Yangtze River Delta Medium And Small Enterprises To Solve The Problem Of Financing

Recently, due to

Capital chain

The owner of small and medium-sized enterprises in Wenzhou.

escape

Phenomenon.

This not only reflects the plight of SMEs in Wenzhou, but also reflects the current situation of small and medium-sized enterprises throughout the country.

In the first half of this year, the National Federation of industry and Commerce spent more than 2 months to conduct systematic research on 16 provinces, including Jiangsu.

It is found that SMEs, especially small and micro enterprises, may be more difficult than the financial tsunami in 2008.

A number of small and medium-sized enterprises have been investigated recently, and the prospects are not optimistic.

In October 12th, the Executive Council of the State Council introduced 9 financial, fiscal and tax policy measures to support the development of small and micro enterprises, and Nanjing also issued the "opinions on coping with the current economic situation and maintaining stable and healthy operation of the economy" to ensure that the loan growth rate of SMEs is not less than that of all loans.

Speed up

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Liu Dong, who was interviewed in the office in June, abruptly resigned, which surprised reporters.

Liu Dong's former company is a large garment manufacturer in Yangzhou, Jiangsu. At the peak, it has more than 1000 workers and several branches. Liu Dong has been vice president for nearly 10 years.

When interviewed in June this year, Liu Dong was still talking about the cost control and development strategy of the factory, but when the reporter called his office phone again recently, he was told that he had left two months ago.

After the toss and turn, the reporter finally met Liu Dong in the office of a precision machinery company in Yangzhou.

When talking about the years when he worked in the company, Liu Dong missed everything and was filled with helplessness.

　　

Garment export zero profit executives change to high technology

Good times at the beginning of the century

"There is no other choice but to go there, and it is also tasteless to eat there."

Liu Dong smiled and said that although he had worked for the old family for nearly 10 years and had many feelings, his strength was very small. "Even if he continues there, he will not change anything. He can only be a victim."

Liu Dong was regarded as an old man in the local clothing processing industry. He founded a textile mill and a printing and dyeing mill 10 years ago, and later pferred to relatives for various reasons.

In 2002, after his friend's recommendation, he came to the top management of the garment enterprise.

"At that time, the clothing processing was very good, the workers were everywhere, and the wages were not high, so the appreciation of the renminbi was not a problem."

Liu Dong couldn't help dancing when he talked about the good times.

He told reporters that a worker earned an average of only one thousand yuan a month, with a net profit of 20%.

So in recent years, enterprises have expanded significantly, and their companies have opened several branches. The number of workers has reached more than 1000, and every year they buy a lot of equipment, implement three shifts, and arrange workers to work overtime even on weekends.

But Liu Dong also frankly said: "the labor law was very loose at that time, for overtime, treatment as long as the workers agreed to do, every time recruitment is also screened, older or no work experience is not willing to use it."

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The financial crisis is on the way.

However, those good days ended abruptly because of the world financial crisis in 2008.

"The first hit was the order, which was rather sad from the end of 2008 to 2009, because orders fell sharply."

At that time, Liu Dong said his first feeling was panic, because before the expansion of capacity, if there is no order, workers and machines will be idle, every day will have a lot of expenses.

Liu Dong recalls that during that time, he had to call and exchange with his colleagues every day, and he had been probing into foreign information, and they had previously had many surplus orders subcontracted to other small factories.

Later, orders were reduced, and those subcontracting factories were frequently asked to place orders for them.

Liu Dong explained: "many small factories do not trade, they are through trade companies and large factories to pick up the bill, they do not know the situation without the list, and later heard that some factories are closing down, and it can be said that they are ahead of schedule."

And another person in charge of a well-known outdoor goods company in the same district, Mr. Lu told reporters: "there was a period of production of 20 million yuan products, only sent out 15 million, inventory of 5 million."

The reason is that many foreign businessmen suddenly have no money to pick up the goods, so they can only backlog in the warehouse, and before that, how much of their products are sold.

However, the impact did not last long. From the second half of 2009, orders for foreign trade factories began to pick up gradually. In 2010, after the new year, many foreign trade enterprises once again appeared the blowout of orders, and even finished the whole year's orders in March and April.

However, facts have proved that the warming of orders has not become the starting point for their further development, but has become a nightmare for some enterprises.

　　

Appreciation of the renminbi

"Three years ago, we felt that the workers were not enough. The number of workers resigning was increasing, but the workers who came to find jobs were not as many as they used to be."

Liu Dong recalled that by 2009, many jobs in factories had already been in a breach and even had to be rotated from other posts.

Liu Dong said that the implementation of the new labor contract law in 2008 greatly increased the mobility of workers and triggered a wave of wage increases.

"Now most factory workers earn more than 2000 yuan, and the salary of important technical posts is at least 3000 yuan or more, otherwise workers will not see it, which is nearly double that of 5 years ago."

Liu Dong expressed his understanding of this phenomenon. "Before the low wages were not normal, raising them at a time is the" arrears "before, but later it was found that even after raising wages, it is still very difficult to recruit people, which is the most troublesome thing.

Liu Dong told reporters that the number of workers has dropped by more than 50% this year, but the cost of human labor has increased by more than 40%.

"This may be one of the reasons for the sharp increase in orders over the past two years, because many factories are unable to produce because they are short of work."

The more serious predicament is more than that. Liu Dong said that the biggest impact on enterprises is RMB appreciation.

