Cotton Industry Survey In Xinjiang In 2014

More than half a year's Cotton Subsidy Policy is finally coming out in Xinjiang. September 17th, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region The government announced the implementation plan of the Xinjiang cotton target price reform pilot program, determined that the target price level of cotton in Xinjiang this year was 19800 yuan / ton, and the state made the "Cotton Subsidy" to Xinjiang cotton formally.

According to the pilot scheme, the issuance of cotton target price subsidies will be carried out in accordance with the verified cotton planting area and seed cotton sale volume. 60% of the central subsidy fund will be subsidized by area, and 40% will be subsidized according to the actual seed cotton sale volume. The subsidy standard for special cotton (including long staple cotton and colored cotton) is executed 1.3 times according to the subsidy standard approved by the government of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

Xinjiang's cotton output has ranked first in the country for 20 consecutive years, and is the most advantageous cotton producing area in China. Cotton direct subsidy rules affect tens of millions of cotton farmers' nerves. Xinjiang ended its continuous cotton purchase and storage for many years, and began to make direct subsidy to cotton farmers. What is the impact of this major policy change on the development of Xinjiang's cotton industry this year? From May to early September, the author conducted a survey of Xinjiang cotton market for more than a hundred days.

Direct subsidy landing:

Affect tens of millions of cotton farmers cotton enterprises "nerve"

In the first half of this year, sales of lint and cotton by-products were basically stagnant due to the failure of the implementation plan. In May 13th, the price of lint 2226 in Akesu was 15500 yuan / ton, 1227 yuan 16500 yuan / ton, and the price showed a downward trend. The price of long staple cotton has dropped sharply. The prices of 137, 237 and 236 grade long staple cotton in local enterprises in Akesu are 32500 yuan / ton, 31600 yuan / ton, 30700 yuan / ton respectively, down 300 yuan / ton compared with a week ago.

Previously, the survey was based on area subsidies or production subsidies. Cotton grower There are different understandings. Most of the cotton farmers in Northern Xinjiang agree with the area subsidy, while most cotton farmers in southern Xinjiang welcome output subsidies. "Subsidize by area, if we catch up with the bad harvest year, we are sure to lose money." Ceng Xiaoming, a cotton grower in Luntai County, said. The decision to subsidize the target price accords with the wishes of most cotton farmers in the north and south.

Since the announcement of Xinjiang's cotton target price subsidy of 19800 yuan / ton in 2014 this year, there has been a divergence in the interpretation of the target price. Most cotton growers in North and South Xinjiang believe that the price of 19800 yuan / ton is the cost price of seed cotton sold to the cotton mill, and the price is converted to the current seed cotton price. The purchase price of seed cotton with a 40% lint rate should not be less than 8.80 yuan / kg, which is also more cost-effective than the purchase and storage. Most ginning mills believe that the price of 19800 yuan / ton is the selling price of lint, that is, the price of the cotton mill sold to the textile mill, which includes the processing and transportation cost of 1000~1200 yuan / ton. According to this calculation, the purchase price of seed cotton is around 8.20 yuan / kg. In recent days, the NDRC has made it clear that the selling price of lint is 19800 yuan / ton.

The control of cotton quotas will directly affect the way out for cotton in Xinjiang. For textile enterprises, quotas are definitely not better than quota because quota is not only related to cost reduction, but also involves cotton blending. During the interview, many enterprises indicated that if there was no quota, they could only choose to put in the cotton reserves, and the competitiveness of small textile enterprises would be further weakened. However, large textile enterprises would choose to replace the foreign high-grade cotton with Xinjiang cotton.

　 Cotton farmers figured out:

Intensive production is a major trend.

According to information from Xinjiang Cotton Association, several strong winds in 4~5 months this year have affected cotton production. "In a strong wind, almost all the cotton plants were killed." Zhu County, a cotton grower in Luntai County, said that his family's 220 mu of cotton had been harvests this year. Improving the ecological environment and resisting natural disasters have become the consensus of cotton farmers in North and South Xinjiang. An expert from the Economic Crops Research Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences said that the climate of cotton affected the southern Xinjiang larger than that of the northern Xinjiang. Generally speaking, where the windbreak belt is well constructed, the stable yield of cotton is high.

A set of data provided by the Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences shows that the biggest cost of planting cotton in Xinjiang is the cost of harvesting labor. According to the calculation of 330 kilograms, the cost of picking up fees plus additional additional labor costs can reach 850 yuan, plus the general production management 100 yuan / mu ~120 yuan / mu, the labor cost reaches 975 yuan / mu, accounting for nearly 40% of the total cost.

The survey found that cotton farmers in Xinjiang are trying to cope with the risk of cotton market by raising their yields and reducing costs. There are three main ways for Xinjiang cotton growers to increase their yields and reduce their costs: first, the large-scale popularization of machine harvested cotton and large agricultural implements; two, the promotion of new cotton varieties with high yield; and three, the promotion of some advanced cotton planting technologies and models such as water-saving irrigation and precision seeding. Feel that the cost of harvesting will greatly increase the Shawan cotton farmers often learn to cut costs, this year will grow more than 200 mu of cotton, most of the machine into cotton picking mode. Under normal conditions, the daily harvested seed cotton of a cotton picker is equivalent to the labor volume of 500 people, and the comprehensive cost of each mu can be reduced by more than 200 yuan. Compared with the artificial picking, the cotton planting households can reduce the cost by nearly 200 yuan per mu. Often learn to say that large-scale cultivation of cotton, machine picked cotton is the only way. Shawan County Liu Mao Wan Town agricultural machinery station a person in charge said that the promotion of large agricultural machinery, improve labor productivity is the best option for cotton farmers. From the southern Xinjiang to the northern Xinjiang, whether it is the agricultural leadership or cotton farmers, the cost consciousness is stronger than ever before. Cotton farmers never put their labor into the cost. Now, different cotton farmers will put their labor into the cost. A township agricultural technology station stationmaster said that cotton farmers are keenly aware that raising the unit yield and reducing the cost of cotton production is the only way to deal with the sharp fluctuations in cotton prices and market risks. Cotton production in Xinjiang will be rapidly intensified in the next 10 years.

