Science And Technology Is The First Productive Force And The Strategic Choice Of Technological Innovation.

Innovation is the soul of a nation's progress, and technological innovation strategy decides and commander's innovative behavior.

At present, China's low level of economic development, production technology, backward science and technology, and less investment in science and technology, we believe that we should implement the technology innovation strategy based on imitation and innovation and take the lead in innovation.

First, innovation strategy and imitation innovation strategy can be categorized from different angles. From the time sequence of innovation, it can be divided into lead innovation and imitation innovation, and accordingly, the strategy of lead innovation and imitation innovation.

The first innovation strategy is to pursue technological innovation strategy in the world, which is technology leading, product leading, market leading, and establishing and maintaining competitive advantage.

The strategy of imitative innovation is the core technology of the best innovators, such as purchasing, deciphering, etc., to study and improve, and to produce competitive products, such as performance, quality and price, to compete with the pioneered pioneer and gain an innovative strategy for economic benefits.

The advantage of the first innovation strategy is that it is far ahead in technology and can gain monopoly profits over a period of time.

But implementing the strategy of taking the lead in innovation requires a series of conditions.

In recent decades, the major technological innovation in the world mainly came from the multinational corporations in the developed countries. 1.

At present, science and technology investment in developed countries such as the United States, Japan and other developed countries account for more than 90% of the world's total, and the investment in science and technology of pnational corporations in these countries generally exceeds 60% of the national scientific and technological input.

The strong input in technology is the foundation for these big companies to take the lead in innovation.

For example, in the early 60s, it entered the third generation of integrated circuit electronic computers and invested a total of 5 billion US dollars, equivalent to the first three nuclear bombs of the United States.

The investment is unprecedented, so that "once the research and development fail, IBM will no longer exist".

IBM innovating at the cost of blood and laid the leading position in the computer industry.

2 technology is strong, and it is an unprecedented work to take the lead in innovation. From imagination, research, development, production, sale to after-sales service, every link must have a group of outstanding talents, forming a complete innovation chain.

For the first innovation, research and development is more decisive.

As a result, large companies have built large research institutions.

Baer studied all 20 thousand employees in the United States, accounting for more than 20% of the research staff.

Since its establishment, it has won more than twenty thousand patents, 50 major inventions, and seven people won Nobel prizes four times.

These big companies have gathered the world's first class scientists and engineers, and have taken the lead in innovative technological strength.

3, technology accumulation is huge, scientific research, experiment and production conditions are superior. First innovation is a complex system engineering. From the point of imagination, research, design, manufacture to sales and after-sales service, it must be linked together. Practice has proved that the level of technological accumulation determines the level and success or failure of technological innovation.

Only with the accumulation of technology can we ensure the success of major innovations.

With the accumulation of technology, it is difficult to guarantee the success of major innovations. At best, they can only be Epiphyllum to date, and are quickly surpassed by the companies with strong technology accumulation.

4, information system development is the basis for technological innovation decision-making, and is also a necessary condition to ensure the success of innovation.

To stand in the forefront of the world and take the lead in innovation, we must know the technological trends, economic trends and market demands of the whole world.

As a result, these big multinational companies have extended their tentacles around the world and built up a huge information system.

5, there are entrepreneurs with strategic vision and risk to take risks. In the highly competitive market and changing technological environment, only those entrepreneurs who have strategic vision and can see the technological opportunities and market opportunities that others can not see can lead and organize technological innovation.

Therefore, entrepreneurs are the soul of technological innovation. Without such entrepreneurs, it is difficult to take the lead in innovation.

The Peking University Founder is a typical example of China's first innovation.

In 1976, they skipped the second generation and the third generation, and directly developed laser typesetting system. As soon as they came to the market, they showed great vitality and occupied most of the market of Chinese Phototypesetting at home and abroad, which made our printing industry farewell to lead and fire into the information age.

The success of Peking University Founder is not accidental.

