Classification, Characteristics And Maintenance Methods Of Leather

Two, the general characteristics of leather:

(1) natural leather: cowhide, sheepskin, pig skin, miscellaneous skin, shaving leather, etc.

1, cowhide

(1) yellow Cowhide Pores are small and shallow, round and evenly distributed, and the pores are straight and extended to the inside. The handle is full, smooth, soft, thin, solid and elastic. (can be used in six levels).

(2) buffalo skins: coarse, deep, thick skins, rough leather and poor texture. Generally used for soles.

2, sheepskin

(1) goat skin: the leather leather veins are semicircular arc, with 2 to 4 stitches on the arc. There are a lot of fine fur pores around the pores. The pores are arranged in a fish scale, and the handle is full of extensibility.

(2) sheep skin: leather surface is smooth and clean, thin skin plate, pores are small, flat, round, composed of a number of pores, a row of row, uniform color, leather is full, soft, extensible, leather clean, no greasy, but low intensity.

3, pigskin: rough leather, obvious hair holes, triangular arrangement, poor elasticity, poor aesthetic effect, durable and firm.

4, mixed skin (horse skin, donkey skin and so on): slightly similar to the skin, the pores are oval, the pores are shallow, not obvious, the grain is more delicate than the cowhide, but slightly larger than the pores of the cowhide.

5, shaving leather: leather made of cowhide, horse skin and donkey skin is made of modified leather without any original characteristics, but its color is uniform, beautiful and soft, but the pores are cracked.

(two) substitute leather:

1, regenerated leather: the leftover bits and pieces of leather are crushed into fibrous form, and plant fiber adhesive and various compounding agents are used for pressing and molding. Walking shoes Belt. Because the raw material of regenerated leather is mainly the waste of natural leather, regenerated leather has certain hygroscopicity, permeability and permeability, and also has certain heat resistance, abrasion resistance and elasticity, but its strength is small and tear property is poor.

2. Artificial leather: synthetic resin based on textile or knitted materials. It belongs to imitation leather. The coating material is mainly made of PVC resin, its luster is brighter, its color is bright and varied, and its surface has no scar marks. Imitation sheep skin looks like sheep skin, and looks carefully without pores.

3. Synthetic leather: made of non-woven fabrics and coated with new resin material. Hygroscopicity and breathability are excellent. The coating is a new material, polyurethane, with good handle, abrasion resistance, bending resistance and better strength than artificial leather.

4, PU leather: (Gao Ji) the exterior coating is highly emulation, and can emit many patterns, and its color is bright and beautiful, but its moisture absorption is poor. It is affected by temperature and tear. It is easy to expand when incision is made, but the quality is uniform. {page_break}

Three, all kinds of leather products should meet the quality standards.

Adhesive leather shoes: QB/T1002 - 97 Leather Sandals: QB/T2307 - 97

Leather clothing: QB/T1615 - 97 back pack: QB/T1333 - 97

Briefcase: QB/T2277 - 96 leather tape: QB/T1618 - 92

Leather Wallet: QB/T1619 - 92 leather gloves: QB/T1584 - 92

Travel shoes: QB/T1507 - 94

　 Four, dermal markers

1, concept: refers to the trademark of the China Leather Industry Association registered in the State Administration for Industry and commerce. It is a special sign of natural leather products.

2, significance

(1) the product is made of natural leather.

(2) the product is a high quality medium and high grade commodity. Industry standard In addition to the national standards, it is also necessary to comply with the relevant provisions in the technical manual of leather labels.

(3) the production enterprise has a good after-sale service system.

Products that are not made of genuine leather can not be labeled with genuine leather. If you want to wear genuine leather labels, you must pass the rigorous examination and approval of the China Leather Industry Association before you can hang them.

3, pattern: the registered trademark of the genuine leather logo is a artistic deformation pattern consisting of a sheep, a pair of horns and a leather shape. The overall pattern is round and drum shaped, with three letters in the center of the design. It is the abbreviation of the real leather product. The color of the main body is black with white background, and only three letters are red. GLP Design implication: cattle, sheep and pigs are the three main natural leather materials of leather products, and their designs are round and drum shaped. They symbolize the drum of the main processing equipment of leather industry, and on the other hand, symbolize the development of leather industry.

4, genuine leather signs: Genuine Leather signs are the only signs of genuine leather logo products. Leather products are labeled with genuine leather signs, indicating that this product is a genuine leather logo product. Consumers can only enjoy the after-sales service of distributors, manufacturers and China Leather Industry Association after buying only leather products with leather labels attached to them.

5, leather label logo specifications:

Type A is 3.5CM * 5CM, commonly used for leather shoes and small leather items.

The B is 7CM * 5CM, which is commonly used for fur clothing and large leather goods.

