Henan Industrial Cluster Innovation Has A Way Out.

Introduction: in early 2007, Henan province ranked the 29 industrial clusters of Anyang County Iron and steel industry, Changyuan hoisting machinery, Xinye County textile, Linzhou auto parts and so on as the first batch of key industrial clusters (key industrial bases).

"The second batch of naming Wugang iron and steel industry, Zhengzhou textile industrial park two industrial clusters, and the first batch of Anyang iron and steel industry cluster named, the annual output value is more than 10 billion yuan......

In the face of the declining trend and weakening function of industrial clusters such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangdong, Henan industrial cluster characterized by "low, small and scattered" is also experiencing a key industrial upgrading. The system defects and market failures in its development will enhance its overall competitiveness in the next few years.

This is a "late commendation".

In July 9th, at the Henan industrial cluster working conference, when the 18 industrial clusters of Zhengzhou Textile Industrial Park, Xinxiang County vibration machinery, Fugou food processing and so on were named "the second batch of Henan key industrial clusters (key industrial bases)", people read all the legendary market stories.

"These industrial clusters, or derived from the natural formation of grass roots, or by the hand of the government, are linked together. Many of them have become an important pillar of the county economy."

A person in charge of Henan SME Bureau said.

However, it is called "Cheng Xiao He, also defeated Xiao He".

Faced with the development trend of industrial clusters such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangdong, the industrial clusters in Henan are characterized by "low, small and scattered". They are experiencing a key industrial upgrading. The system defects and market failures in their development will restrict their overall competitiveness in the next few years.

This is a reality that we must face.

It is not unusual for Henan to have a village, a township and a county to form a number of industrial clusters.

Such as the whole Changyuan County, the production of lifting machinery, health and anti-corrosion materials manufacturers everywhere, its industrial cluster development state and folk enthusiasm for creating wealth, is known as the mainland "small Wenzhou".

"By the end of 2007, there were 388 industrial clusters with a total annual output value of more than 100 million yuan in the whole province. There were 14.5 enterprises in the cluster, accounting for 50.3% of the total number of small and medium-sized enterprises in the province. The total annual output value accounted for 36.35% of the total industrial output value of the province, and 3 million 200 thousand employees were employed, accounting for 38.13% of the total number of SMEs in the whole province."

Li Xinjie, director general of Henan provincial SME Bureau, said, "at present, more than 50% of the 388 industrial clusters have a certain scale, and there are more business clusters and higher market share.

For example, meat products, instant noodles, quick-frozen food and flour in Henan are the first sales volume in the country. The steel tape measure in Yucheng accounts for 85% of the domestic market. The lifting appliances in Changyuan account for 65% of the domestic market, and the women's trousers in Zhengzhou account for 60% of the domestic market.

At the same time, the export pulling ability of industrial clusters is strong.

In 2007, the province's industrial clusters exported more than 500 varieties, earning more than 2 billion 200 million dollars.

In early 2007, Henan province ranked the 29 industrial clusters of Anyang County Iron and steel industry, Changyuan hoisting machinery, Xinye County textile, Linzhou auto parts and so on as the first batch of key industrial clusters (key industrial bases).

With this "demonstration effect", 18 industrial clusters have come to the fore this year, and have been named "the second batch of key industrial clusters in Henan province (key industrial bases)".

"The second batch of naming Wugang iron and steel industry and Zhengzhou textile industrial park two industrial clusters, and the first batch of Anyang iron and steel industrial cluster named, the annual output value is more than 10 billion yuan, from which we can see the rapid development of Henan industrial clusters."

Chen Gencheng, chief economist of Henan SME Bureau, said.

With the synergy and CO opetition of clusters, the efficiency of large single enterprises is low, innovation ability is insufficient, and market reaction is slow. This has been interpreted by experts as the reason for the rapid rise of Wenzhou and other places.

However, under the circumstances of increasing pressure on energy saving and emission reduction, rising labor costs, high resource factor prices and tight export situation, industrial clusters covering a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises are showing upgrading trend, and some even suffer from the elimination of elimination.