For example, when foreign customers place their order, the exchange rate is different from that when they get the payment.

According to the central bank's data, the nominal and real effective exchange rates of RMB rose by 13.5% and 23.1% respectively as of October 13th and July 2005.

Since the beginning of 2011, the renminbi has been against the US dollar.

exchange rate

The total appreciation has risen by 4.3%.

The rise in labor costs can also be solved by increasing productivity and reducing the number of workers. However, the appreciation of the renminbi is simply impossible to resist because every order it receives must be affected by it.

Liu Dong said that a few years ago, the clothing industry had a net profit of 10%.

As for raising prices, Liu Dong waved helplessly: "this is only theoretically possible. In fact, the price increases are very small. If they increase their prices too much, they can go to the central and western regions or Southeast Asia."

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Banks began to be miserly.

"Now the factory is no longer profitable. If we continue to produce, we will have to eat old books. If we can't afford to eat old books, we can only borrow money."

Liu Dong said, "we need to prepare for production. Now the price of raw materials has increased by more than two times compared with two years ago, and the advance payment for orders is not enough. At ordinary times, we have to pay workers' wages every month. This is absolutely undue. Now many foreign trade enterprises' funds are almost full of food."

Liu Dong told reporters that he could still borrow money from the bank, as long as he had fixed assets and guarantees, and many companies were rushing to give money to them because of the large scale of production and fixed assets.

But at the beginning of this year, banks suddenly began to be miserly. "Before they did not need money, they had to give credit to them. Now, sometimes, loans that are clearly said to be good will not be given at last.

If the scale is relatively small and the relationship is not hard, enterprises are basically unable to borrow money.

"Some of the bosses are sick and rushed to seek medical help and go to usury."

Liu Dong told the reporter a story of his own experience.

Xiao Dai was an employee of Liu Dong. After many years of accumulation, he began to "fly alone". In 2009, Xiao Dai pieced together about 300000 of the factories. Because of the beginning, he needed to buy a lot of equipment and raw materials. However, when he was in touch with the price surge of the year, Xiao Dai's working capital was out of order. On the one hand, he could not borrow money again because he was already in debt. On the other hand, he could not borrow money from the bank because he had no fixed assets guarantee.

Facing the order, he really can't bear to give up.

So he borrowed $200 thousand from a lender.

"Originally thought that half a month can be paid off, who knows half a year has not been dragged back, when he got enough 200 thousand, the principal and interest has risen to nearly 400 thousand, and then more rolling, the money in hand is not enough interest."

Liu Dong said that creditors are coming to debt every day, or even personal threats.

Finally, Xiao Dai, who was in a desperate situation, could only turn to Liu Dong for help. "I was so anxious that I almost knelt down."

Liu Dong asked only that Xiao Dai's borrowing had risen from 200 thousand to about 1000000.

In order to help Xiao Dai, Liu Dong found creditors through various relations. After hard negotiations, he reduced the principal and interest to about 800000.

Xiao Dai finally sold his house and some equipment to pay off.

"If banks can mortgage loans to receivables or equipment, he will certainly not lend money to usury."

Liu Dong said with emotion, "in fact, this kind of short-term capital shortage happens frequently in other small and medium enterprises. If we can not borrow money, we can only rely on enterprises to help each other urgently, but if we encounter all the funds are very tense, the consequences will be very serious."

　

The storm of financial difficulties is coming again?

It is understood that the current situation of lending funds and arrears among small and medium-sized enterprises has become increasingly common.

"Now all goods are on credit, and profits are on the books. In fact, money is not available at all. Even if some debts are recovered, it is not enough to purchase."

In a stuffed toy accessories market in Guangling District of Yangzhou, an excipient supplier told reporters that the arrears were basically toy factories, especially since last year, and the rate of return was slower and slower.

The reporters also received the same answer when they visited other suppliers.

And the owner of a nearby toy factory said that his capital turnover was very difficult, so he had to embezzle the suppliers' money. If the money was given to the supplier, the production would be stopped.

The harsh reality made Liu Dong shudder. He said he had encountered many difficulties before, but they all survived. But this year, he can no longer sit on the Diaoyutai.

"Not only small factories, but even the former clothing companies that are in charge of the production are likely to stop production by the end of the year, which is no longer a technical problem, but a lack of soil for survival."

Liu Dong said that before that, they also thought of various ways to reduce costs, such as the former purchase of finished fabric processing, and then directly buying cotton yarn, weaving and even printing and dyeing are no longer outsourced, but it turned out that the cost of saving is still a drop in the bucket.

And many local foreign trade factory owners have expressed similar pessimism.

"Now basically do not dare to pick up the list, the risk is too big, can only do a small number of domestic sales."

The owner of a plush toy enterprise in Guangling, Yangzhou, told reporters that many of the factories around him had been in a semi shutdown state.

"The beginning is the closure of small factories, and many large factories will fall behind, which is unpredictable."

Liu Dong also found that the recent level of worker wages has dropped from 100 yuan a day to 80 yuan a day, many of which have been pferred from the original factory to stop work, resulting in a "passive" relief of labor shortage.

"There is no hope of such consumption. This industry has always been eating at low cost and low price. Upgrading of the industry is a long thing. I think a lot of enterprises will die before upgrading or upgrading."

Liu Dong worries, "if the present difficulties do not worsen, even if the status quo is maintained, it is estimated that many local textile and garment enterprises will have to stop work or close down next year."