They received the attention and direct concern of the central leadership. The state invested huge sums of money. They set up a National Key Laboratory of text information processing and a national engineering research center of new technology of electronic publishing in Peking University, and gathered a group of scientists with strong market ideas and high levels. A group of entrepreneurs with scientific heads and 20 years of arduous pioneering work finally made China's printing technology dominate the world in the field of Chinese characters.

The practice at home and abroad proves that first innovation is an organic combination of high technology and high investment. It is an organic combination of scientists with market ideas and entrepreneurs with scientific ideas, and an organic combination of market opportunities (demand) and technological opportunities (Development).

Two, China's current stage of innovation strategy should be based on imitation and innovation, and take the lead in innovation. The technological innovation strategy of a country is determined by its economic and technological development level and its position in the general pattern of world economic and technological development.

China's current economic and technological level determines that our country can only implement a strategy based on imitation and innovation.

1, the economic development level is low and the foundation is weak. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, China has made great achievements recognized by the world, but it is very different from the world's advanced level.

For example, the per capita GDP and productivity of a country which reflect the overall level of economic development of the country, in 1993, the per capita GDP of China was 490 US dollars, which was only 1 / 50 of that of the United States and 1 / 65 of Japan's.

In 1990, China's labor productivity was 1, the United States was 365, Japan was 408.

China has a large population and a low level of education.

In 1992, the proportion of higher education in China accounted for 2% of the population in this age group, 32% in India, 76% in the United States and 99% in Canada.

Infrastructure is seriously inadequate, such as highway density (km / M). In 1994, China was 931, France was 13008, and the United States was 14453.

The per capita resources are much lower than the world average.

Mineral resources are less than half of the world's average, and mineral energy is 1/3 of the world's per capita.

The weak foundation restricts China's technological innovation.

2 enterprises are weak in research and development and backward in production technology. In the age of planned economy, enterprises only produce production, do not engage in or do little research and development.

Since the third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee, the technological development organization of the enterprise has developed rapidly, but it is difficult to form a climate because of its late start, weak foundation, low population and low quality.

In 1994, the technological development institutions of large and medium-sized enterprises in Wuhan accounted for only 201% of the total number of technological development institutions in the whole region, and 215% of the technical developers accounted for 215%. Among them, scientists and engineers accounted for only 126%, and the equipment in 6070s became the main equipment.

According to the investigation of twelve basic processes in Wuhan's machinery industry, the gold cutting and welding process is equivalent to the level of the international early 60s, and the technology of bulky and die manufacturing is equivalent to that of the international level in the late 60s. Casting, forging, heat treatment, surface painting and assembly process are only the same level as that of early 60s.

In the 62 main processes of the twelve leading products, such as CNC machine tools, only two items of the product have reached the level of international 80s, 14 have the level of 70s, 26 items are equivalent to the level of 60s, and 20 remain at the beginning of 60s.

Due to outdated equipment, rough technology and backward design, China's product level is low.

At present, our country develops about 60 thousand new products every year, reaching only 1500 international level, accounting for only 25%.

3, the science and technology level is low, and the technology source of innovation is lacking. As a whole, China's science and technology are lagging behind the developed countries in 1015.

Zhou Guangzhao, President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, pointed out: "our research results are not very few, but few of them are the first ones to think or break through in the world".

If the world's science and technology achievements are like stars in the sky, stars are bright.

So, the stars belong to China.

There are only a few.

In most fields, especially in areas directly related to economic development, it is still in the stage of learning and mastering advanced scientific and technological achievements in the world.

According to the survey of technical sources of 70 major industrial products in Wuhan in 1993 with sales of more than 50 million yuan, the total introduction and introduction of key technologies accounted for 672%, and 286% of the enterprises imitated innovation, accounting for 957% of the total.

4 investment in science and technology is seriously insufficient. The proportion of scientific research funds to GNP (gross national product) is an important index for measuring the scale of scientific and technological investment and the strength of science and technology in a country.

