Employment, Ability To Compete Or "Background"?

1. can the farmer's children "carp jump to Longmen"?

The cost of higher education and the difficulty of finding jobs for graduates are more and more expensive.

Xiao Mei, who is home economics in Beijing, has been particularly worried recently.

Far away from Sichuan's hometown of Guanghan's son graduated from junior high school, admitted to the county's key high school.

Is it to let my son continue to study in high school or university, or simply go to a technical school and work for two years?

The family that Xiao Mei serves is two retired old teachers, they urge Xiao Mei to let his son read, because "knowledge changes fate".

The two old teachers are also from Sichuan. Their daughter was admitted to Peking University in 1988, and then worked in the state organs. Nowadays, there are houses, cars and official posts.

"Do you want your son to work like you all your life?"

Xiao Mei certainly hoped that his son would have a good future, not farmers and migrant workers.

But she has her own difficulties.

My son is good at learning, but it may not be able to get to the top schools such as Peking University.

If the end of the final examination of the ordinary universities in Sichuan Province, parents work hard to read for 7 years for their parents to read the book, in the future may still not find a good job.

"There's a lot of people like this in our village.

The University also read, spent sixty thousand or seventy thousand yuan at home, the result is not able to find a good job after graduation, is also the same as working outside, Hukou or back home.

"I rent a courtyard, there are seven or eight college graduates, there are Gansu, Henan.

After studying at University, it is not the same as selling insurance.

In September, my son went to school on time.

At the same time, Xiao Mei also looked for suitable technical schools in Beijing and Sichuan.

"Learn a haircut, cook or something, have a skill, will find a job in the future, can feed themselves."

In Xiao Mei's opinion, these are the best choices for the son of a farm boy who are disdained to learn and disdain to do in the future.

"I feel very sorry that in recent years, the bottom of the society, especially the peasants and the families of migrant workers, has been driving less and less upward mobility through education, and the cost is getting higher and higher. Generally speaking, there is a trend of narrowing of the channels."

Su Hainan, vice president and chairman of the Remuneration Committee of the China Labour Association, said.

The mobility of people at different levels in society is conducive to the harmony of the whole society.

In particular, from the lower level of income and status to the higher level of mobility, the more active the flow and the more smooth the passage, the more dynamic the society is usually.

Education is the key to achieving different levels of mobility in modern society.

The head of the Student Affairs Office of Renmin University of China said that about half of the students in the township schools in the early 90s of last century were in rural areas. Now this proportion has dropped significantly.

Earlier, China Agricultural University's survey of the proportion of new urban and rural residents showed that between 1999 and 2001, the number of rural freshmen was around 39%, and in 2007 it had dropped to 31%.

According to a data from Nankai University, the proportion of rural freshmen in the school was about 30% in 2006 and 24% in 2008.

According to the Renmin University of China, the decline of this proportion can be measured from two aspects of "cost benefit".

After 1999, colleges and universities generally expanded enrollment, and the number of universities and prestigious schools increased in number.

But at the same time, the charging level of colleges and universities has greatly improved.

"In 1992, tuition fees for undergraduate students are about 400 yuan a year, and other expenses are very small.

Now, the cost of optics has increased by 10 times.

The conditions for student dormitories are much better, some of them are also provided with bathrooms, and accommodation fees are much higher.

The high tuition fees have made some families with low incomes fear, and to a certain extent, the opportunity for expansion has been less to the countryside.

On the other hand, the employment difficulty of university students is beginning to appear.

"Graduation is unemployment". The cost of paying for higher education is high, but there is more uncertainty in earnings.

This makes the "knowledge change destiny" gradually become less attractive.

Another way for farmers' families to improve their lives is to work in cities.

Many migrant workers enter the city with such dreams.

However, because the wages of migrant workers have been lingering at a low level for a long time, most people lack proper social security, so their upward mobility is very small.

The expansion of the gap between urban and rural areas has further reduced the possibility of migrant workers taking root in cities.

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2. employment

In the process of employment, the exclusive role of "background" has become the biggest discrimination in employment. The peasants and children of migrant workers in college graduates are obviously weak in the quality of employment.

Employment is an important link in achieving mobility among different groups.

When farmers are still lawyers, they are selling insurance in streets and streets or working in air-conditioned houses in banks, with a steady job in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou.

After graduating from University, Wu Lexia worked in a public institution under a Ministry for 6 years.

"In the past 6 years, one or two units have been vacated almost every year, but all those who have connections and backgrounds have come up. I am not doing well."

If we fail to make the staff in the establishment, we will lose a lot of wages, and there is no chance for further development.

In a year when a new employee came into the countryside in Shandong, Wu Lexia initially felt that he still had an opportunity to turn around. Later, he heard that the employee was a relative of a unit leader despite his family background.

Mr. Tang worked at a central military enterprise for human resources.

"Enterprises recruit people, first of all, to see ability and quality.

However, when recruiting, greeting and passing too many notes are leaders and partners from all sides. It is impossible to ignore them.

Finally, if a few candidates are on the same terms, they will surely invite the greeting.

This enterprise has to recruit nearly 1000 university students every year in recent years. If we only look at the quantity, more than 70% of the new recruits have nothing to do with the background. But after careful analysis, the background is mainly concentrated in the branches of enterprises in Inner Mongolia and Guizhou. However, the headquarters that can stay in Beijing and other places with better scientific research institutions or higher income two companies are more or less able to trust others.