It is precisely because of worries about the industry's prospects that it prompted Liu Dong to withdraw from the industry.

Liu Dong told reporters that he is currently managing the precision machinery business is a high-tech enterprise, has independent research and development capabilities and core technology, which is the original garment processing plant does not have, he believes that his ability will be re opened here.

(for the interview, Liu Dong is a pseudonym.

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"He has been with him for over five years. He trusts me and I trust him."

When he said this, Liu Ming (a pseudonym) and his 9 other workmates were applying for the preservation of the property of his boss in the Jiangning district court, so that they could repay their wages after the latter auction.

The 10 employees who have been owed more than two months' wages are mostly 20 years old, and the oldest is just 30.

If not the boss has run away, the legal aid center, the court, the labor arbitration department and other institutions will still be like in the past, in their lives are only one of the concepts which have nothing to do with themselves, only exist in books, newspapers, television and other media.

But in the past half a month, they have frequently been in and out of Jiangning courts, often seeking help from lawyers in the legal aid center.

All of this happened on the evening of September 28th when the boss left a message that the factory could not go on.

　　

The boss is in a hurry to run.

Two months' wages owed to employees

The boss hurried on his way.

The two floor of a residential building in Guangyang village, Jiangning, is Liu Ming's Shun Dong garment manufacturing Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Shun Dong garment"). The company mainly processes quilts and drapes, and in September, the machine still rumbling in the workshop is now being locked by two big locks.

The next door of the workshop is also a private house with different specifications and no decoration.

The dust that had been thrown up by trucks passing along the road in front of the road made these unattractive buildings look "grey."

This humble place used to be the foundation of the 13 employees of Nanjing Shun Dong Garments Co., Ltd., but now it has become their sad place.

"On the evening of 28, I received a text message from my boss, saying that the factory could not go on and shut down, and the phone call of the boss turned into a text messaging state, almost 20 days, and no news.

Before the national day, Liu Mingxin had a lingering fear.

After 26 days of vacation, he went to Shanghai to play. After 7 days of the original plan, 2 days later, Liu Ming hurriedly ended his vacation and hurried back to Nanjing from Shanghai.

After receiving the text messages, other workers in the field rushed back after October 1st.

"Now think about it. The boss gave us a holiday ahead of schedule."

A female employee who worked for many years in Shun Dong recalled that eleven of the previous years had been on a normal time off, but this year, the boss gave everyone a holiday on the 26 day.

"We used to pay wages on the 18 day of each month. The boss began to delay the payroll until the end of this year.

But after September 20th, the boss did not pay yet, and he said it was 28 days later.

But on the 26 day, the boss began to give us a holiday.

I thought the boss would pay as usual during the vacation. How could he know that he had run away? "

However, Liu Ming believes that the reason why the boss gave the holiday to everyone on the 26 day was that in September, everyone worked too hard and did not rest. He spent the rest days in the last few days with the national day.

"We rest for 1 days a week, but we didn't have a rest in September. The boss said that we should catch up with all the orders before 26 days, and start the holiday from 26, and we will make up 4 rest days in September."

Despite complaints about the boss's irresponsible "run," the 13 employees said that the boss was always good at his employees, and the rooms were all wrapped up.

"There is no sign before running. It is most likely to run after tight funds."

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There were more than 200 people at the factory.

The boss sold the car for sale.

In Liu Ming's memory, Shun Dong clothing also had a prosperous time.

"In 2007, we are also in the West Bridge, the workshop has more than 1800 square meters, the rent is 4 times now, and each room is equipped with air conditioning, employees more than 200 people, much larger than the current scale."

Liu Ming introduced his boss, former director of the office of a garment factory. He took over the garment factory from his boss in early 2007 and began to operate.

But Bai Mou is not running smoothly in business. Money has not been made. More than 200 employees earn 150 thousand of the salary every month.

Liu Ming estimated that the situation that only about 1000000 of the start-up funds had been consumed in the six months had been almost the same in the case of only one out of the company. By the second half of 2007, Bo had already faced the dilemma of not paying wages to the employees.

He speculated that, from the second half of 2007, some of the salaries that employers gave to employees might be borrowed.

"There is one more detail. When the boss first took over the factory, he could produce and sell himself, because he had money in hand.

But in 2009, with its own tight funds and no money to buy the raw materials, it could only be processed in a single way.

The heavy snow at the end of 2007 overwhelmed Bai Mou's workshop in Xi Shan bridge, and he moved to Guangyang village since then. The workshop area has been reduced by half, and the staff has only five or six people.

The financial crisis that broke out in 2008 is even more urgent for Shun Tung clothing.

"Our home textile is mostly exported to the United States. The workers in the first two years are busy, but by 2008, the order is not enough, and the workers have no work to do."

Liu Ming said, at that time, the boss promised to give everyone a minimum wage for retaining the employees, fixing 1700 yuan a month.

"The order is not, the monthly minimum wage will be 100 thousand, the boss pressure can be imagined, fortunately, this is not a long time."

In the employee's memory, the boss has had two houses and a car, all have been sold off. The boss and the boss have been living in the workshop since this year.

"The boss owns a house near Confucius temple, which has 90 square meters. I heard that it sold about 1000000 in 2008."

A staff member who asked not to be named said.

The boss once had a Chery car, but last year, the employees had not seen the car for a long time before they knew it was sold.

