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Valuation Method Of Inventory

2011/1/29 10:15:00 82

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I. concept of inventory, confirmation and valuation method

1, the concept and confirmation of cargo.

Inventory refers to the material and materials consumed by the enterprise in the daily production activities that are sold for sale or in the production process, in the production process or in the process of providing labor services.

If an asset item is to be identified as an inventory, it must first conform to the definition of inventory. Secondly, it is necessary to conform to the confirmation condition of inventory, that is, the economic interest contained in the inventory may flow into the enterprise, and the cost of the inventory can be measured reliably.

2. inventory valuation method.

The method of inventory valuation refers to the method of determining the value of stock issued and issued.

Only by accurately calculating and determining the value issued by the inventories can we accurately calculate the production cost and the selling cost.

In daily work, inventory valuation can be realized by actual cost or planned cost.

Two, accounting method of inventory cost

1. calculate the cost of inventory acquisition.

In practical work, the factors that affect the value of the inventory account are mainly as follows:

(1) the cost of outsourcing inventory.

(1) purchase price should confirm purchase price according to the invoice value, but does not include the increment that can be deducted according to the regulation.

Tax amount

。

2. Other expenses that can be attributed to the cost of inventory purchase refer to all kinds of expenses that an enterprise needs to purchase before entering the warehouse, such as warehousing expenses, packing charges, reasonable loss during pportation, and sorting and sorting expenses before entering the warehouse.

(3) the relevant taxes and charges refer to the taxes and duties that should be included in the cost of inventory purchase, such as import duties, consumption tax, resource tax and deductible value-added tax, which are purchased, made or commissioned by the enterprise.

(2) the cost of inventory obtained by processing is composed of the cost of purchase and the cost of processing.

(3) the cost of inventory acquired in other ways.

The cost of an investor's inventory shall be determined in accordance with the value stipulated in the investment contract or agreement, except that the value of the contract or agreement is not fair.

2. The cost of inventories obtained through non monetary assets exchange, debt restructuring and enterprise merger shall be determined according to the relevant accounting standards.

(3) the cost of inventory surplus should be regarded as the value of personal accounts according to its replacement cost, and the accounting treatment should be carried out through the subject of "disposal of property gains and losses".

2. accounting for inventory cost.

The enterprise shall reasonably choose the method of calculating the inventory cost according to the actual situation, so as to rationally determine the actual stock issue in the current period.

cost

。

(1) individual valuation method.

The cost of issuing inventory and ending inventory is reasonable and accurate.

(2) FIFO.

In order to purchase the stock first, we should first issue (sell or consume) such a stock.

premise

The inventory is issued.

(3) weighted and moving weighted averages.

Weighted average method is not conducive to strengthening inventory management.

So from a management point of view, this method is not very rigorous.

The mobile weighted average enables the management to keep abreast of the inventory balance, and the average unit cost and the inventory cost of the issued and stored inventory are more objective.

(4) plan to become a law.

Inventory income, issuance and balance are calculated by planned cost.

Three, how to choose a scientific inventory valuation method.

In determining inventory valuation methods, we must adhere to the following criteria: Based on historical cost, adhering to the objectivity principle, truthfully reflecting the cost of sales and the value of ending inventory; adhering to the principle of caution, ensuring that the owners and potential investors make decisions whenever possible to avoid risks and maximize the risk gains.

The primary factor to consider in choosing inventory valuation method is the characteristics of inventory and its management requirements.

The second factor is the impact of inventory valuation methods on corporate finance.

The third factor is the impact of inventory valuation methods on business management and performance evaluation.

The choice of inventory valuation method needs to consider all the above factors, and it is difficult to adopt any method to take account of all aspects.

Four. Improved inventory valuation method.

Through the above discussion, various valuation methods have their defects. Here is a new inventory valuation method, the latest valuation method.

The principle of operation is to adopt the most advanced price method, and the income of normal stock is calculated according to the actual quantity, unit price and amount.

If the purchase price changes, even if there is no sales or consumption, the cost of inventory balance is calculated at the latest unit price, and the resulting difference is calculated through the "inventory commodity" ledger.

When sales business occurs, the unit cost of carry over is the latest purchase price.

Since the inventory and the sold inventory are priced according to the latest purchase price, the cost of inventory storage will be greater than, less than or equal to the available cost minus the cost of goods sold.

When prices rise, the former will be greater than the latter, indicating the possible gains from price increases. The difference will be registered in the differential column of the "inventory commodity" ledger, using blue pen or positive number to indicate the loan difference; when prices fall, the former will be smaller than the latter, indicating the possible loss caused by the falling prices.

At this time, the difference between the purchase price of the "inventory commodity" ledger and the difference column is registered with a red pen or negative number.

Only when prices rise and fall is exactly offset by each other, will the two party be equal in amount.

The cost of selling is carried out at the end of the month or at the end of each shipment. The cumulative difference in the total price difference of the inventory account is adjusted at the end of the month.

Five. Analysis of the latest valuation method.

1. scientific nature.

Adopting the latest purchase price method can not only make the end inventory cost of the enterprise close to the market price, but also make the determination of the ending inventory cost more realistic, and make the current income match the current cost, so as to prevent the phenomenon of profit overestimation and excess distribution when prices rise.

This not only preserves the advantages of FIFO, last in first out and last price, but also overcomes their shortcomings.

The outstanding advantage of the latest purchase law is that it can provide information about the price changes and the possible revenue and loss that the management needs, and adopt the latest purchase price method. By setting the price difference column of the "inventory commodity" ledger, it can reflect the difference of the price of all kinds, all kinds and all commodities at any time, so that the management can manage the inventory of the enterprise.

2. simplicity.

In the latest purchase price method, as long as the formula is prepared beforehand, others can be automatically carried out by the computer.

The computer can calculate and summarize the difference of the purchase price at each time of purchase. At the end of each sale or at the end of the month, the cost can be automatically carried out at the end of the month, and the number and balance of a certain category and deposit account can be displayed or exported at any time.

The latest purchase price method only needs to add a price difference column to the "inventory commodity" subsidiary ledger. It can also add one loan to two small columns in the price difference column, and the account book setting will not be complicated.

3. timeliness.

Because of the difference between the cost of goods sold and the aggregate purchase price at any time, the latest purchase law will not be bothered by timely trouble.

Therefore, compared with other inventory valuation methods, the latest pricing method is more scientific and practical.

It is applicable not only to the inventory accounting of various enterprises, but also to the accounting of different inventory items of the same enterprise.

It is the first choice of the inventory valuation method.