Knowledge Of Machinery And Equipment: Basic Introduction Of Shearing Machine

< p > 1. The purpose of shearing is < /p >.
< p > > a href= "http://www.91se91.com/news/" > velvet fabric < /a > after weaving, twisting or raising, the surface of fuzz fibers is different from each other, sometimes it is necessary to trim the plush; or the knitted terry fabric needs to cut and cut the surface Terry, which is the purpose of the shearing machine. The shearing process can be generally divided into pre (initial) scissors, end (fine) scissors and fancy scissors. Pre shearing can reduce the one-time shearing pressure and ensure the final shear quality for the final shear. Flower scissors are used to cut out the desired pattern of suede, depending on the type of knife. < /p >
< p > two, the general composition of shearing machine is < /p >.
< p > Zhang Ligun (tight frame): located in the front of the machine, it controls the tension of the fabric by adjusting the size of the roll body and the wrapping angle of the fabric. < /p >
< p > brushing device: before brushing, the fabric can brush off the surface of the floating fibers and debris, pull out the embedded wool fibers, straighten the direction of the plush, and help to trim the fuzz. A wire brush with a bristle or nylon soft brush and a broom card clothing. The soft brush is gentle and the wire brush is strong. Choose according to fabric process requirements. < /p >
< p > hot roller: make the fiber ironed under the hot pressure. The curling part is initially extended to straighten the direction of the plush, which is good for shearing. < /p >
< p > blow roller: generally used for wing type, used for striking and loosening fabric suede and removing debris. But the force is not strong enough to achieve the effect of twisting or carding. < /p >
< p > distribution roller (expansion roller): the general form is a screw enlarging plate, a screw expanding roller, a bending roll expanding device, a telescopic plate expanding device, a conical roller expanding device, etc. The commonly used thread expanding rollers on the shearing machine (active or passive, expanding or expanding the reverse side), are made of cars and wound. As the roller surface and the surface of the fabric slide relative to each other, the thread opening produces a zonal component on the friction force of the fabric. The factors affecting the spreading efficiency are: warp tension of the fabric; relative linear velocity of the surface; the size of the package angle; the ground characteristics of the fabric; the shape of the thread section and the size of the helix angle (usually 15). ) and lead range (usually 24~48mm). < /p >
< p > guide roller: generally there is a leading roller that determines the speed of the fabric (in the rear of the shearing area), and the speed difference between the brake roller and the front of the shearing area can adjust the fabric tension in the shearing area. < /p >
< p > spiral circular knife and knife: require higher hardness, good dynamic balance, roundness and straightness, fit sharp cutting edges, proper positive pressure, good surface finish and lubrication. Circular knives (commonly used 148, 185), knife number (commonly used 20, 24), shearing efficiency can be measured by the number of times per unit length. < /p >
< p > N (sub /cm) = [circular knife speed r/minx blade number] / [cloth speed m/minx100] < /p >
< p > it can be seen that the higher the number of blades, the higher the efficiency, but a certain blade spacing (20~45mm) is conducive to the fiber entering the shear and dust removal, and reducing the friction between the two knives. With the increase of straight line, the relative speed of the two knives is increased, which is good for cutting, but the friction between the two knives is aggravated. The shear force can be decomposed into tangential force and axial slip force due to a tilting angle between the circular blade and the flat knife. The tattoo on the blade can prevent the axial slip of the fiber effectively. The thickness of the file (the number of teeth per centimeter length) is related to the variety and technological requirements of the cut fabric. Generally speaking, the finer the tooth is, the better the flatness of the fuzz is, and the more suitable for cutting the fine soft fur. The choice of flat knives is related to the raw material properties of the cut fabric, requiring high flatness, good resilience and abrasion resistance. In addition to selection, the grinding and grinding of the two knives is very important, and the quality must be strictly controlled according to the technological procedures. The flat tool holder should have higher rigidity and no quiver on starting. < span style= "font-family: song body; font-size:small >".
