Transformation And Upgrading Of Guangdong's Textile Industrial Clusters (2)

Common problems are "recruitment difficulties", "profitability difficulties" and "financing difficulties".

1, the problem of recruitment is outstanding.

The problem of "recruitment difficulty" has been troubling Guangdong textile and garment enterprises. This year the situation is more serious, and garment enterprises are more strongly than textile enterprises.

Although the return rate of most employees is 80% to 90%, there is still a labor gap of 30% to 40%.

For example, the employment gap of a children's clothing company in the ancestral temple was 50%; another company went to work on the eighth day after the Spring Festival, and most of the workers returned in previous years, but none of the workers returned this year.

Most of the enterprises in the whole street are afraid to take orders, and the head of the company said, "it is the most difficult to recruit workers this year."

Among them, the major gap is mainly technical jobs, and structural shortages are even more prominent.

For example, the "guerrilla forces" formed by skilled workers spontaneously formed in Yuanzhou town of Huizhou City, providing a "assault service" for manufacturers receiving orders and rush for delivery.

Recruitment is difficult for the following reasons:

(1) the economy is improving this year, and the increase in enterprise orders has resulted in an increase in market demand.

(2) the improvement of the national "three rural" policy, local industrial development and post disaster reconstruction and other factors have resulted in the decrease of migrant workers in Sichuan and Hunan around Guangdong.

(3) the new generation of migrant workers have higher requirements for job hunting, some are in wait-and-see state, and some are turning to more attractive service industries.

(4) there is fierce competition for labor among different regions, and garment enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta are also recruiting workers.

(5) some textile and garment enterprises do not pay well, and the working environment is poor.

However, in Humen and other places, some large enterprises reflect the steady employment situation in recent years, and local workers are relatively stable.

The publicity of some media has played a negative role.

2, rising factor costs squeezing profit margins

Last year, the vast majority of enterprises were wage increases for workers, and wage levels rose by 10% to 20%.

The average wage of Xiaolan general worker increased from 1300~1500 yuan last year to 1500~1800 yuan.

Cotton prices have surged since the beginning of 2009, rising to 15900 yuan / ton at the time of investigation, and the price of cotton yarn is also showing a rising trend. However, fabric prices remain basically unchanged, making the enterprises more cautious in the face of new orders, and can only use the stock of cotton yarn to meet the signed orders. The rental of Zhangcha town factory has risen to 18 yuan per square meter; the industrial water price in Kaiping has increased by 9 points per ton, the electricity price has increased by 2.2 points, and the price of coal has increased by 70 yuan per ton.

However, the price of terminal products is difficult to be raised, and there is a great pressure to reduce prices. The profit margins of enterprises are getting smaller and smaller.

3, corporate financing is still difficult.

Although the revitalization plan has clearly put forward a number of policies to support the financing of textile enterprises, the financing situation of Guangdong enterprises has also been improved to some extent in some areas. Some clusters show that loans from financial institutions are more relaxed than before, and loan approval has been speeded up, but there are signs of tightening since February of this year.

The general situation is that most small and medium enterprises in Guangdong still face greater financing pressure.

Large and medium-sized enterprises can also borrow money, and small and medium-sized enterprises are mostly rented because of their factories. Equipment, goods and so on can not be used as collateral for loans. It is difficult to borrow money from banks. Liquidity is very tight, resulting in serious pressure among enterprises.

Some small loan interest is higher than the normal bank loan.

The problem of pformation and upgrading is becoming increasingly urgent.

Compared with the previous two surveys, there are still some new problems in the survey, which reflect that Guangdong industrial clusters pay more attention to how to adjust the structure and industrial upgrading.

For example, most clusters attach importance to technological pformation and equipment renewal, and import equipment grows rapidly.

Xiqiao and Chenghai reflected that the value added tax of imported equipment increased after the first year of import equipment increased.

The influence of the industrial cluster named by the textile industry association is increasing, and the awareness of regional brand protection is also growing.

Zhangcha, Xintang and Dalang are actively negotiating the regional brand of the cluster, which is confronted with trademark rush registration, and call for strengthening regional brand protection.

It is worth noting that the coastal areas are increasingly short of land resources and the pressure of environmental protection is increasing.

Ancestral temple reflects: Foshan promotes urbanization, and land appreciation is very fast.

The children's clothing industry in Chancheng district is located in the central area, the planning orientation is a big trade, requiring children's clothing enterprises to pfer to Sanshui and other places.

There are many concerns and difficulties in the process of pfer.

The clothing specialized market in Yuexiu District, Guangzhou also faces the problem of moving wholesale and logistics to the suburbs.

This shows that the textile and garment industry in the developed coastal areas is facing more and more pressure of pfer, and the pformation and upgrading is more and more urgent.

Actively take measures to pform and upgrade

In the light of the new situation, Guangdong's industrial clusters have clearly proposed that we should seize the favorable opportunity for further economic recovery, unify development ideas, speed up the pace of technological pformation of enterprises, strengthen the construction of independent innovation and independent brand, and promote the upgrading of industrial clusters.

1, intensify technological pformation.

We should increase investment in equipment upgrading, especially the new equipment with high automation and good energy saving and consumption reduction effect, so as to ease the pressure of product structure adjustment and rising labor cost.

While eliminating backward equipment, Xiqiao actively introduced advanced equipment, imported more than 1000 Bigano rapier looms last year, and large amount of new computer knitting machines were purchased in recent years, and more than 1000 units last year, and now more than 6000 units.

It is said that one can top 25 labor forces, and 50% of Kaiping textile enterprises reach or close to the leading international level, and the shuttleless rate of looms reaches 100%.

2, strengthen R & D capability and carry out technological innovation.

