Footwear Material Knowledge: Shoe Leather Classification

　　 Shoe material Leatherwear classification

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1. Side feed The material for making upper is called material.

2. Natural footwear leather The leather for boot upper is called shoe leather.

There are many kinds of footwear, which can be classified into two categories.

Natural leather, of which cattle, sheep and goats are represented.

Synthetic leather: synthetic materials

　　 (1) natural leather. Genuine leather )

Full grain leather: leather made of natural leather, called full grain leather.

Modified leather: during the leather making process, a light finishing leather is made on the original grain of the animal.

Suede: in the leather making process, the surface or the reverse side of the leather is used as the surface and collectively referred to as suede leather.

　 (2) synthetic leather

Artificial leather: PU artificial upper leather: Textile based, coated with PU.

Polyvinyl chloride foam: coated with polyvinyl chloride on the surface of the foam plastic layer.

Synthetic leather: PU synthetic upper leather: coated with PU on the base of no textile.

Polyvinyl chloride synthetic shoe upper leather: polyvinyl chloride is coated on the surface of non-woven fabric.

　　 (two) Natural leather Performance characteristics

1. Location and fiber organization of natural leather

The location of natural leather is divided into six parts: the buttock, the back, the neck, the shoulders, the abdomen, the armpit and the limbs according to the characteristics of the animal skin.

Buttocks: the fibrous tissue of this part is compact, high strength and good bending resistance. It is the best part of the whole leather, and has the most value.

Back: smooth surface, fine grain, second only to the buttocks.

Neck and shoulder: located in the anterior part of the back, its fibrous tissue is slightly looser than its back, with rough surface and many wrinkles.

Abdomen: at the abdomen of the animal, located on both sides of the buttocks, its fibrous tissue is soft, thin and extensible, but lacks elasticity: its physical strength is also poor.

Armpit: located at the junction between the front and rear legs and the abdomen, it is a small half garden, and its quality is the worst part of the whole leather.

Limb: that is, the legs of animals, hard texture, thin skin area is the secondary part of the whole leather.

　　 2. Leather properties Characteristic

Hunting skin: characterized by the development of subcutaneous fat, and the hunting of all three characters as a group of glyph, which is deeper and penetrated through the entire dermis. The hair root is concentrated in a fat cone. After making shoes, the grain is coarser and less smooth than that of the cow skin. Secondly, the fiber bundles of the hunting leather are stronger and interweave densely. Therefore, they have greater strength and wear resistance. At the same time, the knitting pattern of their fiber bundles varies with the different parts of the skin.

Cow hide and yellow cattle skin are characterized by small pores, fine grain surface, thin surface, high tensile strength, uniform thickness and poor location, and high utilization rate. The fibrous tissue of the buttocks is tight. The fibrous tissue of the abdomen and shoulders is loose, while the axilla is more soft and thin, but the occupancy ratio is very small.

Buffalo skin: characterized by long hair, thick fiber, loose tissue, large parts, and back of a gadfly eye or a gadfly bottom. Compared with yellow cattle skin, the fibers are thinner and slightly softer, second only to yellow cattle hide.

Sheepskin and sheep skin are characterized by dense skins, thin skins, low tensile strength, high elongation, and large fat content.

Goat skin: looks like coarse wool sheep skin, smooth and fine grain. Fiber bundles are more tightly knitted than sheep skins. Fiber bundles are also more robust. Leather is soft and stretches. The thickness of the neck and abdomen varies greatly, and the sheepskin is more resistant to folding.

Miscellaneous skin and horse hide: their parts are closely different. The horse's stock is very hard, and its permeability and permeability are small.

Deer skin: it refers to the skin of family deer, wild deer and chamois. The characteristics are soft, large porosity, toughness and extension.

All natural leather products have extensibility, breathability and water absorption.

　　 4. Synthetic leather. performance Characteristic

The production of synthetic leather shoes has been widely used. Its main characteristics are as follows:

Corrosion resistance: the surface of synthetic leather is coated with plastic. Therefore, it is not easy to contact with mild acid or alkali.

Water repellency: synthetic leather has better waterproof performance, moisture is not easy to penetrate into the inner layer. After surface contamination, it can be scrubbed with wet cloth and its luster is inconvenient.

Smooth surface and uniform material: because the surface coating has no defect, the leather surface is smooth, beautiful, bright and colorful, and the material thickness is uniform.

　 Air permeability Poor: the fibrous structure of the base is sealed by the coating on the surface, so its air permeability is poor.