Spinning And Clothing Industrial Cluster: The Development Trend Of The Six Major Clusters Of Real Estate Industry

　　年初以來，人民幣升值、美國次貸危機、出口退稅、原材料漲價、CPI上漲成為熱得發燙的關鍵詞。而在這些詞語的背后，暗寓著紡織服裝行業的困境。讓人意想不到的是，在很短的時間內，這些因素快速自發形成了一股颶風，向紡織服裝企業襲來，所到之處，紡織服裝企業幾乎無一幸免。也許枯燥的數字更能真實的告訴人們這股颶風的巨大力量：今年上半年，全國服裝及衣著附件出口499.6億美元，僅小幅增長3.4%；全行業1/3的企業拉動行業利潤增長，2/3的企業瀕臨虧損，這同時也為“2008年是行業最艱難的一年”加注。為了真實了解行業困難，本報獨家采訪了廣東、河南、山東、浙江、江蘇、福建六大產業集群地——

　　廣東：

　　1/3－1/2的企業資金鏈斷裂

The latest data released by Guangzhou Customs show that Guangdong's clothing exports have dropped sharply in the first half of this year.

In the 1-6 month, Guangdong's textile and clothing exports increased by only 1%, an increase of nearly 30% compared with the same period last year, and the total value of export clothing was 10 billion 800 million US dollars, a drop of 31.3%.

A member of the clothing and apparel industry association of Guangdong Province, who does not want to be named, said that at present, the capital chain of one third to one half of the clothing enterprises in Guangdong is broken.

He divided Guangdong's clothing enterprises into three parts: part of the loss, part of the shutting down, and part of the hard support.

This year's Canton Fair, Guangdong clothing trade enterprises basically did not receive orders, not not single, but afraid to pick up.

With the rising cost of raw materials, the attitude of the enterprise is also very cautious.

And in the domestic market, from the sales data of shopping malls, "the situation is not too good."

A well-known brand clothing company in Guangdong only earned 10 thousand yuan in the second half of 2007, which has a great impact on the industry in Guangdong.

"The river is dry and the river is dry". The insider used the "bottom" to describe the plight of the industry.

The operation of enterprises has become a very sensitive topic. "No enterprise wants to be a negative textbook. It just wants to be a positive example.

On the scene, we will not talk together. In private, we may talk about the difficulties of our enterprises as friends.

The insider said.

The latest round of surveys by the Guangdong provincial foreign trade and Economic Cooperation Department shows that the biggest external factor affecting export is RMB appreciation.

The Research Report on the impact of the rising RMB exchange rate on our province's foreign trade exports said, "when the value of RMB rises by 1%, the profit of the textile industry will drop by 2% to 6%, and the revaluation of the RMB by 3% will wipe out the average profit of the textile industry."

For the small and medium enterprises that are hard pressed to maintain in the severe winter, there is a future ahead of us.

Take Shenzhen as an example, "weakness" has repeatedly attacked Shenzhen's clothing exports.

It is reported that 25% of Shenzhen's garment enterprises are closed down.

But Shen Yongfang, vice president and Secretary General of Shenzhen garment industry association, said that the actual number of failures is far higher than this, and it is likely to be close to 50%.

According to statistics, in the 1-5 months of this year, the export volume and value of Shenzhen's textile and garment export enterprises declined sharply.

Export volume decreased by 24.2%, export revenue decreased by 25.5%, export unit price decreased by 1.66%, exchange loss 44.7%, and after tax profit reduced by 38.2%.

In addition, the relocation of enterprises is serious.

It is no longer an isolated phenomenon for enterprises to leave Shenzhen.

Shenzhen once had more than 3400 garment enterprises, 400 thousand employees, and more than 800 clothing brands.

Research shows that by last June, only four enterprises in Luohu, Nanshan, Baoan and Longgang had planned to move out of 522 enterprises, of which 499 had moved out.

Shen Yongfang believes that the most obvious reasons for the decline in exports are the following: first, the number of orders in the United States dropped by 30% this year, due to the slowdown in the US economy and the weakening of clothing consumption.

