Financial Management Methods In A Dream Of Red Mansions

In a dream of Red Mansions, plain things are everywhere.

The dream of Red Mansions, which originated in the middle of the eighteenth Century, is both a great and an encyclopedia in the feudal society of China.

The book about financial management, especially on the prevailing financial management methods, such as usury and pawn, and other creative financial management methods, such as reducing property losses and implementing the "contract system" in the Grand Park, are very life flavor and characteristics of the times; and the financial management methods such as opening up sources and saving money and reducing wastage not only have a certain reference value for the general readers, but also have a certain reference value for financial personnel to do well in the financial management of enterprises and institutions and raise the level of financial management.

First, clarify job responsibilities, formulate financial compensation system, and reduce property losses.

In the thirteenth time of the dream of Red Mansions, Wang Xifeng accepted the five funeral tasks of Ning Guo government when he accepted the funeral arrangements of Ning Guo Fu: "the first one is a mixture of population and something missing; two things do not have a special responsibility, and a time shift prevarication; three, it is necessary to spend too much money and abuse the blame; four, no size and no pain; five, the families who are full of dignity and face are not satisfied with the bundle, and those who have no face can not advance."

The five are the customs of Ningfu.

Facing the five drawbacks of Ningfu, Fengjie immediately took measures to put the work into teams and groups, and people were responsible for the work.

Wang Xifeng ordered Ming Ming to make a book. She came to raise her daughter-in-law and asked her family to take a look at the roster. It was also limited to second days in the morning.

On the morning of the second day, at the very beginning of Wang Xifeng's office, he first announced his policy of administration: "if I was entrusted with me, I would say that I could not displease you. I am not as good as your grandmother, but I have to thank you for saying so.

Now I must follow my line and be mistaken. I can not tell who has a face and who has no face.

Next, organize the family and daughter-in-law to clarify their responsibilities.

Instruct Cai Ming to read the roster, call it in name by one name, and organize more than one hundred and twenty people into several classes, sending various jobs separately.

There is a single person who goes to and from tea, who has a single family of relatives and tea, who has the spirit of incense before the oil, and the hangers.

If you have less than one item, you must pay for it.

They also took turns to take care of the portals every day, monitoring the fire and cleaning the place.

The rest is divided according to the house. Someone keeps a place, where all the tables and chairs are antiques. As for the spittoon duster, a grass or a seedling, or lose or bad, settle accounts with those who are guarding this place, and still pay for it.

Wang Xifeng also made a request to the people in charge of the management, to come up with the daily check ups, or to get lazy, gamble, drink, fight and quarrel, and report immediately.

If you have any favoritism, once you find out, you can't look at your three or four old faces.

Finally, Wang Xifeng summed up and put forward the concept of time: "now there are rules, after that line of chaos, only to speak with that line.

I always have my own timepiece with my people, regardless of size.

There is also a clock in your room.

Two minutes ago, I ordered my breakfast and I was having breakfast. Anyone who got the card was only at the beginning of the afternoon.

At the beginning of the evening, I burned the twilight paper, and I went to check it everywhere, and came back to the key for the night.

In this way, the organization of people and things can be done: things are done by people, things are managed by others, responsibilities are distinct, each performs its duties, costs are reduced and benefits are improved.

Two, act according to the system, oppose waste and reduce expenditure.

In this regard, Chun Chun, Li Wan and Bao Chai acted as agents of the chancellor of the exchequer, better than Wang Xifeng.

After Wang Xifeng's illness, they were appointed temporarily by Mrs. Wang as "Minister of finance".

The first step was to take three kinds of disadvantages in fiscal expenditure. The first cut was the undue funeral allowance for her uncles; the second was to cut the monthly payments of the girls who included herself, and the third was to reform the management method and the sideline income distribution method of the grand garden, so as to mobilize the enthusiasm of all the women in the park and increase the income and reduce expenditure.

First look at the first knife: Zhao Guoji, the mother of Zhao's mother, the mother of Zhao Chun, the mother of a big housekeeper. Wu Xindeng's daughter-in-law deliberately did not say the number of funeral subsidies before. She also had no idea.

Chun Chun persisted in finding out the old debts in accordance with the system. According to the example, the reward of silver 20 two was not enough, it not only returned to others' deliberate difficulties, but also did not fear the confrontation with the natural mother, which vividly showed the magnanimous mind and fearless fighting spirit of Chun Chun.