Mr. Bai also has a property near the presidential palace, about sixty or seventy square meters, which was sold last year. This is almost all employees know.

"The boss and the boss have lived in the workshop since the beginning of this year. When the order is busy, they are also involved in the first line processing."

　　

The boss owed the debt about 300000.

There may be usury.

In fact, the wages of 13 employees in arrears are not large in the account of the boss Bo Mou.

According to a female employee, when the workers enter the factory, they must first pay a month's wages, plus the wages in September are not issued. The boss owes 2 months' wages to the employees, and the total of 13 employees is 42 thousand yuan.

In addition, the workshop of Guangyang village is rented. The site of 800 square meters has a rent of more than 40 thousand a year, but since last year, the rent of the workshop has been nearly 55 thousand.

"The landlord also lent the boss 150 thousand of the cash, the annual interest rate 6%, expired in October this year, so far has also soaked the soup."

Another female employee in the East garment company said that after the boss ran, some creditors around the factory rushed over, including the owner of the grocery store and the owner of the shop. Even a young man on the roadside had to lend the boss 2000 yuan.

"The young man said," the boss borrowed it in March this year. He said he was paying wages to his employees. Since then, the boy has asked for many times and the boss has not paid it back. "

In addition, after Bai Mou ran, there was another industry who helped Dong Shun's clothes to do the same job. He said he had done 30 thousand of the work for Bo. He said that he would not be able to find a man at the end of September.

Shun Dong clothing staff estimated that the boss owed about 300000 of these accounts.

"About 300000 of the arrears should not have forced a boss to run away. It is estimated that he will borrow money in order to pay wages to his employees."

In Shun Dong garment factory, a friend of Bai Mou guesses.

Shun Dong garment factory staff said that since 2007, the company has risen two times, the average monthly salary is 1000 yuan, and now it is an average of 2000 yuan.

According to Liu Ming, the cost of doing foundry does not require any capital cost. The workers in the East Shun have fifty thousand or sixty thousand output value per month. After deducting their wages and other expenses, the boss can drop ten thousand or twenty thousand every month. If it is to cope with production, it will not work.

"It is estimated that in the past few years, there are loans outside, and now the monthly money is not enough, interest is also forced to pay wages, and finally run."

Liu Ming disclosed that he had driven his boss to borrow money from a loan company in Xinjiekou and borrowed 30 thousand yuan, but the monthly interest rate was as high as 5000 yuan, and the interest must be paid back every month.

"This should be usury, and the borrowers say that there are 2 rest days a week and 8 days in a month, so their definition for a month is 22 days.

That is to say, borrowing 30 thousand yuan, every 22 days will have to pay 5000 yuan interest.

As for borrowing money from banks, Liu Ming said that the boss never borrowed it, and he thought he could not borrow it with his fingers.

"All of his houses are sold, the factories are rented, machines are cheap, and there is no mortgage at all, so how can they borrow money from the bank?"

And if the boss has any other large loan sharks, Liu Ming says that the boss will never tell employees anything about money, so he doesn't know if there are any other usury.

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The boss ran away.

Employees are facing difficulties in eating.

"You call the customer has enabled SMS call service, he will receive your call SMS reminder, please hang up and wait for the call back."

After calling the boss fifth times a day, Miss Rui, a worker in Shun Dong garment factory, still hears the cold machine reminder. She subconsciously touches her shrunken wallet and begins to figure out how many days she can spend.

"I only have one hundred or two hundred yuan now, and some workers even have only a few dozen yuan. In those two days, we can only eat instant noodles. If we go on like this, we will have a problem eating."

Miss Rui introduced that her hometown was originally Chaohu. She worked in Shun Dong garment factory 4 years ago. She used to work very well. No one had thought that the boss would run away.

"On the morning of 12, the workers opened the factory door and found that valuable items such as clothes and washing machines had been emptied, leaving only some worthless machines.

Judging from this sign, it should be the boss who quietly took away the valuables while everyone was on holiday.

Employees estimate that the 5 desktop computers, twenty or thirty sewing machines and 100 high iron beds that have been used for more than 4 years are not worth a lot of money.

"Even if these things sell into money, they are not enough for the wages of several of us."

In addition to eating hard, housing is also a major problem faced by this group of employees.

"The house we live in is also rented by the boss. If he runs the landlord, he will not let us live long. Maybe we will go to the streets. Some of our workmates are going to return home."

On the morning of the 14 th, when handling property preservation procedures in the Jiangning court, the cost to the court was 440 yuan, with an average of 44 yuan per employee. After a girl from Yunnan brought out the last 50 yuan, only 6 yuan was left behind.

Next to the worker, the boss is worried about finding jobs after he runs. For fear that he will meet the same "misfortune" again, he wants to go home, especially the Yunnan girl who has left home for thousands of miles. But the minimum fare from Nanjing to Yunnan is one thousand.

"The family was the last port of all, but now there is no way to get home, so we can only go on looking for a job."

A thirty year old female worker introduced that in the Shun Dong garment factory, processing a bed sheet is 4 gross, which can be processed on average 200 days. The percentage of processing a pillow is 5 gross, which can be processed on average 100 per day, and the percentage of processing a quilt cover is 4 gross and 5, which can process 150 per day.

"The boss owes me 2 months' salary, more than 4000 yuan, which is equivalent to the fact that I made 10000 sheets of paper and Chengdu was gone."