Second, at the beginning of the year (1-3 months), the appreciation rate of the RMB exchange rate was too fast (4%), which caused psychological panic among the clients and refused to accept the demand for raising the price caused by the exchange rate change, so that the channel that the enterprise could have been properly pferred was blocked.

Third, the cost of labor this year increased by about 25% over the same period last year, and the minimum wage rose by 17% in July 1st. It is estimated that the increase in labor costs and energy (oil and electricity) prices this year will make it more difficult for enterprises to digest their costs.

For example, the raw material copper of copper buckles has surged from 20 thousand yuan per ton in early 2004 to 60 thousand yuan per ton now, which has increased by more than 3 times. Although the cost of the factory has increased a lot, the price of the product has not increased at the same time.

Fourth, under the influence of tight monetary policy, enterprises, especially small and medium-sized private enterprises, have difficulty in obtaining loans.

Even the enterprises that borrow money have to bear the pressure of rising interest rates (10% to 25%).

　　河南：

　　不悲觀，不樂觀 

In the 1-6 months of this year, the export volume of clothing in Henan was 12 million 900 thousand, with an export volume of US $44 million 700 thousand, compared with the same period last year, the volume and amount decreased by 15.24% and 12.28% respectively, the first time since 1996.

The average price of export garments is less than 3.5 US dollars, all of them are processed by OEM, and the added value of products is low.

"The whole export situation is not good. Our company's export volume declined in the first half of the year, and its profit was almost zero. However, the unit price increased from 4 US dollars / piece to the current US $4.5 / piece, and the export volume was basically the same as in previous years."

Li Guoqing, general manager of Zhengzhou Ott Garments Co., Ltd.

Li Guoqing's company exports $4 million pants annually and exports 10 million US dollars, mainly exported to South America (50%), Europe (20%) and the Middle East (30%).

This is a big size in the middle of the trousers industry center in Zhengzhou.

In the past, the orders of otter company are very few, often are secondhand orders from Hongkong. Because Hongkong has repeatedly lowered the price, Li Guoqing is also actively looking for new partners to strive for more orders.

In the absence of intermediate links, the price can not be pushed too hard. In Li Guoqing's words, some companies in Hongkong are "good friends now, but no cooperation."

Since last year, Li Guoqing's company has also suffered from internal and external factors such as raw material costs, workers' wages and so on.

"The wages of workers have increased by 10% over the past year," Li Guoqing now watches CCTV's economic channel every day. "I need to understand the status of export processing enterprises in a variety of ways, including other industries."

The statistics report of Zhengzhou commerce bureau shows that some small garment processing enterprises are developing faster than others, and the enterprises with only a few hundred thousand dollars in exports in the same period last year have reached about 1000000 dollars in the first half of this year.

For the reason of the relatively rapid development of the small processing enterprises, Li Guoqing believes that these small businesses have received some smaller orders that some large enterprises are unwilling to receive.

"Although the export volume has increased, it is difficult to guarantee profits."

The adjustment of enterprises is very important. At present, Li Guoqing mainly embarked on the product structure adjustment, eliminated the low value-added products, and developed to the high-end products.

He said that in the past, the proportion of low value-added products and high value-added products was 1:1.

Li Guoqing has reduced this year's low value-added products to 10% this year.

At the same time, we should expand sales channels, select high-quality customers accordingly and increase the quantity of first-order orders.

Although the export processing enterprises in Central Plains are under attack, there is no serious coastal area.

Originally, the customers of coastal enterprises have been pferred to the mainland.

Speaking of the future prospects, Li Guoqing is not pessimistic, but not optimistic.

"It is too difficult to feed labor intensive industries. Now it is not a few years ago, but it will be over.

The reality forces enterprises to innovate, innovate the internal mechanism and innovative products of enterprises, and if they do not innovate, they can only die on the road, and perhaps they will be able to innovate if they are innovative.

He feels that this is the time to test the strength of the business.

　　山東：

　　不拋棄，不放棄

According to statistics, in the first half of this year, Shandong's textile and garment exports amounted to 7 billion 200 million US dollars, up 15.4% over the same period last year.