It is for this reason that in recent two years, many experts have pointed out that the most important employment discrimination at present is not sex discrimination, hepatitis B discrimination, age discrimination, but the decisive and exclusive role of "background", "relationship" and "connections" in the process of employment.

The survey of 500 thousand graduates from the project group of the 2009 graduates of the University of technology in China revealed that the family class had a significant impact on the results of their higher education.

Through this survey, we can see that in the "211" colleges and universities, the average score of 576 points is higher than the 557 points of the management children when they enter school, but their job hunting is much more arduous.

From the employment situation of half a year after graduating from school, 35% of the graduates of peasants and migrant workers failed to get jobs, far higher than the 15% of the unemployed children.

In terms of the quality of employment, they are also in a weak position. The average monthly salaries of farmers and migrant workers graduated from 2008 and 2009 two years after graduation were ranked the last and second in all classes.

A report by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences entitled "social mobility in contemporary China" shows that those whose parents have social capital are more likely to become cadres than ordinary people.

Under the condition that father's education level is fixed, the cadres' children are 2 times more likely to become cadres.

Experts believe that when family background becomes a "invisible threshold" in the process of employment, children of ordinary families can not get into the social ascending channel because their parents have no money or power. Children with rich social resources rich families can easily get decent jobs, higher incomes and broader development space.

This situation not only affects the fairness of employment, but also aggravates the difficulty of moving from the bottom of society to the middle class and the upper class under the severe employment situation.

China's current household registration system and some population management systems further strengthen this kind of employment discrimination.

Recently, the city of Beijing has recruited 740 civil service posts for the whole city. It clearly stipulates that the scope of the examination personnel is "Beijing permanent resident account and personnel administrative relations in Beijing, the age must be above 18 years old and below 35 years old", with special reference to "not including the 2010 non Beijing graduate students and household records kept in the school's non Beijing graduates."

Zhang Ming, a professor of political science at Renmin University of China, points out that there are obvious "household discrimination" and "identity discrimination".

But people have long been accustomed to it. The first thing that comes to mind is how to find out how to operate relationships so that children can meet the requirements of recruitment.

3., let everyone have a "Chinese dream".

Reform the household registration system, promote equalization of public services, break down barriers to employment, and create a favorable social environment and atmosphere for upward mobility.

Poverty will become the cause of poverty. Will rich become rich?

"We can not say absolutely that there are still many opportunities in today's society to enable talented, intelligent and courageous people to display their skills and change their destinies.

However, the influence of background and background on people's development is growing.

We should attach great importance to inequalities and eliminate more obstacles. "

Su Hainan thinks so.

However, for many ordinary people, they will not be so rational analysis.

"Poor two generation", "rich two generation", "ridge two generation", "official two generation"...

These statements stimulate people's nerves, but also many people around the reality.

According to the survey, the parents of the two generation of migrant workers are almost all farmers or migrant workers, and only a few of them are township officials or rural teachers, doctors and other public officials.

At present, migrant workers are a group with low income in cities and towns.

-- the chairman of the 20 year old investment company and the owner of the real estate business at the age of 22.

"The rich two generation" is constantly emerging in people's perspective.

Their parents can not only let them have good educational resources, but also have local governments to get money to train "two generation rich".

Three generations are in the civil aviation sector, and the whole family is doing all the electricity. Some people call it "the two generation of the ridge".

In some local monopoly enterprises, job vacancies usually do not open to the public, often in the selection of insiders.

The recruitment of civil servants is relatively pparent, but public institutions have not yet done all the public recruitment. The phenomenon of "internal recruitment" and "human rights Recruitment" is still very prominent.

In Wuning, Jiangxi, there have been Posts offered by some institutions only allowing the children or family members of the county level cadres to register for examination.

Experts point out that the "two generation" phenomenon reflects the tendency of the current class solidified.

Class solidification not only affects social vitality, but also affects stability.

Only by achieving the benign flow of society can society maintain stability and balance in the rapid progress.

How to make the upward flow of the passage more smooth? Su Hainan believes that the first point is to break the barriers between urban and rural areas and change the two yuan structure of urban and rural areas for many years.

The key point is to reform the household registration system, reduce the constraint of household registration on labor force and the negative effect on population mobility.

Second, we should comprehensively promote the equalization of public services, especially the equalization of education, medical treatment and social security services.

The reform and measures in the field of public service should first consider the disadvantaged groups rather than the last ones.

The level of public services between urban and rural areas should be consistent as far as possible, so that children in rural areas will not be able to fall behind at the starting line.

The third is to eliminate unreasonable barriers and discriminatory policies and measures in the construction of human resources market, especially to break the employment barriers of monopoly industries and power departments, prevent inbreeding, and achieve fair employment as much as possible.

The state should strengthen laws and regulations, restrict recruitment activities of employers, strengthen supervision and correct various discriminatory recruitment practices.

Fourth, we should deepen the reform of the distribution system so that wealth can be more tilted to workers, especially the front-line workers, and to combat power rent seeking and grey income.

In addition, the cadre appointment system should be further deepened.

Recently, manpower

Su Hainan said that China is still in an era of intense social changes, and the class structure is bound to change. The key is what direction to develop.

"We must prevent social strata from solidifying.

We should strive to create a social environment and atmosphere conducive to upward mobility, so that all people can have a "Chinese dream", that is, as long as Chinese citizens, as long as they work hard, whether they are children of remote areas or children of urban residents, everyone has equal opportunities and room for improvement. They may change their fate by virtue of their talents and hard work.

Only in this way can China's future sustainable development be guaranteed.