Basic Accounting Knowledge: Loss

"Loss" is not only a daily term, but also an accounting term. "Loss" occurs in different places. Meaning There are also differences.

　　 accounting There are two kinds of "loss". According to the accounting standards for enterprises (basic principles (2006)), loss refers to the outflow of economic interests that are not related to the daily activities of enterprises, which will lead to the reduction of owners' rights and interests, and to the distribution of profits to owners.

There are two kinds of "loss": one is the loss that is directly included in the owner's equity, that is, the loss that should not be included in the profits and losses of the current period, which will cause the owner's equity to decrease and change, and that is not related to the distribution of profits to the owner, and the other is the direct loss into the profits of the current period. The "loss" refers to the loss that should be included in the profits and losses of the current period, which will lead to a reduction in owner's equity and no profit distribution to the owner. A concept opposite to it is "gain".

Generally, through 400 "capital surplus - other capital accumulation" subjects accounting, the sources include: the enterprise takes long-term equity investment and adopts the equity method to calculate, and other changes in the owner's rights and interests other than net profit and loss of the invested entity. The share of the enterprise's share should be calculated according to the shareholding ratio; the share settlement paid by rights and interests shall be exchanged for the amount determined by the employees or other parties to provide services according to the regulations; when the real estate or inventory is converted to the investment real estate measured by the fair value model, the book value can be counted as part of the fair value part of the transfer day; the investment from holding to maturity shall be classified as a sale of financial assets, or a portion of the sale of financial assets can be classified as the transferred part of the investment that is held to maturity. "Loss" directly incorporated into owner's equity

The loss that is directly included in the current profit is accounted for through 6711 "non operating expenses" subjects. Its sources include loss of disposal of illiquid assets, exchange losses of non monetary assets, loss of debt restructuring, public welfare donations, extraordinary losses, loss of inventory losses and so on.

The "loss" content in the general provisions of enterprise finance and the rules of financial affairs of enterprises, "loss" in the thirty-second article of the general principles of enterprises, should be the items for impairment of assets in accounting, such as "bad debt preparation", "loan loss preparation" and "inventory depreciation preparation". There is no overlap with the "loss" content in the accounting definition.

The "assets loss" of financial enterprises in the thirty-first financial rules of financial enterprises includes loss of credit assets, loss of bad debts, investment losses, loss of fixed assets and construction projects and so on, nor is it a "loss" in accounting concepts.

The reclassification of "loss" in the enterprise income tax law and its implementation regulations, the "loss" in the eighth section of the enterprise income tax law, "the actual expenses related to the acquisition of income, including costs, expenses, taxes, losses and other expenditures" in the enterprise, is interpreted in the thirty-second of its implementing regulations as "refers to the losses and losses caused by the force majeure factors such as loss of inventory, damage, scrap, transfer of property, loss of bad debts, loss of bad debts, natural disasters and other force majeure factors occurred in the production and operation activities of enterprises." The "loss" obviously includes only the part of the accounting "loss" that is included in the profit and loss, and also covers some of the contents of the "cost" in accounting.

The "loss" mentioned in other statutes refers to "loss" more regulations, but the "loss" is mostly used in daily life. simple The meaning of interest is impaired.

For example, in the tenth section of the amendment to the criminal law of the People's Republic of China (six), the concept of "loss" in "giving banks or other financial institutions a significant loss" and "causing special losses to banks or other financial institutions" is obviously divorced from the meaning of accounting.