Xinhui enterprises actively cooperate with universities and scientific research institutions to carry out industry university research cooperation, constantly improving product design and manufacturing level, aiming at improving product quality and new product development.

Xinhui Mei DA has established cooperative relations with South China University of Technology, China Textile Research Institute and other units. The post doctoral workstation has been set up, and seven high-level laboratories have been built. Many new products have been recognized by the market. Xinhui Cai Yan has successfully developed aramid production technology, filling many domestic gaps, and its industrialization projects have been supported by the national development and Reform Commission (NDRC) by 20 million yuan.

Chaozhou has brought into full play the role of the "Guangdong craft clothing engineering technology research and development center" established by the Ming Rui group, concentrating its efforts on garment design, garment fabrics, garment production technology, and improving the research and development capabilities of leading enterprises, thus driving the technological innovation of the garment industry in the whole city.

3, promoting brand building

Brand enterprises have strong bargaining power of products, and can effectively digest the factors of rising costs, so that many clusters and enterprises have realized the importance of their own brands, and have different forms of brand cultivation and promotion.

Chaozhou wedding dress enterprise brand strategy is effective.

Through the "government and enterprise linkage", the city has obtained 13 famous brands and famous brand names in Guangdong. Among them, the wedding dress of Ming Rui, Jin Chao and Wei is the title of Chinese famous brand products. Xiaolan Town Government strongly encourages enterprises to create brand names, has 19 national and provincial brand names, and assists enterprises in promoting marketing and promoting brand contribution rate. Dalang town has a one-time reward of 300 thousand yuan to 1 million yuan for enterprises with national and provincial brand names, and other industrial clusters have similar policies.

The clusters enhance their awareness of protecting their own regional brands, actively register relevant collective trademarks, carry out brand publicity, expand their influence, form brand strategic alliances, and actively negotiate with others in order to take legal measures.

4, strengthen the internal management of enterprises

Three Bridge Industrial Company is a fashion Brand Company. Last year, it hired consultants to implement JIT system, optimize production and management process, carry out staff training, and increase production efficiency by about 20%.

5, expand domestic and foreign markets.

Textile and garment export enterprises are looking for new outlets.

The third bridge company is to adjust the layout of the export market and expand the market of the EU and emerging economies outside the US market to reduce risks. The two is to adjust the proportion of internal and external sales, and the proportion of domestic sales increased from 30% in 2008 to 50% in 2009.

Xiaolan will strengthen cooperation with foreign textile industrial clusters this year, and will go to Sweden and make use of foreign trade and economic cooperation departments.

6, build public service platform and improve industrial matching.

This is the key work of various industrial clusters in recent years.

Yanbu worked with the textile industry association to set up the southern underwear innovation center, based on the "Southern textile underwear net", to carry out the digital upgrade of "Yanbu underwear", to establish the service platform of "salt step underwear", to set up a service platform for the integration of product display, information release and online shopping mall, and to extend the e-commerce business. Dalang town has built up the "six major service platforms", including the wool quality inspection station, the wool textile trade center and the logistics center, the wool textile product research center, the big wool weaving website and the related database, the graduate student innovation fund and the education training center. Zhangcha has paid attention to the extension and perfection of the service platform function, carried out the construction of the knitting professional market, and extended to the upstream and downstream industries; the ancestral temple's product innovation center and the children's wear professional market have a considerable scale.

7, mitigation

Xiaolan Town, on the basis of many years of pilot projects in Guarantee Corporation, has opened up the rural banking business to provide small loans for SMEs. Some chambers of Commerce and fellow townships of the ancestral temple have also undertaken mutual guarantees between enterprises to ease the financing pressure; the Xiqiao Textile Association has led the establishment of Nanhai Nanfang textile Investment Co., Ltd., and invested 100 million yuan in the financing of textile small and medium-sized enterprises in the town, and secured loans for market pformation, attracting other regions to finance Guarantee Corporation to enter the business.

Cautiously optimistic about the overall situation in 2010.

According to the Guangdong Clothing Association survey, 80% enterprises are optimistic about the economic situation this year; 60%, enterprises adopt the strategy of "maintaining stability" for this year's development choices, 40% choose to adopt "expansion strategy", and no enterprises choose to adopt "shrinking strategy".

90% of enterprises have plans to increase investment, mainly for the introduction of equipment, technological pformation, structural adjustment, financing listing, expanding the size of the company and so on.

The more common view is that

1, factor cost will fluctuate at a high level.

It is widely estimated that the cost of labor, raw materials, land, energy and environmental protection will fluctuate at a high level.

Under the current situation of increasing uncertainties in the international market, the domestic economic environment is getting warmer and inflation expectations are rising, it is difficult to control the price rise of all kinds of elements.

2, we need to worry about RMB appreciation.

In the increasingly serious situation of trade protectionism in the world, especially after June, the trend of RMB exchange rate is full of worries. This will be a major risk for the export of textiles and clothing in 2010.

2010 is the last year of "11th Five-Year". It is also a critical year for the textile industry to gradually recover from the financial crisis and speed up structural adjustment and industrial upgrading.

The textile industry should not only complete the tasks identified in the outline of the 11th Five-Year development of the textile industry, continue to carry out the plan for the adjustment and revitalization of the textile industry, but also lay a good foundation for the development of "12th Five-Year".

Facing the complex and changeable development environment and many uncertain factors in the post financial crisis era, the textile industry should actively deal with all kinds of new risks and challenges.

The problems and measures taken by the Guangdong textile industry cluster are typical for the whole industry to summarize the experience of the recovery after the financial crisis, clarify the direction of structural adjustment and industrial upgrading this year, and study the development ideas of "12th Five-Year" and "textile power".

(the writer is deputy director of China Textile Economic Research Center)