In 1994, China's research funding accounted for 0 of GNP, while India accounted for 0 of 9%, while the United States, Japan and Germany accounted for 29% of the total 0.

In 1993, China's research funding was 587 billion 400 million yuan, and the United States was 16075 billion in the same year, and China was only 42% of the United States.

The proportion of R & D funds in sales is the main index to measure the intensity of scientific and technological input in the world.

Since 1990, the proportion of technology development funds of Wuhan's large and medium-sized enterprises has been hovering around 15%.

The proportion of technology development funds in developed countries accounted for about 4% of sales, and the number of high-tech enterprises has exceeded 15%.

The essence of economic competition in the world is the competition of science and technology, and the competition of science and technology is to a large extent the competition of economic strength. Without great investment, it is difficult to have high level technological innovation.

5 entrepreneurs grow slowly. China is a country with thousands of years of small production history. After liberation, it was tied up for decades by the traditional planned economy system. The market economy started late in China, grew slowly, and walked hard, and the environment and conditions for the growth of entrepreneurs were very poor.

Few entrepreneurs have the courage and courage to innovate in technology, so the main body of technological innovation is vacant.

To sum up, we have a serious shortage of capital and technology at present. The equipment and equipment are outdated, the quality of workers is low, and the inertia of traditional economic system is bound up. Most enterprises in China lack the power and strength of technological innovation.

Under such conditions, it is impossible to take the lead in innovation like the founder of Peking University. Therefore, imitating innovation is a realistic strategy to meet the national conditions and national strength of our country.

6, imitating innovation is a shortcut to realize modernization at the present stage. Technology is the core element of economic development. If a country with backward economy and technology fails to make great progress in production technology, it will not be possible to revitalize the economy. If industrial and agricultural production is not pferred to the new technological foundation, it will not be able to modernize.

The development of western developed countries and the fact that economic take-off of newly industrialized countries shows that introduction, imitation, innovation, dissemination, re introduction, re imitation, re innovation and re pmission are the basic laws of technological progress in developing countries, and the only way to narrow the gap and achieve modernization.

Historically, the United States has been trying to modernize by imitation of the advanced technology of Europe, especially Britain.

After the war, Japan created an economic miracle by imitating the advanced technology of Europe and America.

South Korea, Singapore and other newly industrialized countries also rely on imitation innovation to make the economy take off.

The practice at home and abroad also shows that imitative innovation has less investment, less risk and quick results.

Imitation innovation takes existing advanced products and processes as objects, avoiding the massive investment and risk of research and development.

From 1950 to 1970, Japan spent only about 10000000000 US dollars, almost mastered all the technological achievements of the world in half a century, and saved a lot of time and money. It has gone out of a recognized road of success and has caught up with and surpassed Europe and the United States in many fields.

In the age of planned economy, our country has not fully estimated its gap with the world's advanced science and technology level and production technology level. It is not enough to estimate the rapid development of modern science and technology. It is not enough to estimate the social and economic conditions of China's technological progress, especially the economic system. In spite of its national strength, it puts forward a high standard of struggle, overemphasizing self-reliance and self-reliance, and the result is that the gap between China and the world's advanced level is widening.

Since the beginning of reform and opening up, according to Comrade Deng Xiaoping's instructions of "introducing tens of thousands of enterprises to introduce technology to pform enterprises", we have introduced a large number of technologies and equipment with the advanced international level from 19791993 to about 70000000000 US dollars, which has greatly improved the level of production technology in China.

The introduction of digestion and absorption on the basis of innovation has gradually reduced the gap between China and developed industrial countries. The implementation of the 12 dragons plan of the introduction of technology, digestion and absorption organized by the State Economic and Trade Commission has increased the localization rate of major equipment in China. The main products have reached the international advanced level and achieved good economic and social benefits.

The original production technology of Wuhan Iron and steel company is 20 years behind the imported 1.7 meter rolling mill. Through technological research and technological development, it is bold and innovative to make the foreign equipment "Sinicization".