Look at the second knife again: Chun Chun proposed to abolish the fees of Pao, Jia Huan, Jia Lan, three people going to school, 82 dollars of paper and pen each year, because this expenditure is actually subsidized to their assail people, Zhao aunt and Li Wan in the name of their schooling, and three of them originally had silver for each month, so they did not have to repeat their expenses again.

Chun Chun said: "the use of all men is in the monthly income of each room: the elder brother's aunt is 22, Baoyu is the 22 of the old lady's house, and the" Lan Ge Er is the grandmother's house collar, how to learn more than 82 people? "

Obviously, this is an overlapping expenditure.

Once it was discovered, Chun Chun immediately made a decision: "from today on, this is done."

In connection with this, she also found that the head grease powder used by girls and girls was bought by comprador, but the person who handled it was "not to take it off, but to buy it is not a genuine commodity".

As a result, half of them used their monthly money to buy and buy.

After finding out the reasons, Tan Chun decided to "rake up two dollars and lose half of the stuff."

Although these two tax relief are only a drop in the bucket for serious financial difficulties, they can, after all, show the remarkable observability and smart financial ability of the province.

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Three, implement the "responsibility system" and "expenditure" as "income".

Chun Chun was inspired by the garden management of the slaves, and implemented the "contract responsibility system" for the grand garden.

Compared with the previous ones, this reform is truly innovative.

How did the "new thinking" contract come from?

Obviously, it is inspired by Lai Da garden management.

Lai Dayuan was a slave of the Jia family, and later became a prefect by virtue of his master.

This kind of slave to the master, because of the hardships of the past hardships, after the success, often able to calculate carefully, frugal family.

Lai Da manages the garden's way to make a deep impression on Chun Chun. After visiting the Lai garden, Chun Chun said to the people, "this garden has been wrapped up in a year, except for the flowers and fish that they bring with them. There are two hundred and twenty silver left in the end of the year.

From that day on, I learned that a broken lotus leaf and a dry grass root are valuable.

Lai's business mentality and business talents shook up the heart of Chun Chun, which made the exploration of a big family friend who was deeply influenced by Confucius and Mencius.

After being in office, we can quickly deduce the following inference: our garden is only half as much as that of theirs. Twice a year, we have four hundred interest on silver. If we lose our money at the same time, we will not have such a thing. If we send two people, there will be a lot of valuable things to be done. It seems that we will be able to pick up a few old cost points in all the old mothers in the garden. We can know that the gardening field has sent them to clean up their food, and they do not need to pay rent tax. We only ask them what they can do for a year. Tan Chun is not a romantic character like Bao and Dai.

A garden has a specially appointed person to repair flowers and trees. It seems that one year is like a year, and there is no need for temporary bustle. The two is not to play the role of, but has failed to live up to the 3 things. Three, the old mothers can also take advantage of this small supplement to help the adults to work hard in the garden. Four, they can also save the labor cost of these flower makers, mountain craftsmen, and cleaning people.

This is enough to make up for the shortage.

The idea of Chun Chun immediately won the endorsement of Li Wan and Bao Chai. Li Wan made a more concise summary of the "contract system": "saving money and doing things small, people in the garden are cleaning, specializing in their jobs, and allowing them to sell money."

Make it right, move it to benefit, and then do it all.

From the perspective of form, the last sentence is almost the basic principle of modern contract system.

循此思路，探春和李紈，寶釵又一道對“承包”的具體辦法進行了商討，最后敲定了這樣幾點：（1）按類別劃分承包對象（2）某人管某處，按四季除家中定例用多少外，余者可由承包人拿去生利，所得歸已；（3）承包人年終不用歸賬（理由是，若歸到賬房，則必受賬房的管轄、捉弄與盤剝，若歸到里頭，則不免“這個多了那個少了，倒多了事”）；（4）承包人須在年終“拿出若干吊錢來”散與園中未承包的那些老媽媽（理由是，若承包人“只管了自己寬裕，不分與她們些，她們雖不敢明怨．心里卻都不服，只用假公濟私的，多摘你們幾個果子，多掐兒枝花兒，你們有冤還役處訴呢”）。

So how do the people react to this?

When Chun Chun and other people told the women who had been summoned the plan of the contracted garden, "when they heard it, they all listened to it, and said," that piece of bamboo is handed over to me for only one year, and next year is another piece.

In addition to eating bamboo shoots at home, you can pay some money a year.

This one said, "that piece of rice land is given to me. The grain of these birds and birds that they play these years do not have to move the money in the palace, and I can pay the grain."

And when the women know the favourable conditions of the contract, they will be more ready to cheer up.