The book type leather logo sign: the cover is printed with the registered logo of the genuine leather logo, the blue and false shading is covered on the cover and the bottom cover, and the third seal introduces the anti fake technology of the real leather mark, and how consumers protect their legitimate rights and interests with the genuine leather sign and the telephone of the Management Office of the leather label.

6, in order to prevent counterfeit, the genuine logo signs have adopted the following anti-counterfeiting measures in printing: at the same time, they use fluorescent and laser two kinds of anti-counterfeiting technology to print; the signs are printed by two factories, and then combined into genuine products; there are six confidential measures on the front and the front of the signs. The simplest way to distinguish is to use the ultraviolet lamp (ticket identifier) to irradiate the front of the sign, and the words "red leather" and "H Q" will appear. The number under the reverse side of the sign will be changed from light red to yellow under the irradiation of ultraviolet lamp. The other four confidential measures will not be announced, which will serve as the basis for the identification of arbitration. {page_break}

Five, fur: after processing, the animal skin is called "Qiu", which is called "fur".

Six, leather shoes:

(1) the quality standard of leather shoes: the general leather shoes should be beautiful in appearance, durable and comfortable to wear, so as to meet the requirements of light, soft, bright and clean.

The specific requirements for the quality of leather shoes should be considered from three aspects: leather quality, shoe type structure and sewing standard. The general requirements for the quality of leather shoes are: the leather of the front (first piece) should be better than that of the back (crab crabs), and there should be no obvious scar; the outer wing should be better than the inner wing; the shape should have a goose egg shaped bending force, which is suitable for the height, not the ankles, the shoes and the shoes should be kept clean, no knives, flowers, greasy, stains and quality wounds.

(two) inspection of leather shoes: when the retailing unit sells the leather shoes at the time of acceptance and the salesperson sells leather shoes, all parts of the leather shoes should be carefully inspected. The inspection methods are as follows:

1. Compared with the single and double shoe comparative inspection method, the symmetry of each part is good, and there should be no phenomenon of high, short, wide, narrow, fat and thin. The thickness and thickness of the front and back sides of the same pair of shoes should be basically the same, with the same depth of color.

2, the front Gang should be smooth and smooth, leather soft and resistant, with a certain thickness. There should be no defects in the obvious parts, such as disability, tick bite, tendons, coarse spots, etc. the shoes head height, the length of the Baotou, the size of the crab shell and the depth of the door should be consistent.

3, the two sides of the back are loaded and pasted without any deviation; the thickness and brightness of the leather surface should be compatible with the front ones; the rear side is allowed to have spots with light lice, and the heel should be upright and high.

4, leather leather shoes should be thick, tough, soft and elastic, with the same color of villi, matching the thickness of the front and back, without spots, mildew spots, wounds, and exposed defects.

5, the skin should be strong, fold resistant, wide and narrow, uniform, thick and thin, and close to the feet tightly, no teeth exposed needle; the joints of the welds and plates should be slanting, and the joints should be tight and smooth, along the lines.

6, the base of the main root in Baotou (1/2 lower parts) should be hard, soft with fingers, and the upper edge must be smooth, soft, elastic, and without a stiff foot.

7, the floor should be clean and smooth, no crack surface and obvious scar; the front palm cortex should be tough, resistant to bending and wear resistance; the same sole should be uniform, long, wide, thick and uniform in color; the bottom should be smooth without splitting wings; the palm should not be too convex or empty; the bottom edge is smooth, and the edges should be tight and seamless; the stitches on the bottom should be neat and uniform; the suture grooves on the bottom of the skin should be smoothed and smooth; there should be no impurities such as metal sawdust, head and other impurities in the rubber base, no bubbles, no flowers, and the bottom of the tires will not crack the wings, not crack surfaces, and the rubber will not peel off the layers.

8, the underpinning leather should be smooth and neat, not thread penetration, not bulge, hammer eye flat. The pads and skin should be pasted flat, and the clips should be smooth. There is no obvious scar and wrinkle marks.

9, the bottom heel height, size, length and the same pair of relatively consistent; solid, seamless and uneven phenomenon, with the formation of smooth, nail eye neat; leather and surface should be smooth and wear-resistant; triangle iron installed flat, left and right opposite.

10, the heel and button are opposite, the distance is equal, do not remove paint, rust, circle cap is not blooming, the device is firm and unbroken; the same color and size is the same, and the strip is firm. The door can not rise and not empty.

11, help the surface iron car needle uniform neat, no bending, do not turn the bottom line, do not take a needle, jumper, leakage line, the thread is not leak; roll mouth thickness is uniform, mouth door can not rise angle, not empty shell.