Take the famous Wenzhou button town and zipper town Yongjia Qiaotou as an example, once occupying 60% of the domestic market and 80% of the international market, the zipper industry is gradually falling into the "cold front and thin horse" situation along with the continuous rise of the brand of Yiwu's small commodity market.

The pfer of the market makes the growth of manufacturing industry relying on the market gradually slow down. Compared with the emerging industries such as pump and valve with an annual output value of more than ten billion yuan, the button and zipper industry with an annual output value of about 1000000000 yuan is no longer important to Yongjia.

In 2007, the output value of Yongjia pump valve exceeded 10 billion 600 million yuan, which exceeded 1/3 of Yongjia's 31 billion 100 million industrial gross output value.

More importantly, the average profit margin of the industry is much larger than that of the general light industry.

The change in Yongjia is only a microcosm of Zhejiang. More labor-intensive industries are facing unprecedented challenges. Because of the rising labor costs, the woven bag industry in Wenzhou Cangnan has been on the decline. The standard parts industry group in Longwan region has been forced to close down by the local government because of the high energy consumption and the serious pollution of the leather and stainless steel fittings industry.

In some parts of Henan, there is also a shrinking industry like Wenzhou.

Gongyi's cable and wire manufacturing and machining, motorcycle manufacturing in Yanshi and Changge, papermaking in Xinmi and Xinxiang, children's shoes production in Xuchang, and so on, many enterprises are faced with the fate of integration and even out.

It is worth noting that in these areas, with the decline of the old industrial clusters, the heavy industry area characterized by capital and scale has become a new investment hotspot.

"China is a developing country, and the market economic system is being established. The system defects and market failures in the development of industrial clusters are more serious than those in other countries.

Therefore, it limits the development of industrial clusters and even leads to the destruction of clusters.

We must pay great attention to this law, and we must not confuse our eyes with the glory of a time. "

Luo Ming, a professor at the Yangtze River Business School and a well-known domestic industry cluster research expert, said in a lecture in Henan recently.

The reality of Henan's industrial clusters is facing serious challenges, though its form is not so obvious.

An official of the Yanshi municipal Party committee has long paid attention to the development of industrial clusters. He believes that there are three diseases within the industrial cluster: one is disorderly competition, the other is extensive management, the three is the weak innovation ability, and the low level and high cost growth mode is outstanding.

Regarding this, Wang Jianguo, deputy director of the Institute of economics, Henan Academy of Social Sciences, pointed out: "once we encounter clients, we are all going to cut prices. Once the price falls below the cost, we can only fool people by cutting corners or making fake products, which is fatal to industrial clusters."

In this regard, the vibration machinery industry in Xinxiang has a keenly felt pain.

At first, though there were only a few vibration machinery manufacturing enterprises in the county, they had the final say in terms of standards, prices and so on. After that, hundreds of enterprises came to swarms. In order to seize the limited market, they pressed each other down, even at the expense of their mutual credibility. At present, the profit margin of the whole industry has dropped to a level that can not be further reduced.

Henan's industrial clusters are in the early stage of cultivation and development.

As a result, some congenital problems inside and outside are urgently needed to be solved as soon as possible.

According to the law, the biggest effect of industrial clusters is the co operation of the main body of action, namely the so-called "common progress and total retreat".

The industrial relevancy between enterprises in Henan's industrial clusters is generally not high, and it is difficult to form a resultant force to promote the establishment of formal or informal interaction mechanisms among various enterprises outside the market mechanism.

Reporters in Changyuan County saw that the large crane production enterprises were large, but the accessories manufacturers were few, and the enterprises had more procurement links and larger costs.

Compared with the coastal areas, many industrial clusters in Henan rely on the development of rural or small towns, mainly concentrated in some labor-intensive industries with low technical content, such as textile, clothing, footwear, toys, furniture, gas cookers, stainless steel utensils and so on.

These industries are not high in terms of the scale, technology and labor quality of the enterprises. The barriers to entry of industries are low, and some products can only start production with only two or three farmers' family factories. Therefore, in many areas, a large number of low-end industrial clusters have been formed rapidly through simple imitation and learning.

