The Xiajin Phenomenon Shows That Reducing The Cost Of Seed Cotton Is Imminent.

　　 recently Shandong province cotton producing county Dezhou County Xiajin County cotton enters the harvest season. According to Wang Anjun, Secretary General of Xiajin Cotton Association, it is estimated that the average yield of seed cotton is more than 520 Jin this year, and the high yield land reaches more than 600 Jin, which is the highest output in nearly 6 years. However, local cotton farmers generally reflected that too many cotton seeds were employed and too little profit, and cotton could not be happy at the present harvest. Most cotton growers say they will not grow or grow less cotton next year. The data from the cotton association of Dezhou is more evidence of this fact. In the past 30 years, the cotton area in Dezhou has been above 2 million mu, and the highest year has reached 5 million 300 thousand mu. However, the area of cotton fields has declined sharply in recent years, and 1 million 130 thousand Mu in 2013 and 680 thousand mu in 2014, becoming the least year since 1978. At the same time, the whole county mechanized scale cotton seed has been successful.

Benefits decline, cotton farmers fight "retreat drum"

The head of Dezhou Cotton Association calculated a detailed account: according to the current market situation, the purchase price of seed cotton is about 3.5 yuan per catty, more than 3.5 yuan, and cotton processing enterprises will lose money. This price is about 0.6 yuan lower than that of the previous three years. If the yield per seed per seed is 520 Jin, 3.5 yuan / Jin per catty, the output value of one mu of cotton is 1820 yuan. The cost of direct planting of cotton this year is about 560 yuan per mu (75 yuan for machine ploughing, raking and loosening, 50 yuan for cotton seeds, 15 yuan for machine sowing, 25 yuan for plastic film, 270 yuan for chemical fertilizers, 80 yuan for pesticides, 30 yuan for land charges, 15 yuan for pulling cotton seeds). Cotton is used for 22 people per mu (Times). According to 50 yuan per person per day, the labor cost per mu for planting cotton is 1100 yuan. Cotton growers Own The land is not artificial cost, deducting the direct cost, the yield per mu is 1260 yuan. Excluding labor costs, the net income of cotton seed per mu is only 160 yuan.

Grain crops (one season wheat and one season maize) only employ 13 people in the two quarter. The grain output per mu is 2700 yuan, and the cost of planting grain is 1765 yuan, after deducting the planting cost plus the grain subsidy of 125 yuan per mu. After deducting the labor cost, the grain yield per mu is 1115 yuan.

When cotton is not compared with grain crops, the cost of planting cotton per mu is less than 505 yuan. In the case of artificial labor, cotton seeds yield less than 955 yuan per mu.

Xiajin Hongfeng cotton industry company spanfers 1000 mu of cotton in the area. Li Hongsheng, manager of the company, said he subcontracted 1000 mu of cotton land to more than 10 farmers, and was responsible for farming, planting, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, seeds, watering and so on. It is estimated that, after deducting rent and direct costs, the loss of 280 yuan per mu will be much higher if we catch up with the disaster.

Mechanized cotton production is the way out.

The main reason that restricts the development of cotton production in China is the large number of cotton seeds and low degree of mechanization.

Compared with advanced cotton growing countries, China's cotton production mode is backward, mechanization is low, and production cost is high. In the United States, the cost of picking seed cotton is about 80 yuan per mu, which is only 1/5 of the cost of artificial cotton production in China. The United States produces an average of 0.5 working days for producing 50 kilograms of lint, while China The height is 12. At present, the cost of labor has been rising, and there is no benefit for the scattered cotton planting in one household.

Since 2013, Shandong has carried out a pilot plant for mechanization of cotton production from cotton planting, spraying and chemical control to picking in Binzhou, Dezhou and Weifang.

Since last year, Xiajin county supply and marketing cooperative has set up more than 200 mu of cotton mechanized planting demonstration base in Song Lou town. It has been mechanized from cotton planting, spraying, chemical control to harvesting, and the yield per mu has increased by 50~100 Jin compared with conventional planting. After the whole mechanized operation, only 5 people (from time to time) from the seed to the harvest per mu were reduced by 17 people (about). The cost of machine production is about 145 yuan per mu, which is 150~200 yuan / mu more than that of picking up cotton and 480 yuan per mu.

Cotton production hopes for national policy support

In this regard, the Dezhou cotton association responsible person suggested that the state promulgated policies to support the healthy development of the cotton industry:

First, it is suggested that the state subsidize cotton planting in the cotton fields in the mainland. In addition to Xinjiang, other major cotton producing provinces and cities in the mainland should also be included in the subsidy scope, and their subsidies directly subsidize large cotton farmers and professional cotton cooperatives.

The two is to introduce preferential policies to support the development of cotton professional cooperatives. The cotton cooperatives provide uniform seeding and uniform spraying for cotton growers to reduce labor intensity and labor time.

Three is the national support mechanization scale planting and machine picked cotton pilot. The whole mechanized scale planting of cotton will be a trend of development. It can save a lot of labor, and the income is higher than that of traditional planting. It is suggested that the state provide some financial support for the mechanized scale planting and machine production of cotton.

Four, the state arranges special funds every year to establish high-quality cotton base counties in the main cotton producing areas to support local cotton production.