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< p > supporting knife (support frame): make the shearing fabric reach sharp bending and turning point when running to the corner of the supporting tool tip, and the tension of the outer layer changes the wool fiber into the knife edge to facilitate the fixed length shearing. Higher straightness, parallelism with knife edge (adjustable) and better wear resistance are required. We have three different kinds of knives with different cutting edge shapes to be adapted to different kinds of fabrics. In addition to the shape of the edge, other structural forms can also change the shearing effect and style. For example, some designs the air passage in the supporting seat. When the fabric passes through, there is a high-pressure air blow out, so that the fuzz is set up for cutting easily. Some of the knives are designed to control different units of height and cut out the suede faces with different patterns. Suction: the suction hood is installed at the cutting edge, which mainly sucks the cut debris. The negative pressure chamber formed by the suction can make the felt better fit with the circular knife, which is beneficial to even lubrication. The fast flowing air is conducive to the cooling and cooling of the knife edge. Because of the high speed rotation of circular knives, the air flow around them will produce a certain blowing effect on the fibers, so that the villi will be lodged or cut away from the cut. Strong suction effect can eliminate or balance this blowing effect, so that the villi stand up and enter the knife edge. While ensuring enough power of suction fan, attention should also be paid to avoiding excessive friction resistance of felt to circular knives. In the design of the hood shape, we should also take into account the different direction of axial air flow caused by the different left and right direction of the spiral knife. Linoleum: because of the close contact between the circular knife and the flat knife and the high speed sliding friction, if the lubrication is not good, the blade will produce high temperature, which will aggravate the wear and tear even annealing and softening. The surface of a circular knife is covered with an oil immersed felt (usually wool felt with good oil absorbency), which requires the whole thread to be laminated. The functions are as follows: continuously supplying lubricating oil for the circular knives, forming vacuum suction cavity, cooling knife edge, shock absorption and so on. There is a certain requirement for the viscosity of lubricating oil. 20~30 oil is generally recommended. Metal detector: used to detect metal entrainment in the entire width of the fabric before shearing area to protect clippers. Advanced products can display metal stop position, easy to find and reduce downtime. < /p >
< p > joint detector: the thickness of the fabric seams is suddenly increased, and the detector is alerted by the detector to remind the operator to raise the knife to let the seam to protect the hair clipper. Or automatic lifting tool, but must control the length of cloth to reduce waste. < /p >
< p > Electric edge absorber (plain cloth guide) (selection part): prevent the fabric from producing offset and curling. < /p >
< p > return device (selection part): prevent the fabric from producing the left and right deviation. < /p >
< p > electrostatic eliminator (selection): eliminate static electricity from fabric. < span style= "font-family: song body; font-size:small >".
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< p > three, < a href= "http://www.91se91.com/news/index_c.asp" > shearing process < /a > /p >
< p > fabric is different in style and style, and the processing technology required is different. For example: < /p >
< p > plain cut velvet: the fabric should be pre shearing first, then sizing, polishing and fining. The products require suede leveling, Mo Nobunao, loose, good gloss and feel. Because the light can make the wool fibers curl up and dry heat elongation, the pre shearing height is lower than the final shearing height by 1~2mm, so that the load can be lightened and the gloss of the fuzz can be maintained at the end. < /p >
< p > imitation fur plush (plush): the suede has a good sense of layering, the surface bristles, the middle hair are flat, and the bottom down has a shrinkage layer. Pre cut wool must be cut flat at all levels. The shrinkage of the bottom fabric will be contracted during sizing, and the fibers will stretch and straighten after finishing. In this way, we can achieve the level effect of natural fur. < /p >
< p > imitation lamb: normal products are pilling directly after pre shearing and sizing. The size of the POM ball is affected by the height of the cut and the thickness of the fabric. When the wool height is fixed, the POM of heavy fabric is smaller, and the POM of light fabric is larger. < /p >
