The Origin And Development Of Platinum Cotton

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< p > Mumbai is the largest commercial city (9.49,0.13,1.39%) in India. Today, although Mumbai has built many viaducts like Shanghai today, its overall appearance is more like Shanghai in the 30s of last century. The sounding western style buildings are narrow and crowded streets, all of which are temporarily built low houses, filled with poor people from the countryside to work in cities.

There is a deserted stone house beside an elevated railway bridge in the suburbs of Mumbai. The roof is long gone, and the windows and doors are almost completely demolished, but it does not appear to be abrupt compared with all kinds of slums around it.

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< p > "this is Japan's a href=" http://cailiao.sjfzxm.com/Matertial/show/default.aspx "> cotton < /a > exchange, which has a history of more than 80 years.

Dizyn Seth, chairman of India Cotton Association (Cotton Association of India), introduced to me, "Mumbai was once the largest cotton trading center in Asia, and the cotton industry is the pride of Mumbai people."

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< p > Mumbai's cotton trading center is built next to the Japan Cotton Exchange. The cotton inspection station of that year is now empty. Only the nameplates written in various countries are reserved on the wall.

This ancient building is still in use. It is the office building of the India Cotton Association, and the administrative management of India's cotton industry as well as the identification and grading of cotton fiber is still in progress.

Seth took me to the top floor by the old elevator with sliding doors. From here we can see the whole city of Mumbai.

Several old chimneys can be seen between the tall buildings in the center of the city, but there is nothing below the chimney.

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< p > "the location of these chimneys is the cotton mill of the year. Now these factories are all moving inland, but the Mumbai municipal government has specially preserved the chimney as a souvenir, hoping that the people of Mumbai should not forget what built this city at first."

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< p > < strong > cotton changed the world > /strong > /p >

< p > wild cotton is widely distributed in almost all tropical and temperate regions of the world, but the earliest known as the Dravidian is the Dravidian of the India River Valley. The culture of Harappan is recognized as one of the earliest civilizations in the history of human beings.

Archaeological evidence shows that Harappa people had learned how to spin cotton into cotton cloth 7000 years ago, making them into a target= "_blank" href= "http://www.91se91.com/" > clothing < /a > and other daily necessities.

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< p > the earliest known written records of cotton came from ancient Greek historian Ciro Dodd (Herodotus), who first mentioned cotton in the fifth Century B.C., and said that there is a strange tree in India which can grow wool.

At that time, Europeans only used wool or linen to make clothes, and cotton was easier to stain than they were. In addition, India was rich in vegetable dyes, so India was probably the brightest nation in all ancient civilizations.

Marco Polo, a traveler in thirteenth Century, praised India's cotton cloth as the most beautiful fabric in the world.

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< p > 1498, Portuguese explorer Gama successfully bypassed Cape of Good Hope to India, opening the door to India for Europeans.

The Portuguese mainly started spice trade at the beginning, but they soon discovered that India cotton cloth was also very profitable, and there were more goods in their cargo ships.

In order to protect the wool industry in the country, the British government had previously banned cotton trading until 1670.

Cotton cloth is cheap, poor people can also afford it, and cotton cloth is easy to clean. It is a good material for underwear.

Later people remarked that India's cotton cloth changed the aesthetic taste of Europeans towards < a target= "_blank" href= "http://www.91se91.com/" > clothing < /a > and raised their personal hygiene level.

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In the late seventeenth Century, India controlled the world's 1/4 a target= "_blank" href= "http://www.91se91.com/" > textile < /a > trade, but in 1764, something happened that changed the pattern of textile market.

This year, the British James Hargreaves invented the Jeanne spinning machine. 5 years later, another Englishman, Richard, invented the hydraulic spinning machine. Later, the steam engine replaced the water power, and Britain took the lead in the industrialization age.

Woven cotton fabrics are cheaper and more secure in quality. British cotton cloth has been sold all over the world and destroyed the local textile industry of all countries. India is no exception.

In 1831, 117 Calcutta businessmen joined the British Privy Council, complaining that the local textile industry in India was completely destroyed by the import of cotton cloth in the United Kingdom, and the business could not be done.

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< p > weaving needs raw materials and imports of cotton in the United Kingdom have increased rapidly.