The woman worker said in frustration that her job was unstable, and that a year of success could only last 10 months in a year. Now 2 months' wages are gone, which is equivalent to 1/4 of the year's work.

"I have no confidence in going out to work now, for fear that I will run into such a small business again. After a few months, the boss has run away, and his hard-earned money has been wasted."

There is no doubt that banks should be the main channel for corporate financing.

But for small and medium enterprises, the threshold of banks seems to be a bit high, because bank loans generally require physical collateral such as factory buildings, but many small and medium-sized enterprises do not have such resources.

But the main problem is not yet here. With the adjustment of macroeconomic policy and the increase of the deposit reserve ratio, the money supply has been tightening since the beginning of this year, and the amount of funds that banks can lend to them will be limited.

Even though Jiangsu's banking sector has significantly increased lending support to SMEs this year, new loans still fail to benefit most of the small and medium-sized enterprises as a result of limited loans.

Although there are small and micro enterprises in Suzhou, "grassroots banks", but in the banking sector as a whole, is still a case.

As for private lending, the high interest rate has depressed many small and medium-sized enterprises.

Jiangsu's banking sector has indeed increased its efforts to support small and medium-sized enterprises. However, under the influence of macroeconomic regulation and control, bank funds are limited, and credit lines for small and medium enterprises are still scarce.

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Grassroots bank

Way to success

1: specializing in small and micro enterprises

2: take root in community service

3: low threshold, less than 500 thousand yuan loan only need personal guarantee.

4: control risks through a comprehensive understanding of borrowers.

More than 8 of new loans have been made to SMEs.

"At present, there has not been a big rush for small and medium-sized business owners in Wenzhou like Jiangsu."

A number of banks in Jiangsu confirmed to reporters that the operation of SMEs in Jiangsu is relatively stable and the rate of bad loans is also at a low level.

It is understood that although the scale of bank credit is very tight this year, banks will invest more loan resources to SMEs.

From 1 to June this year, the new SME loans in Jiangsu increased by 201 billion 705 million yuan, accounting for 85.6% of the total corporate loans.

There are two main reasons. First, compared with large enterprises, banks have greater bargaining power and higher profits in lending to SMEs. Two, the state has repeatedly issued policies requiring banks to support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. The bank loans in Jiangsu have been tilted to SMEs, and they have responded to the government's call.

As for the problem of loan risk control, banks will try to avoid it by choosing high-quality SMEs.

However, some banks have reflected that although the rate of bad loans of small and medium-sized enterprises has not risen, the overdue period of loans this year is far more frequent.

Equally worrying is that some bankers said that although the banking sector in Jiangsu has tried to tilt the loan quota to SMEs, but because of tight money and limited amount, there are too many small and medium enterprises who are longing for capital, so there are still many small and medium-sized enterprises unable to get loans from banks.

　　

Jiangsu is not "boss running"

"

"The business owners of Wenzhou running road are mainly in the usury, but they can not afford to go to debt, but the enterprises in Jiangsu are relatively conservative, and generally do not borrow so much money from usury."

A number of banks in Jiangsu province have said that Jiangsu has not yet had a "boss running road" similar to Wenzhou.

"What really goes on the road is to get into a loan shark, and it can't afford debt, and how to run away from a business loss." the head of a small and micro enterprise credit center, a small bank, said that although small and medium enterprises had tight funds and difficulties in operation this year, the data of their banks showed that the rate of non-performing loans of small and medium enterprises has not risen this year. The rate of non-performing loans of their small and medium-sized banks is below 7/10000, which is a safe data.

Another bank credit center responsible person said, Wenzhou will appear "boss run the tide", first, because the small businesses in Wenzhou are concentrated, it is easy to have problems, and related to the local capital profit.

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Bank loans leaning to SMEs

Since the central bank has raised the deposit reserve rate several times this year, the funds available to banks are becoming less and less.

Therefore, compared with the demand of enterprises, the scale of bank credit can be described as "lacking in money".

However, in the survey, reporters found that although banks face very tight capital, banks are inclined to small and medium-sized businesses as far as possible.

People's Bank of China Nanjing branch said that despite the tight funding this year, they still squeezed the credit scale of some large companies this year to support SMEs.

So far, their banks have invested about 3000000000 loans for SMEs this year.

By the end of 9, the small and micro enterprise loans of Jiangsu bank with a sum of less than 5 million had been issued 7 billion 720 million yuan, much higher than last year.

There are also industrial and Commercial Bank of China, this year to the end of 9 has also put in the SME loans nearly 17 billion yuan, compared with the scale of 20 billion yuan last year, this year's support for small and medium-sized enterprises has not been reduced.

From these data, it is obvious that the slant of loans to SMEs is a consistent practice of Jiangsu's banking sector this year.

Data show that in 1-6 months of this year, new SMEs in Jiangsu increased 201 billion 705 million yuan in loans, accounting for 85.6% of the total corporate loans, up 13.5 percentage points from the same period last year.

At the end of 6, the balance of loans for SMEs in Jiangsu was 2 trillion and 301 billion 556 million yuan, up 26.6% from the same period last year, which is 12.4 percentage points higher than that of all loans.

　

The quota is still "more than enough."

Although the rate of non-performing loans of SMEs has not risen, banks are also strongly supporting the development of SMEs. But in the course of the interview, reporters also learned that the overdue loans of SMEs in some banks increased significantly than last year, and the compensation of Guarantee Corporation started frequently from the second half of the year.