Therefore, how to solve the problem of "blood pfusion" in resource elements such as talent, technology, and weak financial strength and how to solve the problem of innovation has become a top priority.

There are more than 80 enterprises in the Xinmi Qu Liang clothing industrial cluster, but these enterprises are mostly small and medium-sized enterprises. At present, although there are five brands such as "five clouds", "Dun Sen" and "law of Yili", they are famous for the whole world, and the processing capacity of the whole western trousers and board trousers accounts for more than 1/6 of the whole country. However, it is an indisputable fact that the overall scale is small, the brand effect is weak, and the R & D capability of the technology is low.

In the construction of software and supporting systems, Henan industrial clusters are also generally defective.

According to successful experience, a mature industrial cluster must have advanced financial, logistics, information and other service support. Currently, many industrial clusters in Henan are multiple "extroverted synergy", but lack of systematic "internal connection".

Moreover, most of these industrial clusters have not yet built good collective action rules and internal communication channels, lack of integrity mechanism, and generally lack of an inclusive and open social and cultural atmosphere. Excessive competition among enterprises has created a hostile mentality, especially in some places, such as protectionism, discrimination and restrictions on foreign enterprises and population, which impedes the free and effective flow and allocation of information and resources.

"The governance structure of many enterprises is not standardized, and it is easy to be satisfied with the small peasant economic operation mode that goes by and let go."

The person in charge of a development zone in Nanyang said in an interview with reporters, "we should know that at present, some industrial clusters in Henan can also adapt to the opportunities and spaces brought by industrial pfer. But in the future, if we have formed habitual dependence on past industrial forms and organizational management experiences and models, we can not actively seek to change them. Then, the consequences that may arise in the future will be different from those of Jiangsu and Zhejiang nowadays."

The "Industrial Park" puzzled the cultivation and development of industrial clusters. Since 2006, it has become a focal point of Henan provincial governments at all levels in promoting the development of private economy.

Its typical thinking and action is to create various industrial parks and industrial parks.

Li Xinjie pointed out that the industrial park is an effective carrier for the development of industrial clusters. It is necessary to guide and support small and medium-sized enterprises to gather in the parks and promote industrial clusters and special economic development. "We must build a professional industrial park, encourage enterprises with industrial driving capability to enter the park, and guide SMEs to complete production in the park."

We must combine the construction of industrial parks with the development of industrial clusters, small towns and urban construction, work together to build, plan and develop together. We must combine the construction of industrial parks with the rational use of land resources and the protection of the ecological environment so as to achieve the coordinated development of economy, society and environment.

Because industrial clusters are mostly private enterprises, the purpose of constructing industrial parks is to solve the problem of "govern by doing nothing" at all levels of government.

However, if such a train of thought becomes a simple imitation or even a behavior of comparison, then the construction of some industrial parks will go against the opposite of its goal.

The first is "gathering but not group" and "malnutrition".

In the current construction of some parks, there is a strong tendency to "disorder" and "non clustered" enterprises.

Some local governments impose "administrative kneading" on many enterprises, semi compulsively and externally "implantable", and the market mechanism is difficult to play a role, which can not form a virtuous circle effect. Moreover, this leads to over exploitation of real estate projects, though the hard environment is improved, but it makes the land in the park tense, the land and labor costs rise, and the subsequent enterprises are difficult to enter.

Under such a state of haste, the development of clusters is "short-sighted" and lacks the investment in technological innovation, resulting in insufficient or even disappearance of development potential.

At present, several industrial clusters in some areas of Zhengzhou and Xinxiang are facing such difficulties.

The administrative orientation will inevitably lead to the spoil of growth, while the harsh commercial environment and law enforcement environment in some areas make some enterprises that are originally "free to grow" overwhelmed, and there will be large-scale exodus and even flight.

In the first two years, the cause of the collective relocation of a safe production enterprise in Luoyang was related to the local "arbitrary charges".

This is only one part of the problem.

Due to the formation of industrial agglomeration in the park