"All the women listened to this argument and went to the accounting office to be under control, and not to settle accounts with Feng Jie.

One year, however, many more money came out, and all of them were happy and abnormal. They all said in a chorus: "willing!" as if they were rubbed out and rubbed out, they had to pay for their money. "No matter what they did, they listened to every year for no reason to get the money." they even liked it.

This is a great achievement. Everyone is happy. The remaining problems are contracted by whom.

After studying by Chun Chun and others, all the bamboos were contracted by Zhu Ma, and Tian Ma, who had vegetables, rice, barnyard and so on in the area of rice and fragrant rice, was contracted to the flowers and plants in the Wuyuan courtyard and the Yihong hospital.

At this point, the Contractor's plan has been put into practice.

The management plan for the Grand View Garden is a budding contract responsibility system, and its driving force is huge indeed.

Because of her move, the Grand View Garden has changed from a simple consumption type to a form of production and consumption.

This reform was indeed extremely valuable at that time. Even today, we seem to be quite innovative. It is a reasonable and effective way of managing money.

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Four, lease land, levy "

Jia is a "rentable" family. Apart from salary, salary and grace, rent and rent are their main source of income.

In addition to physical rent, there are also some "silver folding" which are close to the currency rent. This is what they need most urgently, because they can buy anything if they have money in cities.

At the end of one year, Wu Jin Xiao came to the government to pay rent. Jia Zhen had no strong reaction to the "real rent" of the large quantities of delicacies such as mountains and rivers, charcoal, oil and rice, and the best way to mobilize his nerves was "money rent" - silver.

He originally calculated that there were at least five thousand and two hundred silver coins, but in fact, only two thousand five hundred and two of them were folded.

There are lots of land in Rong Guo, but there are only two thousand three thousand dollars of money and land rent. Jia Zhen is very angry. He said: "in the past few years, a lot of money has been spent, which can not be avoided but not added to the silver industry.

In the past one or two years, I have lost a lot. I don't want to go with you.

Obviously, they are asking for money and asking for money. They really let the money go to madness. Jia Lian said, "this meeting will be good for another three million dollars!" this represents the wishes of the prime ministers.

The owners of the house were eager to search for more money to make up for the huge deficit of the Treasury, but they were very incompetent.

Jia She "does not manage family affairs", Jia Zheng also "do not know the family", Jia Zhen "where to do business, just can not enjoy", Jia Lian is to see the money, "oil pot to get flowers."

Neither of them could think of a way to get silver.

Wang Xifeng, who is less afraid of ten thousand minds, has a higher talent in this respect than those with the top of the belt.

Five, usury

Wang Xifeng often

In fact, in the author's writings, Mrs. Wang also shows money lending activities.

When Jia Jia was copied, Jia Zheng asked Jia Lian: "because I am not in the family because of my official career, I call you husband and wife Prime Minister family.

Why did your father do so hard to persuade him?

Besides, we should not do so.

Jia Lian answered, "these accounts are not even known to my nephew, but I want to ask Zhou Ruiwang to know."

Wang Xifeng asked her to accompany her husband to lend money to her. Zhou Rui was Mrs. Wang's accompanying room. He managed to rent money from Chuang-tzu's money in the government of Rong state, and there were three or five hundred thousand dealings every year. The loan sharking he managed should be Wang Furen's, of course, her two nephew was a partner in usury.

The author only selected Wang Xifeng's money lending activities and Wang Xifeng's money to save money for TIGI. The author made such an account in the book: one is to deduct the monthly money of the girls, one is to advance money and the other is to get the monthly money of the maids.

Thirty-six times, there was such a story: Mrs. Wang heard that Aunt Zhao complained that the monthly money was not counted, so she asked Wang Xifeng to come.

Wang Xifeng explained, "the month of the girl's aunt is originally a hoisting of money from the old people, and every girl of the auntie is halved, and each person has five hundred dollars, each two girls, so she has a short money.

Now I give them in my hand, and I have a good time every month.

He Cengshunshun was so slippery that she seemed to be right in reply, winning the praise of Aunt Xue: "it looks like a walnut car, and the bill is clear and fair."

In fact, Wang Xifeng is lying, where is it negotiable outside?

Obviously, she took private lending and deductions and took out loans.

She said that since she paid monthly money, she had a good life every month. What is the truth?

Thirty-ninth Hui people and Ping Er have such a dialogue, attacking the human world: "this month's money, even the old lady, wife's house has not put, why?"

