, persimmon leaf, holly leaf, chestnut shell, lotus seed shell, rat tail leaf and Sapium leaf. China began to use it from the Zhou Dynasty until modern times before it was replaced by dyes such as sulphur black. After mastering the method of dyeing primary colors, then different dyes can be obtained through dyeing.

With the continuous improvement and development of dyeing technology, dyeing with vegetable dyes in ancient China textile Color is also constantly enriched. Some people have made chromatographic analysis of silk fabrics in the Tang Dynasty unearthed in Turpan. There are 24 kinds of colors, including red, red, scarlet, crimson, and purplish red; yellow has yellowish brown, chrysanthemum yellow, apricot yellow, golden yellow, yellowish brown and brown tea; green and blue have egg white, azure, turquoise, blue, blue, green, green, green, green, green, green, dark green. By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the application technology of dyestuff has reached a considerable level in China. During the Qianlong period, some people described the dyeing house in Shanghai: "dyed workers have blue squares, azure, light green, white under the moon; red houses, dyed red and pink; there are bleaching houses, dyed yellow and rough white; there are motley houses, dyed yellow, green, black, purple, shrimp, green, and Buddha gold." In addition, more sophisticated printing technology has also developed. Until 1834, before the invention of Perot printing machine in France, China has always had the most developed manual printing and dyeing technology in the world.