12, to match the shape of the last shape, clear profile, straight part, not inclined to any side, forceps solid, hammer leveling; feet without wrinkles, pleat, touch no bump phenomenon.

In addition, molded shoes, such as molding, gluing, injection, injection, etc., besides the above quality requirements, must also have a flat bottom, no glue edges, clear and beautiful patterns, and a three-dimensional sense. The surface material is not damaged by high temperature, no breakage and glue opening.

Finally check the seal size and the brand number is clear and accurate. Two shoes should match, do not follow the rules. Packaging cartons should be dry. {page_break}

(three) cleaning and maintenance of leather shoes

1. Maintenance before wearing

(1) generally, shoes with genuine leather such as cattle and sheepskin should be covered with a thin layer of shoe polish before wearing, so that shoe polish can form a protective film on the surface of shoes.

(2) easy to dust dusty material. A layer of antiskid agent should be sprayed lightly on the vamp before being worn. After drying it is brushed lightly with the brush. The maintenance will be simpler later.

2. Maintenance in dress

The shoes should be cleaned in time. Otherwise, dirt and dirt will accumulate on the upper surface, which will shorten the service life of the shoes and double the time needed to wear them.

(1) shoes with regular leather and sheepskin.

Clean shoe upper: wipe the dust on the surface of the shoes first with the shoe cloth. If there are large pieces of dirt or soil, brush them first and wipe them up with a little water.

2. Shoe polish: after cleaning, the shoe upper is naturally dry, and a small amount of shoe polish is rubbed on the upper surface with soft cloth or small brush.

3. Polish: polish shoe polish. After a few minutes, shoe polish gradually penetrated into the leather, then use old silk stockings or rags to wipe back and forth on the vamp.

(2) shoes with bright face, mirror, PU and PVC material.

Wipe with soft cloth with a little moisture.

(2) no use of shoe milk or shoe polish.

(3) shoes such as cashmere, nap, cow and so on.

First, the suede shoes are brushed in the direction of the hair with a fine brush. Then they are brushed in opposite directions. They can also be gently wiped with soft eraser to remove dust or dirt.

2. Dirt or dirt that is too dirty can be removed with frosted rubber, but the strength should be appropriate and not too strong. Otherwise, the skin will be damaged. The grey frosted rubber is better than the white one. In order to keep the shoes beautiful, regular spray and brush is very important.

3. Shoes fade, use colored coloured cashmere dye spray, evenly spray at a distance of 20 cm away from the shoes, which can maintain the elasticity and permeability of leather.

4. Crocodile skin, snake skin and pearlescent series should only be lightly touched by slightly moisture cloth.

3, long term maintenance without wearing.

Before leather shoes are collected, they should first wipe the shoes with detergent and shoe polish. Shoes should be placed in a cool and ventilated place when they are not worn, so as to avoid excessive temperature and skin color or cracking.

(1) shoes are fixed with shoe support (or shoe type fixator).

(2) it is best to put a desiccant in the shoebox and get it in a place with less moisture.

(3) riding boots should be ventilated occasionally in order to avoid moldy.

4, leather shoes after wet maintenance methods

(1) first wipe the sludge and sewage from the shoes with wet cloth, then dry them with dry cloth, and polish the shoes while half dry.

(2) stuffing old newspapers into shoes (old newspapers can absorb water and help to fix shoes), and then put shoes on the old newspapers.

(3) if leather has hardened, use a small amount of sesame oil, olive oil or castor oil, then gently massage it, then add a thin layer of shoe polish.

(4) wet shoes can also be dried by the cold air of the blower, not hot air, and shoes should not be placed near too close to the heater or stove. The sun can not be irradiated directly, otherwise the leather will be too dry to produce deformation, harden or craze.

(5) if the sole is a skin sole, when the shoe is dry, the sole should be upturned so that it can dry. Wet shoes should not be put directly into the shoe cabinet, so as not to cause other shoes to mold.

(6) cloth shoe upper is easy to peel off, and should avoid washing and washing vigorously, especially elastic fabric with elasticity. Excessive force scrubbing will cause relaxation. {page_break}

5, matters needing attention

(1) try to avoid wearing the same pair of shoes for consecutive days, so that leather shoes will have enough time to restore the original status.

(2) prevent leather from wetting, bumping, bursting and contacting with corrosive objects.

(3) without wearing fashionable clothes, the shoe stays are ideal, which can prevent wrinkles and prevent deformation.

(4) leather shoes are easy to harden, fade, wrinkle or even damage after soaking. Leather and leather materials are easy to deform and difficult to maintain. Therefore, they should be avoided in rainy and snowy days. When you wear leather shoes on rainy days, you can first spray with antifouling and water-resistant sprays to avoid damage to shoes.