Large exporters have become the main force to promote the growth of textile and clothing exports. 108 enterprises have exported more than ten million dollars, an increase of 17 over the same period last year, accounting for 3 billion 110 million US dollars in total exports, accounting for 43.2% of the total textile and clothing exports in the whole province, an increase of 23.4%, contributing 61% to the growth of textile and clothing exports in the province.

In the 3-4 month of this year, the Shandong garment industry association once conducted research on Shandong's export textile and garment enterprises.

Shandong's export enterprises are mainly concentrated in Qingdao, Yantai, Weihai, Zibo and other cities in the eastern part of Shandong, mainly Korean owned enterprises. The processed garments are mainly exported to Japan, Korea and the Middle East.

"There are tens of thousands of garment enterprises in these areas, and 80% of them are mainly exported."

Wan Jin, Secretary General of Shandong garment industry association, said.

Since the end of last year to the beginning of this year, the closure of South Korean proprietorships has been very serious, but he said the number of enterprises failing to go bankrupt could not be counted.

The Korean government's attention has also attracted the attention of the Korean government. It is understood that the South Korean government has set up a specialized agency in Qingdao to investigate the causes and reasons for the collapse of Korean enterprises.

Like Guangdong's situation, Shandong's clothing enterprises lack orders, but less high-quality orders with high added value.

Nevertheless, many private textile and garment enterprises in Shandong are not willing to abandon the textile and garment industry because they have a deep feeling for this industry, "Wan Jin said.

Shandong has been encouraging enterprises to "walk on two legs", improve the added value of products, improve the quality of workers and increase productivity, and "do not hang on a tree".

Wan Jin believes that the key export enterprises of Shandong textile and garment enterprises are able to stand up because of their advantages of large scale, thick foundation and good management, while the profit margins are narrowed, and their own brand enterprises can also develop smoothly.

As a "walking on two legs" enterprise in Shandong's export and independent brand development, Chen Yujian, vice president of the new groom's group, said in an interview with the media that the groom has made a timely adjustment in terms of management: on the one hand, improving the quality of export products, increasing the added value of export products and developing high-end customers; on the other hand, increasing the intensity of domestic sales, and at the same time, innovating efforts.

　　浙江：

　　保住企業，穩住市場

According to statistics, in 1-5 months, Zhejiang's textile and garment exports amounted to US $7 billion 282 million 440 thousand, an increase of 1.17% over the same period last year, and the total export volume was 1 billion 498 million 760 thousand, an increase of 2.12% over the same period last year, accounting for 0.1% of the total share of the whole year.

Nevertheless, the industry is still facing the threat of low profit.

Although the overall export volume presents a trend of volume and price rise, the increased part of the capital is offset by the rising cost.

"A bad business can only be a loss."

Han Li Cheng, Secretary General of Zhejiang garment industry association.

"The profit margins of women's clothing enterprises in Hangzhou are at about 15% of the highest, but only 10% of the cost of raw materials raised by oil prices in the last few days has greatly reduced the profit margins."

Meng Ping, Secretary General of Hangzhou clothing trade association, said.

A brand woman garment manufacturer in Hangzhou said that the cost of processing a polyester skirt increased by 40% over the same period last year and the cost of materials increased by 10%.

"Without raising prices, enterprises may not be able to survive, but they are worried about losing market share."

Meng Ping said

"The pressure of the enterprise is very large, and the reason why it can be maintained at present is that the enterprise has made some money in the past few years and has the foundation to support it."

Han Licheng said.

The loss of Enterprises above Designated Size in Zhejiang amounted to 1/3, and the ratio of shutting down enterprises was 1% to 2%.

But he also said that the situation of "family workshop" enterprises is not clear, and the number of "switch factory" is not good enough to calculate.

Zhejiang enterprises are basically private enterprises, and there are not many joint ventures. They always have the spirit of hardship and willing to bear hardships. These enterprises have gradually grown up in the experience of the market, and are more capable of adapting to the environment and resisting risks.

at present