Textile Fabric Composition Testing Method

There are many methods to detect the fabric composition, among which the fiber is in a loose state. Spin Raw materials are suitable for hand sensing. Cotton fibers are shorter and finer than ramie fibers and other hemp fibers, and are often accompanied by impurities and defects. The fibers are naturally curled, with finer and shorter fibers, generally about 38mm, with poor elasticity, soft touch and dull luster. Flax fiber is thicker, more flaky, strong, lack of elasticity and luster, its fabric feels coarse and hard, and has a cool feeling. Wool fibers are more elastic, usually curly, thicker and longer than cotton, and feel warmer. Their fabrics are not easy to crumb and feel smooth when rubbing. Silk is a filament, long, thin, powerful, soft and glossy fiber. It feels cold and cold when touching silk. It breaks the silk in dry and humid condition, and its power is not significantly different. In the chemical fiber, only the viscose fiber has great difference in the dry and wet state. Spandex filament has great elasticity, and its length can stretch to more than five times at room temperature.

Fabric composition can also be checked by hand feeling, weight and strength. The soft handle is wool and vinegar fiber, and the harder ones are cotton and linen. Moderate is silk, viscose, nylon and so on. The weight is lighter than that of nylon, acrylic, and silk. It is linen, cotton, viscose, and rich fiber. It is similar to the weight of silk, such as vinylon, wool, vinegar fiber, polyester fiber and so on. In terms of strength, stretch to break, and feel that the weaker strength is viscose, vinegar fiber, wool and so on. The stronger strength is silk, hemp, cotton and synthetic fiber. After wetting, the strength is significantly reduced by protein, rayon or rayon and cuprammonia fibers. When stretching, the larger elongation is wool and vinegar fiber. The smaller ones are cotton and linen. The elongation is moderate, such as silk, viscose, rich fiber and most synthetic fibers.

It's also important to observe materials. raw material Testing methods. The cross-sectional shape of cotton fiber is round waist with middle waist, vertical shape: flat belt, natural rotation. The cross sectional shape of hemp (ramie, linen, jute) fiber is round or polygonal, with a middle cavity. The cross sectional shape of wool fibers; round or nearly round, with some hair pulp; longitudinal surface and scales on the surface. The transverse morphology of rabbit hair fibers is dumbbell shaped, with hair pulp, and longitudinal surface: scales on the surface. Cross section morphology of silk fiber: irregular triangle; vertical form: smooth and straight with longitudinal stripes. Cross section morphology of ordinary viscose: zigzag, skin core structure; longitudinal form: longitudinal groove. The cross-section morphology of rich and strong fibers is less toothed, round or oval, and the longitudinal surface is smooth. The cross-sectional shape of acetate fiber is three leaf or irregular serrated; longitudinal surface: longitudinal stripes on the surface.

Chemical detection of fabric composition is also common. It is necessary to set density gradient liquid and generally use xylene tetrachloride system. Calibration of density gradient tube is usually precision ball method. The fibers were deoiled, dried and defoaming before pretreatment, and then pellets were put into equilibrium. Fiber density was measured according to the position of fiber suspension. The fluorescence rule is to use ultraviolet fluorescent lamps to irradiate fibers, and distinguish fibers according to the different luminescent properties of different fibers and the different fluorescent colors of fibers. The fluorescent colors of various fibers are shown in detail. Cotton and wool fibers are light yellow; mercerized cotton fibers are light red.

Of course, combustion is the identification in our daily life. clothing The most common method of fabric composition. According to the chemical composition of the fibers, the combustion characteristics are different, so that a large group of fibers can be roughly separated. The combustion characteristics of several common fibers are identified as follows: cotton, linen, viscose, copper and ammonia fibers are near flame: no shrinkage, no melting; contact flame: rapid combustion; flame leaving flame continues to burn. Silk and wool fibers near the flame curl and melt; contact with flame; curl, melt, and burn; slow away from the flame and sometimes burn out. Polyester fibers near flame melt; contact flame melting, smoking, slowly burning; leaving flame: continue to burn, sometimes self extinguished.