A bank official revealed that since the beginning of this year, the rate of non-performing loans of SMEs has not risen, but the number of overdue loans has increased significantly. Every month there are tens of millions of overdue loans, which require banks to continue to collect.

"Most of them are still coming back."

In addition, since the beginning of this year, especially since the second half of the year, the compensation for Guarantee Corporation has been increasing frequently. "That is, the enterprises can not pay the money. The Guarantee corporation who provides the guarantee first pays for it, and then the Guarantee corporation goes to preserve and prosecute.

This phenomenon has been more frequent recently. "

A bank official said that unlike the financial crisis that happened in 2008, the foreign trade industry and related enterprises in 2008 were affected. However, the situation at home and abroad this year is rather complicated. It should be said that the difficulties encountered by SMEs this year are even greater. Moreover, although the current bank lending policy is not too small, it is still difficult for many small and medium-sized enterprises to get loans from banks because of the amount of funds available and the huge number of SMEs.

He is worried that if this situation continues, more and more SMEs will have to resort to private loans with much higher interest rates. Once the funds are broken, there will be a large area of default.

A bank official revealed that their head office had already warned the steel trade industry recently because many of the people in the industry were from Wenzhou and Fukien. The bank recently basically stopped lending in this industry.

Express reporter Wang Haiyan

　

Not afraid to lend money to a small boss's grassroots bank.

500 thousand the following loans only require "personal guarantee".

More than 190 thousand private enterprises, more than 360 thousand individual businesses, and the private sector occupy a very large proportion in the economic system of Suzhou.

However, many small and medium-sized enterprises are facing the same financing difficulties in their development.

Some experts believe that small and micro enterprises are at the bottom of enterprises in Pyramid. They have the largest volume, but they also need financial support most.

In Suzhou, where the financial industry is concentrated, how small and micro enterprises can break through the bottleneck of financing difficulty has always been a difficult point.

Tai Lung Bank, which has been in Suzhou for more than half a year, likes to give loans to small and micro businesses. Therefore, it also has the reputation of "grassroots banks" in the industry.

In just a few months, Talon has served thousands of customers and has accumulated about 1000000000 yuan of funds.

How does Tai Long bank serve Suzhou's small and medium enterprises and individual businesses? Is there a balance between operation and risk control? Can the path of grass roots bank be replicated? {page_break}

　　

Cut fifth crops of leek

Founded in 1993, Zhejiang Tyrone commercial bank is a commercial bank focusing on financial services of small and micro enterprises.

In March of this year, the bank entered Suzhou, the seventh branch of the bank, and the first branch in Zhejiang after Shanghai and Jiangsu.

Bank of Nanjing, Bank of Shanghai, China Minsheng Bank, Korean National Bank, and cooperative Treasury.

There are many domestic and foreign financial institutions around Tai Long bank Suzhou branch.

Xu Shibiao, President of Suzhou branch of Tai Long bank, said: "there are more than 190 thousand private enterprises in Suzhou, more than 360 thousand private businesses, but less than 20% of the bank's credit services are available, so there are about 400000 small and micro businesses that do not get banking services. Therefore, the market of Tai Lung Bank in Suzhou is very large."

The Bank of Suzhou branch vice president Shijia said, for banks, the general lending 5 million and 500 thousand of the audit process and time-consuming, so many banks are more willing to issue large or long-term loans, customer managers are mostly reluctant to do small and short-term loans.

Enterprises have land, factory buildings, equipment, the most easy to borrow money from the bank, which is like cutting the first crop of leek; goods out, the account has not been recovered, but the bank determines that cash can flow back and lend, this is the second crop; through Guarantee Corporation, 10% of the deposit and guarantee fees to loan, is another stubble; fourth stubbles are trademarks, patents and other intangible assets, but also easy to loan.

However, these four crops are mostly aimed at large and medium-sized enterprises.

"Small and micro enterprises do not have the above conditions, especially the newly established technology companies with only computers and desks, which are easy to be ignored on loans."

Shijia believes that small and micro enterprises are the largest and most needed financial support. "We serve small and micro enterprises like cutting fifth crops of leeks, which seems to be picking sesame, but there are unlimited business opportunities."

Under such a concept, the bank has even made lending business into community management, "wholesale business of retail business", Suzhou meat market, Heng Tang decoration City, Likou furniture city and Changshu shopping mall.

Many bosses became stable customers of the bank.

　　

Small businesses also talk about credit.

Wang Jun, chairman of the Bank of Tai Lung, believes that small businesses are poorer and big businesses are richer. Banks are worried that the risk of loans to small businesses is too great.

But it is not the poor who do not trust, only the rich speak their credit.

The credibility of small businesses is not as bad as imagined.

"Who is willing to borrow a money, do not return, to destroy their reputation? People are actually talking about credit, small businesses also talk about credit, not so terrible, but the way you do is certainly different from large enterprises.

The problem of symmetric information has been solved. Do we need to borrow money?

For small and medium-sized enterprises without collateral, risk is difficult to control, the bank is not blindly, and launched the "Three Goods three watches" credit investigation means.

Shi Gang, vice president of Suzhou branch of the Bank of Tai Lung, said that the bank paid attention to on-site investigation and information that was heard side by side, and solved the problem of information asymmetry through "face to face" and "back to back" understanding.