The age structure of cotton growers is an important part of cotton research. This content is very difficult to investigate cotton industry in the past. The development of cotton industry in Xinjiang is a decisive factor. A total of 24 questionnaires were distributed throughout the survey, and 8 villages were randomly selected from Hutubi, Manasi and Sha Wansan counties. The respondents were mainly local cotton growers, and did not involve Corps. Because the degree of intensification of the regiment has been quite high, and the small peasant economy of the local household is a major obstacle to the development of Xinjiang's cotton industry. Taking Banqiao Village in Liumao bay town as an example, Lv Dafu, the village head, told reporters that the village area of Banqiao Village was more than 4000 mu, mainly planting cotton, 407 people, 61 elderly people over 60 years old, 126 students, 22 people aged ~35 years old, only 8 people engaged in cotton production, and a large part of cotton farmers aged 40 years old ~60 years old, including 50 year old ~60 year old cotton Nongda more than 70 people. Wang Jianbing, a 35 year old cotton grower, is also a large agricultural household. He is very confident in planting cotton. He planted more than 400 mu of cotton this year. Besides picking, almost all fields are mechanized. "If I were to plant more than 4000 acres of land in the village, two or three of us would be able to plant them. There was no need for so many people."

Judging from the present situation, in the next 10 years, nearly 30% of cotton farmers will withdraw from cotton production, and the speed of land circulation will be accelerated. It will be a general trend for Xinjiang's rural cotton production to operate from a small scale to intensive management.

Cotton farmers "three expectations":

Direct subsidy, information guidance and supporting services.

The basic idea of cotton farmers in Xinjiang is also the main content of this survey. During the visit, there are six major issues related to cotton prices and information services. Almost all cotton farmers interviewed have chosen the following three items: first, cotton prices are rising steadily and cotton is in direct repair; two, we hope to get the expected research and related information services related to the cotton industry; three, we hope that the government will guide the promotion of supporting services for the production of large agricultural machinery and other cotton plants.

The expectation and opinion of the market and most cotton growers on the direct subsidy policy is whether the direct subsidy policy can be put in place. If the implementation is not in place, it will cause serious harm to cotton farmers and enterprises. Fortunately, while formulating a pilot scheme, Xinjiang has also formulated corresponding supporting systems to prevent enterprises from acquiring subsidized funds.

At present, direct subsidy is basically in line with the cotton farmers' psychology. When implemented, the cotton planting area in Xinjiang can be maintained to a certain extent, so that Xinjiang will maintain a certain influence on the international cotton prices. At the same time, cotton prices will be integrated with the international market and increase the market competitiveness of enterprises.

Peng Dengping, a cotton grower, said: "my family has more than 60 acres of land, cotton, melon or tomatoes. It's hard for us to decide if government departments can give us some information, we don't have to worry about what to plant every year." Now it seems that increasing the expected research and promotion of new cotton varieties, new technologies and speeding up the matching of cotton industry will be a major issue for the government's cotton industry management departments in the future.

　　 Xinjiang cotton is in action:

Improving quality and reshaping Cotton Brand

In the Symposium on improving cotton quality in Xinjiang production and Construction Corps, cotton planting farms, processing enterprises and circulation enterprises will upgrade quality as a magic weapon to ease sales pressure, and try to upgrade the quality to meet the challenges brought by policy changes and promote the healthy development of the cotton industry.

According to expert analysis, in recent years, despite the promotion of cotton pickup and cotton production cost, the Corps has improved the benefits of cotton planting in recent years. However, Xinjiang has a long haul distance and high cost of material and material costs. In the short term, the idea of reducing the cost and enhancing the competitiveness of the cotton market is not very realistic, especially in the face of the sudden cotton target price pilot reform policy. In recent years, only in improving cotton quality has potential been explored. At the symposium, Zhang Linze, director of the supply and marketing cooperatives of the Corps, was more blunt: "as long as the quality is good, and not worried about selling, the key is quality, and quality is the key task of selling cotton this year."

As the most important commercial cotton production base in the country, the corps cotton was once the best seller in the market, but it still needs to be paid for the quality. Tang Cheng cotton Co., Ltd., located in Xinjiang, Shihezi, compared the quality of American cotton, Australian cotton, corps cotton and hand picked cotton used in 2012. Whether it is machine picked cotton or hand picked cotton, its fiber length, nep and short staple rate and foreign fiber are obviously inferior to imported cotton, which means that if the quality of cotton is not improved, the Corps's cotton will no longer have a competitive advantage in the market.

In view of the cotton quality problem of corps, Kong Jun, director of the Agricultural Bureau of corps, said that in recent years, the Corps vigorously promoted the machine picked cotton, reduced the cost of cotton and increased the benefit of planting cotton. But because of the incomplete mining mode and processing system and the temporary storage and storage for 3 consecutive years, the cotton producers' low yield fields and second cotton fields were not.