Problems And Countermeasures In Accounting Of Treasury Certificates

Since 1994, commercial banks have issued treasury bonds on behalf of the issuing banks, which are issued by banks in the form of vouchers.

It has been 10 years for the Agricultural Bank to issue treasury bonds in this way.

From the situation of issuing and paying for the grass-roots line over the years, the reasons for management and accounting have caused some risks.

If we do not take effective accounting methods, we will create new risks from the source.

The main problems are: (1) management is lagging behind, and there are hidden dangers.

At present, the accounting accounts for Treasuries are mainly "7724 long term national bond investment" and "0016 outward bond certificate".

When treasury bonds are sold, the funds recovered will be reflected in the "7724 long term national bond investment" subject. After the funds are drawn up, the remaining balance of the account will be zero. The remaining cards of the Treasury bonds will be included in the "0016 certificate of treasury bonds" accounting for off balance sheet subjects.

Under normal circumstances, whether the accounting department or the auditing department checks the Treasury bills of a business outlet, whether the reconciliation is consistent with the card, and ignores whether the number of plans issued on the unit is consistent with the card account.

The accounting department of many county branches thinks that the plan is mastered by the people in charge of the plan (although most of the business accounting and planning departments are merged, but management is still out of line), accounting departments only account for accounting, while the management plan considers that they only manage the decomposition and planning of the plan.

Whether the planned issue number is equal to the card account issued in the current period, no one is asking, forming a "blind spot" in management.

In the past year, since the issuance of treasury bonds was more common than the plan, many people believed that the Treasury bonds issued by the over planned Treasury should be pferred to the deposit account, and some units were not pferred to the account of the deposit account. Instead, they quietly pferred the funds to the individual savings households or to lend money directly to others.

On the surface, the "0016 certificate of opening abroad" is consistent with the account card, and in essence, it has "embezzled" or misappropriated the funds.

From several cases of treasury bonds occurring in some grass-roots businesses, their characteristics are: long time, concealment and hard to find.

Two accounting accounts are not detailed, no sub year, sub principal, interest accounts.

As the "7724 long term national debt investment" subject not only accounts for the Treasury bills payable in advance, it also calculates the Treasury bills, the principal and interest of the Treasury bills payable and the interest paid at the time of maturity, as well as the principal and interest payments of the Treasury bonds drawn by the higher authorities.

At county level sub branches, the account also accounts for the issuance and payment of treasury bills drawn from business offices, branches and savings houses.

Between agencies and institutions, between annual and annual payment, and between normal payment and advance payment, between the principal payment and the expired customer payment, between the principal and interest, if there is no very detailed account, it is difficult to distinguish the contents of the accounting of the "7724 long term national bond investment".

It is self-evident that the hidden risk is not clear.

When the pfer of accounts is carried out in the last three years, it will be difficult for accounts to be settled.

Although some grass-roots banks have worked hard to clean up the issue of treasury bonds issuance, advance payment and normal payment in the past years, especially for the liquidation of the "7724 long term national bond investment", the subsidiary ledger has been set up according to the annual and sub unit units.

However, when a household account is pferred in second years, the computer can not post a detailed account with the summary, and only the household balance will be pferred to the next year.

In the past second years, if the Treasury bonds were cleared up, they would become a mess if they were not clearly recorded in the abstract column.

Although some banks set up manual household accounts, the above situation will occur in the next second years.

(four) because of the detailed accounting of accounts over the years, the fund will be allocated to the grassroots banks in the coming year. In addition to the normal maturity payment, how much of the remaining funds should be invested in investment will be uncertain.

In the survey of several grassroots banks of the Agricultural Bank, the author found that many of the "7724 long term national bond investment" subjects of many county branches have some red characters, indicating that there is no return on investment income. Some of the debit balances contain cash for the remaining years.

Since the issuance of treasury bonds in the previous year was widespread, the outlets were issued.

At the time of payment, the number of outlets, the number of unpaid, the number of advance payments, and the number of two issues issued in the previous year could not be confirmed, so it was impossible to confirm how much interest should be invested in the proceeds.