"Through the" multi eye "verification, grasp the customer's character, products, articles, and then through the water meter, electricity meter, customs statements, to determine the production and operation of customers.

When the Bank of Suzhou branch opened just now, a customer named Mr. Xu took the initiative to open an account, saved 3 million, and later introduced a friend's account of 6 million yuan.

Soon, Mr. Xu found customer manager Wang Yuan wanted to borrow 300 thousand, Wang Yuan survey found that Mr. Xu's guarantor strength is strong, but businesses around him to evaluate Mr. Xu spending lavishly, there are still many bad deeds that do not owe money.

"In the idea of three products and three watches in Tai Long, the character is put first and has the veto power."

In the end, Wang Yuan firmly refused to cooperate with Mr. Xu.

In May this year, Wang Huazhen, a credit manager, visited the market merchants in Suzhou East China hardware and electromechanical city. When she came to "Yuan Fa Hardware" shop, she learned that her boss needed a start-up fund.

Because Pengmou has already mortgaged its own property, there are no other fixed assets, and there are not many stores and goods. For a self-employed person who has just started business, it is impossible to have a perfect formal financial statement.

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But Wang Huazhen visited Peng's supply.

Business and customers know that Peng has just started the industry, but the upstream and downstream channels are very high on him.

In particular, other merchants in the market are highly commended for Peng.

Soon, Peng was able to borrow 300 thousand yuan from the Bank of Tai Lung by virtue of his outstanding character.

In the post loan inspection, Wang Huazhen found that the money helped Peng start the production successfully.

　　

Loan "character guarantee"

"Flexible, efficient, intimate, low threshold, strong service to vulnerable customers, this is the biggest feature of our bank," said Shi Jia, vice president of Suzhou branch of Tai Long bank. The bank's "33 systems" pursues the idea of "market first" and "customer first", which fundamentally eliminates the work style of small banks and large banks.

The so-called "33 system" principle is to handle the business of old customers. The management staff must ensure that they will be completed within half a working day. New customers will handle the business and guarantee that the loan will not be completed within three days from the date of application, and the agreed loans must be completed within three days.

At all levels of examination and approval personnel, the loan submitted on that day should be submitted to the Commission for examination and approval, and the three hour commitment system should be implemented.

The loan submitted every morning must be examined and approved before going to work in the afternoon. The loan submitted in the afternoon must be examined and approved on the same day.

For small loans under 500 thousand yuan, we should simplify the process and move forward and merge the credit management links to ensure the efficiency of customer service.

Yang Jing, a native of Taizhou, Zhejiang, graduated from university and went to Suzhou Likou furniture city to do business with her parents.

Under the pressure of increasing rent on the facade and factory buildings, Yang Jing wants to expand a new sofa production line in the factory, but he suffers from financial difficulties.

Yang Jing told reporters that in the past, he and his family had borrowed money from their friends and family members, not only owed their debts, but also paid them higher interest rates than the banks.

"We have tried to borrow money from many banks, but we have no real estate in Suzhou and no mortgages, so we can not borrow a single cent of money, nor can we borrow money from usury."

In late August, when Yang Jing was at a loss, he found that Wang Lingmin, the credit manager of Suzhou branch of Tai Long commercial bank, often appeared in the market.

In the introduction of friends, Yang Jing and Wang Lingmin have been contacted.

On the same day, Wang Lingmin specifically understood the assets and operation of the factory, and visited the guarantor provided by Yang Jing. On the second day, he also looked for other distributors in the market to have a side understanding of Yang Jing family.

After many investigations, the Yang Jing family has a good reputation in the market. Their sofa factory is stable and the guarantor provided is also in line with the guarantee requirement.

After being authorized by the department heads, Wang Lingmin quickly completed the loan materials, and in the third day, he paid the 150 thousand yuan loan for half a year to Yang Jing's account.

Shih Kai, vice president of Suzhou branch of Tai Long bank, explained that less than 500 thousand yuan is equivalent to credit loan.

Even though it is guaranteed, it is in character, without material mortgage.

If there is a mortgage, it will lead to cumbersome procedures and increase the cost of paying customers.

Perhaps it is the data that illustrates the grass-roots nature of the bank.

Up to now, the bank has accumulated more than 300 thousand loans and about 160000000000 yuan loans to small businesses, supporting more than 80 thousand small businesses, creating about 500000 jobs directly and indirectly, helping about 300000 landless peasants, migrant workers and laid-off workers to become rich by labor.

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private lending

Lending companies doubled their business this year.

The boss claims that usury is to cure poison and quench thirst.

"When others fear, you must be greedy; when others are greedy, you must be afraid."

Wang Min, a general manager of private lending company (a pseudonym), hangs Buffett's quotes in his office to remind himself of market risks.

But when talking about the industry that you are engaged in, Wang Min can only shake his head. "The whole market is crazy, not only a lot of private lending companies, but also some ordinary people."

Behind the unusually popular lending, it reflects the dilemma of small and medium enterprises lending to private financing.

　　

Business of private lending companies doubled

"Hello, how much is it? How much do you need? 6 million!" this is the fourth phone call that Wang Min received in the middle of March this year.

"Actually, from this year's new year's day, the number of phone calls we get every day is getting more and more. Three or four days a day, it's all right.

Wang Min, who has been doing private lending for more than 7 years, is keenly aware that the whole industry is changing.