In 1764, the total volume of cotton imports in the United Kingdom was only 4 million pounds, and in 1801 it increased to 56 million pounds, most of which came from the United States.

In 1607 cotton was first rooted in Virginia, and soon became the most profitable crop in the United States, or even the first pot of gold earned by the newly emerging country.

In fact, Cotton Gin, invented by American Whitney in 1793, is generally recognized as the most important invention in the history of textile industry. This machine can quickly separate cotton fiber from cottonseed, which is the most laborious process of traditional textile industry.

With the cotton gin, cotton cloth has finally been completely replaced by wool and linen, making it the cheapest and most widely used textile in the world.

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Although cotton gin is still a labor-intensive crop, the United States began to slave slaves in Africa to grow cotton. Their arrival has changed the historical process of the country, and even indirectly changed the history of P's music.

The black cotton farmers' self entertainment songs and songs evolved into Bruce. Jazz and rock music were born, and the appearance of world pop music was changed from a new perspective.

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The problem of black slaves led to the outbreak of the American Civil War. The war made the export of cotton in the United States very unstable. The British textile industry broke the ration and had to turn to India. P

As the nearest port of India's cotton producing area, Mumbai has become the trading center of India's cotton. Mumbai businessmen have gone to the countryside to encourage India farmers to replant cotton. India has pformed from a large exporter of cotton cloth to a large cotton growing country and a big exporter.

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< p > in order to improve the yield and quality of cotton, a British horticultural enthusiast named William Carey (William Carey) founded the Royal Agricultural and horticultural Association (RoyalAgri-Horticultural Society) in Calcutta in 1820. Although the early members were mostly Europeans living in India, it was the first scientific association related to Agro Technology in India, and made contributions to India's agricultural modernization.

The association also published a journal covering many fields such as climate, soil, seed, irrigation and animal husbandry. It is the first scientific journal to study agricultural problems in India.

It was with the help of this association that India introduced the long staple cotton in the United States, but this new variety needs modern agricultural technology such as a sound irrigation system and adequate fertilizer. India agriculture is still in the primitive stage of relying on heaven, and can not meet these conditions, leading to the defeat of the new varieties in India.

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< p > since the middle of nineteenth Century, the United Kingdom has relaxed the restrictions on technology export. A group of India businessmen imported looms and began to set up factories in India to make cotton cloth and gradually recaptured the domestic market occupied by the British.

According to statistics, the cotton cloth produced locally in India accounted for only 8% of the total domestic demand in 1896, rising to 20% in 1913 and 76% in 1945.

From a modern perspective, the rise and fall of cotton and textile industry in India is an inevitable result of business competition. Similar cases happen almost every day.

But in the old days in India, it was regarded as a classic case of the British colonialists exploiting the people of India. It was condemned by the elite of all circles in India. Sancho Gandhi was one of the most radical ones. He opposed not only the export of cotton to the United Kingdom, but also the introduction of the looms invented by the British and other advanced technologies.

He believed that only when the Indians returned to the farming age could they really get rid of the influence of Britain and live a happy life again.

"We must gradually restore the simple lifestyle of the past, railways, telegrams, hospitals, lawyers, doctors...

All these things must be discarded. "

At a rally, he said to his supporters, "you can not achieve the ideal of Non Violence on the basis of industrial civilization. This ideal can only be found in a self sufficient village."

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Gandhi believes that India's traditional culture is the source of happiness. He calls on Indians to give up English, learn Sanskrit, learn life skills from P, and search for wisdom in life.

For this reason, he specially learned to spin himself, made clothes for himself, and called on the people to produce necessities in India's traditional way.

There is a wheel in the middle of the first edition of the India flag. It is said to be the traditional spinning wheel that Gandhi proposed to add to India.

In fact, the spinning wheel (Charkha) was invented by Iran people in twelfth Century, and the weaving efficiency of the latter increased by at least 6 times when it was introduced to India in Fourteenth Century.

Gandhi does not necessarily know this history. His purpose is to make India get rid of the colonial status as soon as possible and become an independent country whose politics and economy are not controlled by the West. It is the most effective way for him to return to the farming age.

Unfortunately, Gandhi was assassinated by Hindu extremists. He could not see the day with his own eyes. But the first prime minister Nehru, who was founded by him, was a faithful believer in India. At last, Nehru finally led the way to independence.

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