(five) the issuance of treasury bonds has not been strictly issued according to the planned amount of various maturities, resulting in the fact that the payment of government bonds and the number of cash points issued by the higher authorities are not consistent with those of the outlets.

Because of the lack of management in the past, many outlets would like to issue treasury bonds at will.

It should be a 5 year treasury bond, sold for 3 years. It should be 3 year treasury bonds, sold for 5 years, or 2 years.

When the payment period is up, the payment of the Treasury bonds from the higher authorities does not coincide with the cash payment.

Day after day, year after year, the "7724 long term national debt investment" subject has become a mess.

(six) in recent years, because of the integration of the outlets, withdrawal and more institutions, it has brought some difficulties to the Treasury bills accounting.

After the withdrawal of the Treasury bonds issued by the original outlets, some of them only hand over the card pfer of the "0016 outward going treasury bill", and do not have an in-depth understanding of the past annual issuance of treasury bonds and advance payment.

After the expiration, how much payment is paid to the higher level institutions of the original outlets, no restriction or no management.

(seven) after the issuance period of treasury bonds, the accounting authorities did not collect Treasury bills in time, which brought convenience to oversold treasury bonds and some misconduct.

There are many problems arising from oversold treasury bonds and cases in the past years, and the certificate of Treasurys in each year is a uniform format.

Under normal circumstances, the inspection of the management department only checks whether the credentials of the stock are in line with the actual accounts, and the actual use is not easy to find out.

After the issuance of treasury bonds, it is difficult to control the phenomenon of overselling and deviance without clearing up the remaining vouchers in time.

Two reasons for causing these problems are various reasons. I think the main reasons are: first, accounting is not rigorous.

After the issuance of the Treasury bonds of the business outlets, it is impossible to effectively check the correctness of the accounting of the Treasury bills by using the off balance subjects to check the remaining cards of the Treasury bills.

At the same time, the issuance and payment of treasury bonds are accounted for in the "7724 long term national bond investment" account. Although it is required to separate accounts from household accounts and account for several years, if the bookkeeper fails to pay attention to it, no one will worry about the bookkeeping.

The two is extensive management.

In the past, most of the issuance of treasury bills was in savings houses. Since the establishment of the Agricultural Bank of China, savings banks and labor service companies were always managed by the full-time Savings Department.

At the end of 90s, when the accounting of savings houses was pferred to the management of accounting department, it was "roundabout driving" because of neglecting the accounting of treasury bills objectively and subjectively some managers of accounting departments did not want to conduct in-depth examination of thorny problems. Many accounting and auditing examinations failed to reflect such problems.

Only after the frequent occurrence of treasury bills in recent years, did the relevant departments pay attention to it.

Three, there is no effective way to control it.

The operation of the agricultural bank counter business has been generally carried out by computers. Especially in recent years, the development of the new ABIS system has solved some difficulties in accounting, and the accounting of treasury bills remains in manual operation, not only for the large number of employees on the counter, but also for errors and cases.

Three, it is urgent to strengthen the accounting of treasury bills.

At present, some business banks have already organized some manpower and cleaned up the issuance and payment of Treasuries over the years, and found some problems.

But to fundamentally solve the above situation, the key is to solve the current accounting method for treasury bills.

Based on the experience of accounting practice for many years, the author summed up an accounting method of "replacing accounts with cards", which basically solved the above problems.

At present, pilot projects have been made at individual outlets, with good results.

The specific operation is as follows: the "7724 long term national bond investment" subjects include "detailed account and account card".

"Detailed account splitting" only accounts for the normal payment of treasury bonds.

The "card account" accounts for the difference between the payment in advance and the normal payment at the end of the year. Each card represents a specific content.

The specific operations are as follows: 1.

When a customer pays an advance payment of XX yuan 1000 yuan, assuming that the interest is 10 yuan, after the payment is completed, the teller will draw out the blank card, fill in the contents of the Treasury bill deposit which the customer has paid, and purchase the Treasury bonds, the X period, the principal and the interest of the advance payment in XX.

