The Factory Opens To The Door &Nbsp; The Mainland Industry Pfer Urgently Needs To Solve 5 Difficult Problems.

In the past thirty years since the reform and opening up, especially in the past more than 10 years, the eastern region has been able to take the lead in the central and western regions in the process of economic development. A key reason is that it has undertaken the industrial pfer in developed countries, especially the manufacturing industry.

Now, inside China

Industrial pfer in the world is entering the fourth time, and this time is dominated by China's industrial pfer.

That is, from the eastern coastal areas to the central and western developed areas, the image can be called "open the factory to the door."

Previous industrial pfer has led to the development of a country or region, and how to do well the gradient pfer of industries will become an important step that will affect China's economy to take off again.

However, the pfer of factories to the output of labor force and the pfer of industries to the central and western regions still face many problems. It is impossible to achieve overnight success. It is still necessary to co-ordinate the planning according to local conditions, to form a gradient pfer mode instead of decentralization, and to give full play to the cluster effect and driving effect of the industry.

Huaihua is located in the southwestern part of Hunan province. To the west is the southern part of Guizhou, which is adjacent to Guangxi. The train to Shenzhen is about 16 hours away. The former young workers in Huaihua went to Shenzhen. Before and after 2009, at least 2 Shenzhen enterprises built factories in Huaihua.

It is not just Shenzhen enterprises that build factories into the mainland.

Compared with the excitement of the establishment of an OEM giant Foxconn in Henan to accommodate more than 100 thousand employment factories, Luo Weiming's decision to build a garment processing factory in Chuzhou, Shanghai, did not cause much response, but Luo Weiming told reporters in an unassailable tone: "in the next 3~5 years, due to the shortage of labor force, it is very difficult to find a factory for textile and garment production in the suburbs of Shanghai and surrounding areas."

Cheap labor is one of the most powerful supporting points for China to become the "world factory", including Foxconn. It is China's continuous supply of labor and various abundant cheap resources that enable these enterprises to win the world market with cost advantages. Now this situation is changing.

Wang Jianceng, vice president of the China macroeconomic Association of the national development and Reform Commission, told the media that China has arrived at the "turning point of Lewis", that is, in the process of industrialization, with the gradual pfer of surplus rural labor to non-agricultural industries, the surplus labor force will gradually decrease and eventually disappear.

Problem: Logistics

However, the inland and central western regions still have many disadvantages relative to the coastal environment, regardless of their geographical environment or investment environment. This is also an obstacle to the industry's westward advance.

January 29, 2008, responsible for business and

In fact, the logistics condition has always been a bottleneck restricting the development of the western region.

Terry Gou's concern is also the focus of attention of all investors.

At present, Sichuan has proposed building a comprehensive pport hub for the west, adding more than 10 new channels.

And in October last year, it opened the train to Europe via Alashankou, and opened a direct cargo flight to North America.

In addition, compared with those big projects with government support, other enterprises that pfer are still short of logistics, and are worried about the pfer of local leaders. The head of a Taiwan funded notebook matching enterprise told reporters that the pfer of leadership can easily bring about changes in policies and lead to changes in the investment environment.

Problem: industry matching

Yun Da clothing is one of the investment projects of Huaihua industrial park with industrial pfer color. In 2009, the company put into operation, and the actual operation did not achieve the desired results.

According to people familiar with the matter, Yun Da clothing is mainly engaged in clothing foreign trade business, the original factory in Shenzhen.

Statistics show that Yun Da clothing is a Hong Kong funded enterprise, mainly produces American police clothing, has a fixed source of overseas raw materials procurement and product sales market.

Before and after 2009, due to the rising labor costs and other factors, Yun Da clothing decided to build a 20 thousand square meter standard workshop in Huaihua Industrial Park, which was originally planned to be produced in Hunan and shipped to Shenzhen for export.

The first difficulty encountered in local production is that the industry chain is not matched.

People familiar with the matter said

Pu Yuan, Tongxiang, Zhejiang, is a gathering place for sweater production. As early as 2008, the price increase of local enterprises has already made local enterprises feel overwhelmed. For a proposal to leave the development of Pu Yuan to other areas, a head of the enterprise was worried. He told reporters that in Pu Yuan, the woollen sweater industry chain developed and perfected, and all the materials needed to produce sweaters can be found locally. It is difficult to get similar supporting conditions in other places.

The bigger the hope, the bigger the disappointment, and there is no shortage of hope for the mainland development zone that expects industrial pfer to promote economic development.

In the industrial park of a county in Anhui Province, there are all kinds of recruitment advertisements on both sides of the road. In the industrial park, half of the tall grass is covered with high winds.