Ping Er saw and asked, busy turning to the assail man, and saw no one, whispered: "you don't ask!! it's two days later.

This month's monthly money, our grandmother has already been sent to the people.

The money is collected elsewhere, so that it can be put together.

When the money is spent, there is a space to drill. This is what Wang Xifeng said, "thousands of thousands of dollars."

In this way, her TIGI money can be worth two thousand dollars in less than a year.

Li Wan could not help marveling: "everyone will tell you what to do!" because Wang Xifeng's financial tactics were clever and skillful in "scheduling" money, he quickly made the money from less to more and realized the appreciation of money.

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Six, pawn

The pawn activities reflected in a dream of Red Mansions are mainly reflected by the Xue family, whose pearl is like gold and earth.

Although the Xue family of imperial merchants in the Shang Dynasty took the name of money and grain in the Ministry of household, its main source of economy was the business of every province, the business of Kyoto, that is, the pawn shop that was set up everywhere.

There were several times in the book that Xue family had "pawnshops" in the South and in Beijing.

They can cash money from the pawnshop at any time.

Relying on this kind of pawn activities, Xue pan not only spends money like water, but also lives in a luxurious and lavish way of "fighting a chicken and taking a long journey, enjoying the mountains and rivers". He can even rely on money to kill people several times.

"He said he could spend a lot of money."

As a result, Jia Yu Cun was really "courting the law" in order to curry favor with "Jia and Wang two Gong".

Later, in order to put an end to Xue Pan's death in Zhang's three case, Xue took money from the pawnshop, sent off the yamen, invited Mr. knife, and then took the silver from the pawn shop to make a charge for the yamen, and then spent thousands of money to buy the county magistrate. So the witness changed his attitude, and the scribe changed the corpse. "The county magistrate made a false impression", and it became a "wrong wound". Finally, he used the silver to get a piece of paper from the Ministry of punishment, and Xue Po was out of the law again. "".

Let's see how the pawnhouse is pawned.

It seems that the government has not opened the pawnshop, nor does it need to take anything to mortgage, but the "dream of Red Mansions" describes the pawnpawning activities of the people of the Jia mansion many times.

For example, in order to save TIGI, Wang Xifeng spent more money in search of money, and even covered it with dry pawn business.

Fifty-third back to Jia Zhen and his son, he talked about Wang Xifeng's pawn. Jia Rong said, "if the mansion is poor, I heard the two aunt and the mandarin duck quietly deliberate and steal the old lady's things as silver."

Jia Zhen laughed and said, "that's the ghost of Feng girl. It's so poor.

He must have seen the way out. He really lost money. He did not know which money to save. First, he set up this method to make people know that he was poor enough to do so.

Jia Zhen's words broke the intrigues and tricks of Wang Xifeng, and pierced the nature of her treachery.

Jia Lian sent silver to Wang Xifeng, and Wang Xifeng said, "what silver?

You haven't known your family recently.

Our monthly example does not catch up with a month. Yesterday I made three hundred gold coins for two gold collars, leaving only 20 or so left.

Is Wang Xifeng really poor enough to be a gold collar to fill his daily expenses?

No! This is a kind of deceit, in order to cope with Jia Lian's unweary quest, in order to force Jia lian to send her sister killed by her thinnest ceremony.

The pawn of Jia mansion in a dream of Red Mansions is also a reflection of the declining and declining process of this bureaucratic landlord family.

Jia Lian, who once borrowed money from mandarin ducks under the guidance of Wang Xifeng, said, "these two days, because of the thousand years of the old lady, all of them have been made, and several rents and rents have been acquired in September.

Tomorrow, he will send gifts to the Nanan house, and prepare for the Double Ninth Festival of the empress. There are also several red and white gifts. At least three thousand two thousand silver coins will be used, and the gold and silver guys who will not find out the old lady will steal a box, and they will be in debt for a long time.

From this paragraph, we can see that the economy of the Jia family is getting more and more tense. The rent and the rent can no longer meet the needs of their rotten life. In order to maintain this situation, they have to demolished the east wall to make up for the west wall, steal their own homes and go out to pawn.

But in any case, pawn activity was an effective way to manage money at that time, which accelerated the circulation speed of gold and silver objectively.

Looking at the measures and methods of financial management in a dream of Red Mansions, we find that a simple modern financial concept is flashed everywhere in the dream of Red Mansions. Although some financial management methods have long been abandoned as a lonely orphan in feudal society, some of the financial management methods can indeed provide references for later financial managers.