After the certificate expires, the card is drawn out to calculate the interest accrued on the card, deducting the interest paid, and the extra interest to invest in the proceeds.

(two) the structure of the original treasury bonds is sold out, such as the 3 - year period, the 5 - year sales and so on.

It sells more than 1.3 years and sells less for 5 years.

Suppose the original plan is 100 thousand yuan for 3 years and 400 thousand yuan for 5 years.

The site did not follow the plan, sold for 300 thousand yuan in 3 years, and sold for 200 thousand yuan in 5 years.

After 3 years' payment, according to the year, the principal and interest will be divided into the household accounts. The principal and interest of the higher level banks who allocate more than 10 yuan will be reflected in the credit of the account respectively, and the principal and interest of the household account will be calculated at the end of the year.

Wakamoto Kimto borrower is 200 thousand yuan, and the borrower of interest rate is 50 thousand yuan. It can be considered that the interest rate paid by the bank for 200 thousand years after 200 thousand years has been paid 50 thousand yuan in advance.

At this time, the above blank cards will be filled according to the principal amount of 200 thousand yuan, the time limit will be 5 years, and the interest payable in advance will be 50 thousand yuan.

After the expiration date, the card is drawn out to calculate the normal interest rate of 200 thousand yuan and 5 years, and then deduct the 50 thousand yuan interest that has been paid, and the remaining interest is entered into the investment income.

It sells more than 2.5 years and sells less for 3 years.

Suppose the original plan is 3 yuan and 5 years 200 thousand yuan each.

In actual operation, the 3 - year period is only 100 thousand yuan, and the 5 - year period is 300 thousand yuan.

After the expiration of the 3 - year treasury bonds, the net cash principal account reflects only 100 thousand yuan, and the interest payment households reflect 20 thousand yuan.

The higher authorities will pay 200 thousand yuan in cash and 50 thousand yuan in interest.

After the principal account loan is pferred, the credit balance is 100 thousand yuan. After the interest is divided into account and loan, the balance is 30 thousand yuan. When the balance is reached at the end of the year, the amount of the blank card is filled out with the scarlet letter. The principal amount is 100 thousand yuan (red letter), the interest on the advance payment column is 30 thousand yuan (red letter), and the note is reprinted on the "one year treasury bond payment fund".

When the maturity of the 5 year treasury bonds expires, the card will be drawn out, and the principal and the principal amount of the card will be reduced to the principal of the customer. The interest of the card and the interest drawn on the superior bank will be reduced with the interest paid by the customer.

There are two kinds of circumstances at this time. One is: the principal payment of the actual payment is not enough to reduce, and we should actively find out the reasons, prevent the behavior of the Treasury Bond Fund in the previous year; the other is: the actual payment is small, and the balance after deducting the account is reflected in the lender, indicating that the customer will pay in the future, and the balance of his credit should be equal to the "0016 foreign currency certificate".

After the interest is deducted, the interest account is the debit balance, which means that the interest paid by the 5 year treasury bonds purchased by the bank should be paid from the cost and pferred to the "payable interest" at the end of the year.

(three) the unsold treasury bonds of the previous year were subscribed by the bank.

This card can be directly filled out, indicating the date of purchase, maturity and interest rate.

After the certificate expires, the interest is drawn out of the card, and the principal payment is deducted from the principal payment, and the interest is entered into the investment income.

(four) the number of bonds payable at each node is in line with the principal and interest of the Treasury bond drawn by the superior, and the card is not filled.

It shows that the issuance and payment of treasury bonds are correct.

(five) the establishment of the above cards must be based on thoroughly clearing the principal and interest of the Treasury bonds of the previous year.

At the same time, we should pay attention to the following questions: 1. the Treasury bills that customers pay in advance should be pferred from the "0016 outward certificate of Treasury documents" to the "7724 long term national bond investment" account.

2. in the normal payment period, the above cards should be used at the end of the year.

When the payment is normally paid, the payment network will be charged according to the annual, sub principal and interest accounts. After the payment period is over, the accounting authority will be in the "year-end" account.