In 2013, China Stepped On Three Steps For The World's First Trading Nation.

< p > 2013, the impact of the economic crisis began to weaken, the world economy gradually recovered, the international market demand was still weak, the prices of primary products were going down, trade frictions were frequent, and the external situation was grim. Against this background, the state adheres to steady growth, structural adjustment, and the keynote of reform, constantly improving the level of < a > macro regulation and control < /a >, and promoting the steady development of foreign trade. In 2013, China's foreign trade overall showed a low growth trend, and trade exceeded 4 trillion US dollars throughout the year, surpassing the United States as the world's largest trading nation. < /p >
< p > < strong > the resumption of trade with Europe has slowed down to Latin American trade < /strong > /p >
< p > according to the customs statistics book, China's imports and exports to Asia, Africa and North America continued to grow steadily in the month of 2013, representing an increase of 9.1%, 6%, and 7.5% respectively, representing a resumption of growth in European trade, an increase of 6.5% over the same period last year, and a slowdown of 0.3% to Latin American trade in 2013. Over the same period, China's exports to Asia, Africa, Europe and North America increased by 13.4%, 10.4%, 2% and 4.8% compared to the same period, and exports to Latin America and Oceania decreased by 0.1% and 0.2% compared with the same period last year. China's imports from Asia, Africa, Europe, North America and Oceania increased by 5%, 2.7%, 12.8%, 14% and 18.2% compared with the same period last year, and imports from Latin America increased by 0.8% over the same period last year. In Asia, the economic recession in Syria during the war, China's import and export of Syria fell by 46.7%. The Sino Japanese dispute over the Diaoyu Islands seriously affected bilateral economic cooperation, and China's trade with Japan dropped by 6.2%. Africa's political turmoil caused China Africa and Libya to shrink, and China's imports and exports to China, Africa and Libya had a significant decline. Europe, the European debt crisis brought about the German and French economies, China's import and export to Germany and France slowed to 0.1% and -2.9%; Latin America, the decline in international primary commodity prices had adverse effects on some small country economies, and China's import and export of these countries had a significant decline. < /p >
< p > 2013, the Chinese government continued to implement the "win-win" a strategy of opening up to the outside world, and the level of bilateral international economic cooperation with major trading partners has continuously improved, and has made remarkable achievements. China's bilateral free trade area was first extended to Europe and signed a high level FTA agreement with Denmark and Switzerland. As China's economic cooperation with neighboring countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America has become increasingly close, trade, investment and economic cooperation have been interconnected, and China Centered economic and trade links between Asia, Africa and Latin America are taking shape. The concentration of foreign trade in Europe and the United States is decreasing. China's international status and influence have been greatly enhanced, and the discourse power of international rules has increased. < /p >
< p > < strong > general trade growth and stable trade mode diversification < /strong > < /p >
< p > according to the customs statistics book, in 2013, 1~11 exported 20023 billion US dollars, an increase of 8.3% over the same period last year, far below the average annual growth rate of 20% in 2001 ~2011. Among them, general trade exports of 983 billion 930 million US dollars, showing a steady growth trend, an increase of 10.3% over the same period, accounting for 49%; processing trade 780 billion 970 million US dollars, down 0.3%, accounting for 39%; customs special supervision region logistics goods 131 billion 740 million U. S. dollars, up 62.2% over the same period, accounting for 6.6%; border small trade 39 billion 900 million U. S. dollars, an increase of 11.9%, accounting for 11.9%. The general trade export mode takes small and medium-sized enterprises as the main body of operation, and the effect of transformation and upgrading is obvious, which has become the driving force for the growth of foreign trade; the special supervision of Customs regional logistics is a high level trade mode, greatly liberating the productive forces, reflecting the continuous increase of China's participation in the international division of labor, and the extension of the industrial chain to trade, design, finance and transportation chains. Border trade is one of the ways to develop the export-oriented economy in the central and western regions. In order to promote the development of the central and western regions, the state has implemented preferential policies to encourage the development of small trade. In May 2013, the state announced that the export commodities for small border trade should be managed in accordance with the duty exemption of value-added tax and changed to a simplified record management method. The new policy alleviated the burden of taxpayers and promoted the development of border trade. < /p >