< p > velvet knitted fabric: knitted terry tissue is cut into a straight surface, and the grey fabric is washed by water (or dyed), steam dried and then cut. The yarn has good heat shrinkability and high strength. The Terry is usually made of cotton yarn, blended yarn, rayon or polyester yarn according to the requirements of wearing. The twist is low and even, and the weaving height is 2.5~3.1mm. Shearing is usually done two times. < /p >
< p > the factors affecting the final shearing effect of the fabric are not only the rationality of the technological process, but also the manufacturing quality and operation adjustment methods of the shearing machine itself, among which the selection and adjustment of the shearing knife and supporting knife are particularly important (see the relevant operation rules). There are also: < /p >
< p > the influence of the direction of fuzz: the weave state of different fabrics determines that the plush has a certain direction. Mao Rongshun cut his hair on the machine, and the fibers became fascicular. Reverse machine shearing, fiber easy to loose, cut after the suede is flat. Fabric impact: the heavier the plush, the greater the shearing load, the more difficult it is to cut the wool. The thicker the wool is, the better the rigidity is, the easier it is to cut. The finer the fiber is, the less rigid it is, and it is not easy to erect and disperse. The suede surface is not easy to cut flat. < /p >
< p > swimming shearing: in order to avoid the fixed wear of the circular knife and knife, protect the edge and improve the efficiency, sometimes the circular knife moves sideways when shearing. < /p >
< p > knife adjustment: the cutting scissors of the general scissors are above the supporting blade. The effect of the villi is the best. The distance between the two knives determines the shearing height. For the fabric that is not easy to erect, our experience is to move the edge of the knife to the rear of the supporting blade, and use the circular blade to move the fuzz into the shear. The distance between the cutting edge and the cutting edge determines the shearing height. < span style= "font-family: song body; font-size:small >".
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< p > < a href= "http://www.91se91.com > > shearing machine < /a > according to usage can be divided into two categories: mobile and fixed. The former is suitable for flowing shearing in the pastoral area, and the latter is suitable for large herding farms where sheep are concentrated. According to the driving mode, it can be divided into 3 types: mechanical, electric and pneumatic. The machine is suitable for no power pasturing area. It is driven by a diesel engine, a gasoline engine or a tractor power output shaft, and drives a number of scissors to operate simultaneously through a flexible shaft or a joint shaft type transmission device. The electric motor is driven by a small motor through a flexible shaft or a joint shaft transmission device to drive a shearing head operation, or a micro motor is installed in the cutting head handle, and a movable blade is driven by a transmission gear. The pneumatic type uses the compressed air mixed with the lubricating oil to drive the motor in the cutting head handle to make the moving blade swing repeatedly to shear. The gas can not only lubricate and cool the moving parts, but also blow away the sand and dirt mixed with the blades or the wool, thereby prolonging the service life of the blades. < /p >
< p > shearing unit is composed of a power machine, a transmission part, a shear head and a sharpening device. When shearing, the power is driven by the transmission part to make the movable blade on the shear head swing reciprocally, and the wool is cut by using the shearing action of the moving blade and the fixed blade (i.e. the comb bottom plate). A pressure mechanism is also arranged on the cutting head to regulate the pressure exerted by the moving blade on the fixed blade. After cutting the blade edge, it can be re sharpened on the sharpening device. The sharpening device is a wheel driven by power. When grinding, the blade is fixed on the sharpener, so that the blade is attached to the grinding wheel. < /p >
< p > in order to solve the problems of quick wear, large noise and large vibration of the clipper blades, and to improve the shearing efficiency, the following aspects are studied: (1) improving the speed, material and machining accuracy of the shearing machine; secondly, adopting new materials and new processes, such as nylon flexible shaft instead of multi-layer steel flexible shaft, etc.; 3. Improving the sharpening device, using long hook grinder and magnetic grinder rack to improve the quality of the sharpening knife; 4. Adopt a new shearing method, such as using drugs to make the wool fall off, use the laser shearing machine or the automatic shearing machine controlled by the computer. < /p >
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