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A local industrial park investment department believes that the pfer of industry to achieve the desired results, not only to pfer an enterprise, it is best to pfer the entire industry chain.

Although the theoretical circle is still controversial about whether the turning point of Lewis is coming, the Ningbo YOUNGOR [10.59 1.53%] daily textile printing and dyeing Co., Ltd. issued a request before the Spring Festival, asking the employees not to ask for leave before and after the Spring Festival. Otherwise, the notice of three times the wage penalty will really show how serious the shortage of migrant workers is.

A government official briefed the first Financial Daily reporter that some people had made a rough survey. The cost of land and manpower in Chengdu is about 16% cheaper than that in Shanghai. The salary of Chengdu IT personnel is only 50% of that in Shanghai.

A shoemaking business owner in Chengdu also said that although the logistics cost in Chengdu is 3 yuan more than each pair in Guangzhou, the cost of labor and land is not the same, and Guangzhou is still unable to recruit people.

Take a city in the West as an example, its land cost is 500 thousand yuan ~60 yuan per mu, and 700 thousand yuan ~80 yuan per mu.

And these lands do not have such a high price for enterprises. Compared with the eastern coastal areas, they have great cost advantages.

Moreover, the local government will give some preferential policies to some investment projects.

Because for the central and western regions, not to mention hundreds of millions of yuan, that is, tens of millions of yuan investment is very large, investment enterprises can negotiate with the local government to obtain many preferential policies.

In the course of investment, enterprises can also get preferential fees such as fee waiver and land sign green channel.

More importantly, the state has implemented a new strategy for the development of the western region, encouraged the pfer of industries to the central and western regions, and issued the "guiding opinions on the undertaking of industrial pfer in the central and western regions", in particular, the income tax in the state encouraged industries was reduced by 15%.

This is 10 percentage points lower than the income tax on the coast.

In addition, the impact of the financial crisis on the eastern region and the continuous rise in production costs will force the upgrading of the eastern region's industries to optimize, thus accelerating the outward pfer of low-end industries.

But behind this huge industrial pfer picture, a series of problems need to be solved.

Problem: shortage of technical workers

What's more, it is unexpected that when factories are opened to the door, they do not suffer from "shortage of migrant workers" as imagined, and the quality of local workers can not meet the requirements of enterprises.

In contrast, Foxconn and other large projects are much more leisurely. Its recruitment is arranged by the government, and the Foxconn recruited last year was organized by Chengdu to Shenzhen for training.

A staff member from the Employment Bureau of a local district introduced that several people had sent several people at the time, regardless of the cost.

However, other enterprises need to solve their own problems. An energy saving lamp enterprise official said, it is very difficult to recruit people, and it is more difficult to recruit suitable people. Because of the shortage of skilled workers, enterprises have to train themselves.

It takes six months for the molding workers and the corner workers to be more skilled.

The training cost per month for molding workers and corner workers is 5000~6000 yuan.

After two months' training, the product is relatively mature, but the pass rate is only 70%~80%.

If you fail to pass the pass, you must lose money. "

In addition to technical work, there are no jobs for industrial accountants, warehouses, quality inspection and so on.

In Henan Shenqiu County, the annual output value of more than 100 million yuan Zhoukou Kwan electronics technology company also encountered this problem.

For Kwan electronics, although the local staff salaries are low, 1000 yuan is still attractive to local farmers, but at the same time, the quality of their employees is not high, and they can only be responsible for some pipelining with low technical content. In important technical core posts, Kay Wang is still responsible for hiring workers from Shenzhen and other places.

Problem: batch recruitment is not easy.

In addition to the lack of industry chain, the original clothing of Huaihua hopes to build a factory in the city to solve the problem of labor shortage.

Huaihua has jurisdiction over more than ten districts and counties, and has always been the main area of labor output.

According to people familiar with the matter, the wages paid to workers by Yun Da clothing are around 1500 yuan / month, including overtime pay, while in the coastal areas, the wages of workers in YOUNGOR [10.59 1.53%] textile company are around 2000 yuan, and the company provides free accommodation for workers.

Working in Huaihua, though close to home, is easy to take care of the family. But for those young workers who have paid higher wages in coastal areas, it is clear that the attraction of going out for work is more attractive.

In February 8th, the train ticketing office in Hexi Development Zone of Huaihua City, even for train in Shanghai and Guangdong, was difficult to get tickets.

In Huaihua, where labor is exported, Yun Da clothing also suffers from the shortage of workers.

Wu, who is a foundry of famous brands such as Nike, also told reporters: "to a certain extent, pfer can reduce the cost of employment, but it will also encounter many problems, for example, it is not always possible to solve the problem of employment.