< p > over the past 10 years, China's foreign trade has achieved rapid growth as a result of population growth, entry into WTO and dividend policy. Now it has become the world's largest trading nation. Now these are gradually moving away and there are not many advantages. Since 2011, in response to the impact of the financial crisis on the economy, the state has promulgated a series of policy measures aimed at promoting economic transformation and upgrading, supporting the transformation and upgrading of processing trade enterprises, promoting the internationalization of emerging strategic industries, and accelerating the elimination of a number of backward production capacity. At the end of July 2013, the state promulgated 12 policy measures to promote steady growth and structural adjustment of imports and exports, covering various aspects, such as promoting the development of cross-border e-commerce, enhancing the role of public service platforms, and promoting trade facilitation. These policy effects will be gradually released and lay a good foundation for 2014. < /p >
< p > < strong > > a > export product < /a > structural optimization. The export of new and high technology products will not increase less than /strong > /p >
< p > according to the customs statistics book, the export of mechanical and electrical products in 2013 1~11 was 1 trillion and 147 billion 890 million US dollars, an increase of 7.9% over the previous year, accounting for 57.3%. The export of high-tech products was 599 billion 270 million US dollars, an increase of 11.1% over the previous year, accounting for 30%. Exports of primary products increased by 6.2%, up from last year. Exports of foodstuffs and activities, beverages and cigarettes, mineral fuels and animal and vegetable oils increased by 6.9%, -2.1%, 8.2% and 8.1% compared to the same period. Exports of industrial products increased by 8.4% over the same period last year. Exports of chemicals, related products, manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment and miscellaneous products classified by raw materials increased by 5.5%, 8.2%, 8.4% and 9%, respectively. Exports of leather products, paper and paperboard products, electric power and electrical parts and furniture products increased by 16.1%, 16.1%, 24.8% and 25% respectively. Exports of traditional products such as travel, clothing and accessories, shoes and boots continued to grow steadily, up 12.7%, 11.9% and 9.4%, respectively. < /p >
In order to promote the development of foreign trade and foster a new competitive advantage, in 2012, the state issued four guiding policy documents in succession. The guiding opinions on accelerating the transformation of the mode of Foreign Trade Development announced in March 2012 put forward the three construction of foreign trade transformation base, Mao Yiping station and international marketing network, improving the quality of export commodities and improving the level of processing trade. The introduction of four guidance documents in one year reflects the importance and urgency of promoting the transformation of foreign trade, indicating that the transformation and upgrading of foreign trade has entered the stage of standardization. After the publication of the document, many state-level and local level foreign trade transformation demonstration bases have been found everywhere to promote the development of industrial agglomeration and provide incubator and exemplary role for the development of new industries. Since 2013, these policies have produced positive effects. The export growth of resource intensive, high energy consuming and high polluting industries has slowed down, while the export of new products, new technologies, new brands and emerging strategic industries has increased considerably. The traditional advantages have been constantly improving and new competitive advantages are being formed. < /p >
< p > < strong > import growth continues to slow down, product structure is becoming more and more reasonable {page_break} < /strong > /p >
< p > due to the shrinking international and domestic market demand and the decline in international commodity prices, imports in 2013 increased by 7.1% on the basis of the customs statistics book. The growth rate was basically unchanged from the previous year, and the monthly growth rate showed an upward trend of volatility in 2013. Mechanical and electrical products imports 764 billion 240 million US dollars, an increase of 7.6% over the same period, accounting for 43%. The import of high-tech products was 507 billion 530 million US dollars, an increase of 12.5% over the previous year, accounting for 29%. Imports of primary products increased by 2.7% over the same period last year, accounting for 33%. Imports of food and activities, beverages and tobacco, non edible raw materials, mineral fuels and animal and vegetable oils increased by 16.2%, 2.9%, 5.6%, -0.6% and -16%, respectively. Imports of meat and meat products, dairy and egg products, tobacco and their products, raw skins and raw fur, cork and wood and other animal and plant materials increased by 46.1%, 51.4%, 8.6%, 21%, 23.4% and 24.4%, respectively. Imports of manufactured goods increased by 9.5% year-on-year, accounting for 77%, of which chemical products and related products, manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment and miscellaneous articles imported by raw materials increased by 5.7%, 0.2%, 9.1% and 2.3% respectively. Imports of the most specific products: cork and wood products, non-metallic mineral products, telecommunications equipment, electrical machinery, electrical parts, other transport equipment and < a > clothing > /a > and accessories accessories increased by 27%, 26.5%, 18.7%, 17.7%, 25.4% and 17, respectively. The growth rate of land vehicle imports has slowed down by only 2.6%. < /p >
