China'S Economic Structure Is In Urgent Need Of "Fire Fighting"

How to speed up economic structure Adjustment, some scholars and experts have issued prescriptions, that is, only the balanced development side is sustainable.

In fact, the adjustment of economic structure is the fundamental way to transform the driving force of growth and foster new competitive advantages, so as to promote the steady and rapid development of our economy in a longer period.

Economic structure imbalance Guangdong GDP is 81 times Tibet.

"The primary task of changing the mode of economic development and adjusting the economic structure is to expand domestic demand." In March 2010, Premier Li Keqiang proposed at the meeting.

China, as the second largest economy in the world, has been unable to meet the demand for its capacity release and economic development only because of external demand. Due to the imbalance between the East and the west, the development of the economic structure is unbalanced.

In 2005, an economics professor at Harvard University did a very interesting study of China's exports. He found that the structure of China's export products was equivalent to the export structure of countries with a per capita GDP14000 of more than US dollars (based on purchasing power parity).

Why China's per capita GDP is only 5000 dollars, not more than 14000 dollars? The answer is simple: China's industry is not balanced.

From all industries, manufacturing industry In terms of urban infrastructure and so on, China has shown an unbalanced economic structure.

First, from the GDP we most care about, from 2008 to 2012, except for Tibet, the average annual growth rate of GDP was 9.67%, and the remaining 30 provinces were over 10%.

In 2012, the total number of GDP ranked first in Guangdong was 57100 billion yuan, while the total number of Tibet GDP in the final ranking was only 70 billion 100 million yuan, and the total amount of Guangdong GDP was 81 times that of Tibet GDP.

The "unbalanced" economic structure makes Tibet, Qinghai, Ningxia, Hainan, Gansu, Guizhou, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Jilin and Chongqing GDP add together to be equivalent to a convergence.

In fact, we can see the imbalance in economic structure in the areas of infrastructure and industry in the early years of reform and opening up.

Since the beginning of reform and opening up, China's overall economic development has been developing at a high speed. Along with the phenomenon of uneven economic development, the imbalance is manifested by the widening economic gap between the eastern coastal cities and the inland cities of the central and western regions, and at the same time, the imbalance of economic development among different cities in the eastern, central and western regions.

By the end of 2012, China's existing railway mileage was 98 thousand km, although it ranks second in the world, but compared with the 280 thousand km business mileage of the United States, it is still far from enough, and our country's land area is above the United States.

Because of the lag in transportation, we see that the imbalance of economic development is particularly serious, which is quite different from that in the province.

In 2012, Shanxi has a mileage of 5300 kilometers, and Jiangsu railway mileage will reach 3200 kilometers, while Qinghai railway business mileage is only 1856 kilometers.

The poor areas in the Midwest and even East are weak, and the railway mileage is 5 kilometers per capita in the United States, and less than 20 meters per capita in China.

midwest Top 100 enterprises Only 25 families

Regional disparity is one of the major problems facing China's economic and social development. Although the momentum of accelerating the expansion of regional development has slowed down in recent years, the disparity of per capita development level between regions is still too large, and it continues to expand.

From the per capita GDP level in the eastern, central and western regions, the per capita GNP in the eastern region in 1978 was 1.86 times that in the western region, 1.56 times in the central region, and 2.39 times and 2.05 times in 2007 respectively.

The proportion of gross domestic product in the eastern, central and western regions accounted for 50.31%, 29.06% and 20.63% in 1978, respectively, to 59.27%, 23.36% and 17.37%. The proportion of the eastern region has been increasing, and the central and western regions have declined.

Although the regional disparity of residents' income level is smaller than the level of economic development, it also shows an expanding trend.

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In 1978, the per capita disposable income of urban residents in the eastern region was 1.1 times that of the western region, 1.2 times that of the central region, and 1.5 times and 1.46 times respectively by 2007.

The widening of income gap among rural residents is greater than that of towns, indicating that the income gap between regions is the main aspect of regional income gap.

From the perspective of company distribution, most of the top 100 enterprises in the region gathered in the eastern region in 2012, and the number reached 73, an increase of 12 over 2011. Especially in Guangdong Province, the performance was particularly prominent, 14 more than in 2011, 13 in the western region, and 12 in the central region; the development situation in Northeast China is not optimistic, only 2.

It is worth noting that Heilongjiang, Hainan, Shaanxi, Guangxi, Qinghai, Chongqing, Ningxia, Tibet and other provinces (regions) did not have 100 listed companies in 2012.

Zhang Zhixiang, deputy head of the research group of Chinese listed companies, said: "this is related to the uncoordinated and unbalanced regional economic and social development."

The unbalanced development of economic structure between East and West can be reflected from above. How to balance the economy and sustainable development have left much room for development in all regions.

Zhang Ping, director of the national development and Reform Commission, said in public that expanding domestic demand is the most effective way for China to overcome this international financial crisis and deal with external crises. At present, enterprises still face many difficulties, technological innovation capability is not strong enough, and the industrial structure needs further adjustment. From a macro perspective, the problem of unbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable economic development is still outstanding.

Premier Li Keqiang said that China will adhere to the principle of "internal demand" and "internal and external needs" so as to transform the vast space of maneuver into a broad space for development. We should continue to optimize the investment structure, actively seek the combination of investment and consumption, and strive to achieve more investment, expand consumption and benefit people's livelihood.

　 Cultivating endogenous power to realize cities sustainable development

In fact, many years ago, the Central Committee put forward the readjustment of the economic structure and put the focus of economic work on improving efficiency and quality.

Yu Bin, Minister of the Ministry of macroeconomic development of the State Council Development Research Center, said that economic restructuring involves not only the adjustment of the three major demand structures, namely, investment, consumption and export, but also the adjustment of the three industrial structure of agriculture, industry and service industry, and also the adjustment of the structure of the East, middle and west regions, and the adjustment of urban and rural structure, including the adjustment of industrial structure, enterprise structure and product structure. 。

In essence, Yu Bin believes that economic restructuring is the fundamental way to transform the driving force of growth and foster new competitive advantages, so as to promote the steady and rapid development of our economy in a longer period.

Peng Wensheng, managing director of China International Capital Co's chief economist, used the "new middle line" to describe the policy path of China's economic development mode transformation in the "fading away dividend - looking for China's new balance".

If the "new middle route" is described in the process of economic transformation and structural adjustment, how can the policy choose and balance in different objectives or interests pattern, thus promoting the sustainable development of the economy?

To break through the institutional constraints of economic development, prevent economic growth from falling sharply, improve the economic structure, control and manage financial risks, we need to balance structural reform and public policy in terms of equity and efficiency, government and market, the previous generation and the next generation, finance and entities, supply and demand, etc.

At present, our most important goal is to solve our "unbalanced" economic development, only if the balanced development side is sustainable.

According to the latest China's first quarter data, the growth rate of China's economy in the first quarter is 7.7%, and the growth rate in the second half of this year may be slightly lower. However, there is not much problem in achieving the target of 7.5% growth in the whole year.

China's finance minister Lou Jiwei pointed out that while China's economy was slowing down, economic structural adjustment has achieved success, the quality of economic growth has been improved, the contribution rate of consumption to economic growth has been improved, the proportion of service industry has been improved, and the current account surplus is decreasing. He stressed that although the economic adjustment is painful, China will continue to push forward this process.