In his last year's performance record, 10 business pactions per month, each sum of 1 million is normal, but in the first half of this year, the average monthly business volume exceeded 20 orders, and enterprises are often several million.

"Obviously we can feel that there are more businesses that need capital, and have more appetite for capital."

Wang Min also noticed a detail. In the first month of last year, the news of the opening of bank lending became a news that banks controlled lending and businesses borrowed money in the first half of this year.

"It is clear that as a loan" national team "banks have not played the game of capital sluice, and so is the national team. Our civil institutions are naturally more cautious.

Beginning in the second half of this year, Wang Min has begun to consciously control the volume of business and keep the monthly performance at the same level as last year.

"A lot of business has been rejected, but every day there are still calls to borrow money."

The busy business makes the whole industry's capital price rise.

Wang Min said that most small and medium-sized enterprises will first turn to small loan companies when borrowing money. The annual interest rate of 16% to 18% of small loan companies is relatively easy to accept. Only those who wait for money will give higher prices in order to get money quickly from the private lending companies.

Last year, the average monthly interest rate of the industry was around 7%, and has now been raised to 10% - 11%.

"It is said that there are also private lending companies that directly give 7.8% monthly loans to Nanjing to absorb funds in the community.

The depositor takes 10 thousand yuan and is borrowed for three months. On the spot, the interest of three months and 2340 yuan can be first taken away, and the private lending company will turn the borrowed money to the enterprise that needs capital.

Wang Min said that with this company as an example, the cost of borrowed capital has reached 93.6% per annum. This part of the money is pferred to enterprises, and the annual interest rate is 150%-200%.

"It can be seen that the expansion of the entire industry, and the high cost of financing some enterprises, so high interest rates have to borrow, you think how small enterprises are short of money."

　

It takes more money and takes longer.

In addition to the sharp increase in business volume and corporate borrowing, capital occupied time is obviously prolonged, which is Wang Min's most intuitive feeling.

"Last year, the average occupation time of funds was 25 days, and the number of enterprises over 1 months was not large, but this year's average level has reached 50 days."

Wang Min said that in this year's business, the longest time has been 7 months, and the shortest time is more than 1 months.

"The main reason is that after the tightening of lending scale, enterprises with tight funds have to queue up for bank loans, and the queuing time is uncertain."

Wang Min, for example, passed a bank loan approval in October last year. However, after the tightening of bank lending, enterprises could not get the funds immediately, but had to queue up.

But in the queue time, enterprises have no rice pot, can only first borrow from private lending companies emergency.

"Enterprises originally estimated to be able to get bank loans in one month, so they lend to private lending companies for a month, but the actual situation is that banks have to queue up for three or four months, and even if they are in line, the amount of the loans will only be about 80% of the total amount of loans before, and the time taken by enterprises to occupy private lending funds will be extended passively."

Wang Min said that the view that private lending is simply equivalent to usury is too one-sided. There is a phenomenon of loan sharking in private lending companies, but there are also some companies that give the cost of borrowing within the scope of national legal protection.

"The state stipulates that lending that is 4 times higher than the legal loan interest rate of the state is not protected.

The country's current one-year loan interest rate is 6.56%, so private lending companies with annual interest rates below 26.24% are legal.

He said that the non usurious nature of private lending, like banks, also needs to be mortgaged. Private lending companies only pay higher interest rates to those who are at high risk.

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Not to wait for death, to seek death by usury.

In fact, enterprises that borrow money from private lending companies at a cost not higher than the national statutory interest rate 4 times are already lucky.

Many of the enterprises that Wang Min touches is unable to reach the last straw.

"Some enterprises have no collateral for fixed assets, or are controlled by the state or the whole industry belongs to the sunset industry that is eliminated.

After all the banking, listing, financing, small loan companies and private lending companies were all sealed up, the last desperate venture was still left in need of money: pure usury.

"Pure usury, that cost is incredible."

Wang Min introduced that the cost of usury is generally 30% monthly interest, and that enterprises should borrow 1 million. The high interest lenders should first deduct 300 thousand of the money when they put money, and enterprises can only get 700 thousand cash, and second months will have to pay 600 thousand interest.

"Usury is completely underworld. Loaned parties will send people to stare at the borrower every day. Once the borrower fails to pay the money, he will be subjected to abusive, assault and other violent acts."

In Wang Min's view, the reason why those entrepreneurs used usury is to drink poison and quench thirst because they are also in Bo.

If an enterprise is forced to go on a loan shark, if it does not borrow money, it will wait for death.

Wang Min said that only the usury funds borrowed just happened to play the role of fire fighting, and immediately found new funds and usury, and the enterprise was worth dying for.

Wang Min said that the possibility of "Bo Bo" is very small. In most cases, the enterprise can not afford the money, and the borrower is forced to run away, "like the boss of those running in Wenzhou".

Wang Min, who seems to be profiteering, feels cool.

In fact, private lending is only his sideline, and he has a huge industrial foundation.

"I just regard the private lending company as a reservoir, and put the money earned from industry into the pool of private lending so as to maximize capital value."

But since this year, Wang Min has been finding himself out of the stock market or property market, hoping to lend him money, as long as the deposit interest rate is slightly higher than the bank's interest rate.

"Private lending for six or seven years, I have been seeking stability, their own funds, the average annual interest rate of 20% to meet.

But the whole industry is obviously crazy. At such a high cost, how many companies can borrow money to do business?