Since the outbreak of the international financial crisis, in order to expand imports, optimize the import structure and promote trade balance, the P has issued a series of policy documents. In March 2011, the Chinese government announced a number of opinions on implementing the strategy of promoting import and export of mechanical and electrical products during the period of < a > 12th Five-Year < /a >, aiming at promoting the optimization and adjustment of import and export structure of electromechanical products, strengthening international consultation and cooperation, and actively building bilateral economic and trade cooperation platform in the field of high technology. In March 2012, the state also issued guidance on strengthening imports and promoting balanced development of foreign trade. Under the control of strong national macro policies, the import of advanced technology and equipment, resource products, food and consumer goods increased rapidly in 2013, meeting the needs of domestic economic development, enriching the market supply and greatly improving the welfare level of the people. < /p >
< p > < strong > private enterprises become general trade subjects < /strong > < /p >
According to customs statistics, exports of state-owned enterprises, foreign-funded enterprises and private enterprises increased by -2.9%, 2.1% and 22.1%, respectively, accounting for 11.3%, 47% and 39% respectively in the month of 2013 1~11. < p > In terms of general trade, state-owned enterprises exported 131 billion 980 million US dollars, down 3.6% from the same period last year, accounting for 13.4%; foreign invested enterprises exported 246 billion 800 million US dollars, up 4.1% over the previous year, accounting for 25%; private enterprises exported 568 billion 30 million US dollars, up 17.5% over the previous year, accounting for 57.7%. In terms of processing trade, state-owned enterprises exported 46 billion 900 million US dollars, down 15.1% from the same period last year, accounting for 6%, and foreign invested enterprises exported 646 billion 940 million US dollars, down 6.4% from the same period last year, accounting for 83%, and private enterprises exported 77 billion 400 million US dollars, up 1.5% over the previous year, accounting for 10%. Private enterprises are flexible in mechanism, low in management cost, and actively innovating technology, brand, quality and marketing network, becoming the main body of general trade. In April 2013, the list of "top 100 export enterprises for general trade" was released in April 2013. HUAWEI technology limited ranked first, while Zte Corp and HUAWEI terminals ranked two or three respectively. < /p >
< p > private enterprises continue to grow and develop and gradually replace state-owned enterprises. The trend is that the state's macroeconomic regulation and control efforts are constantly increasing, the business environment is gradually improving, the role of the market in economic transformation is becoming more and more important, and the monopoly position of state-owned enterprises is decreasing. The main body of the upgrading of processing trade is foreign capital. The transformation and upgrading of processing trade depend on foreign capital. The role of foreign capital in the development of foreign trade is irreplaceable. < /p >
< p > < strong > trade friction with Europe and America increased < /strong > /p >
< p > China has been the most trade friction country in the world. In 2013, the trade friction "/a" was the most serious in 2013 compared with the "a href=" http://sjfzxm.com/news/index_s.asp "trade in Europe and the United States, covering a wide range of products, including new products such as activated carbon, steel products, and photovoltaic products. The trade frictions also came from anti-dumping, countervailing duties and other punitive tariffs to trade restrictions and quality standards. Litigation countries included the United States, the European Union, Australia and other countries and regions, as well as emerging economies such as Argentina, Brazil and India. < /p >
< p > February 2013, the United States decided to impose punitive tariffs on China's application class wind towers and impose anti-dumping duties on China's active carbon. In June of the same year, the United States imposed anti-dumping duties on rebar products and xanthan gum products such as China. In May 2013, the European Commission decided to launch anti-dumping and countervailing investigations on wireless communication networks and key equipment from China. It is worth mentioning that the Sino EU trade disputes on photovoltaic products, after the efforts of the Chinese government and other parties, reached a "price commitment" agreement in August 2013 between China and Europe on the issue of photovoltaic products, so as not to impose high anti-dumping duties, providing a successful case for bilateral trade disputes settlement in the future. < /p >
Since the outbreak of "P" > a and "financial crisis" /a, the European debt crisis is spreading, and the tendency of international trade protection is becoming more serious. According to the "Global trade warning" of the think tank in Britain, nearly 90% of the trade restrictions issued by the group of twenty members are still in operation in the past 5 years since the outbreak of the financial crisis. As of August 19, 2013, nearly 300 countries in the world have "neighbour" trade measures. < /p >