Over the past few years, some shoe manufacturers have shifted from the Pearl River Delta to the mainland. When many factories have expanded to a certain scale, they have begun to suffer from the bottleneck of employment.

So they will not put all their eggs in one basket.

Taiwan Baocheng International Group, the world's largest footwear foundry company, is also facing such embarrassment.

In recent years, Baocheng has gradually shifted its production base from mainland coastal cities to Anhui, Jiangxi and Hubei.

In Dongguan, Guangdong, the Yuyuan shoe factory invested by Baocheng here is close to 100 thousand at peak time, while in the inland provinces, twenty thousand or thirty thousand people may become a problem because of the lack of foreign workers.

Baocheng set up a factory in Yangxin, Hubei in 2008. The first phase of the project was put into operation at the beginning of last year, with more than 7560 employees.

This year, the two phase of the 20 production lines will be launched two times, and 14000 people will be recruited in the first half and the second half.

Yangxin, which has 250 thousand people with millions of people and migrant workers, appears to be negligible. At present, the recruitment of the company is not ideal.

Li Peng, secretary-general of the Asian Footwear Association, told reporters yesterday that although the cost of the PRD is still rising, the shoe companies that are moving to the mainland or Southeast Asia are not as active as they were in the past few years. Many large shoe companies still have difficulty in solving the problem of recruitment difficulties. More footwear companies are willing to stay in the PRD, and take advantage of the industry's matching, market and talent advantages to upgrade.

Problem: vicious competition in investment promotion

However, in this round of industrial pfer process, scholars still expressed concern.

"Now there are problems mainly in county-level cities and prefecture level cities, and in many parts of the west, they are far from reaching the stage of investment promotion, or the stage of seeking help."

Li Yong, director of the regional economic research center of Chongqing Academy of Social Sciences, said.

Li Yong said: "truly first-class enterprises will not come to the West. Generally speaking, the enterprises in the West are still not enough capital. Hundreds of millions of yuan investment is drizzle in the East, but in the West it is very large, not to mention hundreds of millions of yuan, that is, tens of millions of western parts are very large.

Therefore, the west is in a disadvantageous position, and the gaming ability of the enterprises is relatively strong.

In such an unequal position, on the one hand, in order to pursue GDP and pursue tax revenue, local governments may migrate to the western region in order to pursue the tax revenue, and threaten the fragile ecosystem. On the other hand, the enterprises will add many items to the local government, and the local governments will meet many demands to increase the cost of attracting investment from local governments.

Not only that, the competition among attracting investment in the western region has become increasingly fierce.

In order to enable enterprises to settle in the local area, all localities have offered preferential conditions. Enterprises often choose to obtain more conditions in several places, resulting in vicious competition.

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In fact, scholars have criticized the coastal development model of the East China Sea as "race to bottom".

However, in the process of pferring to the central and western industries, we should not only prevent the pfer of polluting industries, but also prevent the shift from "bottom to bottom competition" mode to the West.

Compared with the spontaneous scattered industrial pfer initiated by some enterprises and local government investment departments, the pfer of industries in Jiangsu and Guangdong is more organized.

Guangdong has organized a "cage for birds" in economically developed areas such as Shenzhen and Dongguan, and has planned several industrial pfer parks in northern Guangdong and other places. Guangdong Qingyuan city has seized the opportunity of Foshan's industrial pfer and built a ceramic production base.

In the 90s of last century, Jiangsu put forward the strategy of regional common development, promoting the development of Northern Jiangsu through South of Jiangsu's industrial pfer to northern Jiangsu, and narrowing the development gap between South of Jiangsu and Northern Jiangsu.

The materials released by the Jiangsu provincial development and Reform Commission show that Jiangsu has persisted in promoting four pfers of industry, finance, science and technology and labor force for many years. During the "11th Five-Year" period, the pfer payment and special funds of the Jiangsu provincial government reached 146 billion 300 million yuan in the north of Jiangsu Province, and 9854 yuan in industrial pfer projects in Northern Jiangsu Province, with a total investment of 608 billion 600 million yuan; the relevant departments in Jiangsu organized the North South Joint Development Park, and the South of Jiangsu Development Zone adopted the selection team and the tie pair to help the construction and development zones in the North of Jiangsu Province. The efficiency of the industrial pfer projects was relatively higher, and the main economic indicators in Northern Jiangsu had been increased for four consecutive years higher than the average level of Jiangsu Province in the past 5 million years.

Five modes of industrial pfer:

Cost reduction type

Resource utilization type

Market expansion type

Enterprise cluster type

Strategic investment type

The main factors that affect the industrial pfer are:

Adjustment of national policies

Environmental pollution

Transport logistics

The overall quality of labor force

Industrial matching capability

The comprehensive environment for business operation

Financing environment