China'S Textile Industry Has Become A "World Factory" Hard Won.

Well deserved "world factory"

The crown of the world factory is China.

It can be said that it was a little late.

Here, let the numbers and facts prove.

1. industrial scale.

The textile industry is the earliest traditional industry in China, and it has some foundation in the middle of twentieth Century.

But the so-called "foundation" is only more than 100 large and medium-sized textile factories, 750 thousand employees and 5 million cotton spinning spindles, 130 thousand wool spinning spindles, 60 thousand hemp spinning spindles and 9 million silk reeling equipment.

The main industries of the "big textile" industry take off cotton textile as early as possible.

In the 65 years since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the scale of the national cotton textile industry started from 5 million 130 thousand ingots in 1950, and gradually developed into 17 million 800 thousand ingots in 1980, and 34 million 440 thousand ingots in 2000, and 120 million ingots in recent years (2010~2014).

The industrial scale of China's cotton spinning industry is the world's unprecedented record in the past more than 200 years since the first industrial revolution.

The industrial scale of wool, linen and silk has also developed considerably.

The total number of wool textile spindles started from 130 thousand ingots in 1952, and developed to 600 thousand ingots in 1980 and 2 million 590 thousand spindles in 1990 (which is next only to Italy, the world's largest wool textile country).

In the middle and late 90s of last century, it developed to more than 4 million spindles. At this time, the world's wool textile industry was found to have excess capacity. After macro-control, it has been kept at 3 million yuan level, but it is still at the forefront of the world.

The development of the chemical fiber industry is a reflection of the world.

In the mid twentieth Century (1955), the chemical fiber manufacturing industry in the United States, Germany, Britain, France and Japan has entered its heyday.

At that time, the chemical fiber manufacturing industry in China was still "zero".

But then it was a blockbuster: in 1970, output was 100 thousand tons, breaking through 500 thousand tons in 1981, breaking through 1 million tons in 1986, and breaking through 5 million tons in 1998.

Farther away, it was the distance.

In 2012, China made 37 million 180 thousand tons of chemical fiber, accounting for 62.5% of the world's total output, equivalent to 9.4 times the output of the United States chemical fiber in the same year, 14.4 times the output of Western Europe, and 42 times the output of Japan.

Then in 2013, it jumped to 41 million 220 thousand tons.

2. major textile output.

65 years after the founding of the people's Republic of China, cotton yarn production started from 437 thousand tons in 1950, and gradually increased to 2 million 930 thousand tons in 1980, 6 million 600 thousand tons in 2000, 14 million 510 thousand tons in 2005, 27 million 180 thousand tons in 2010 and 32 million tons in 2013.

The output of cotton cloth, starting from 2 billion 500 million meters in 1950, gradually developed into 16 billion 500 million meters in 1980, 27 billion 700 million meters in 2000, 48 billion 400 million meters in 2005, 80 billion meters in 2010, and 88 billion 300 million meters in 2013.

The output of woolen cloth increased from 4 million 880 thousand meters in 65 years to 580 million meters in 2013.

Ramie / linen output in 65 years from 5 million meters to 910 million meters in 2013.

The output of real silk rose from 52 million meters in 65 years to 940 million meters in 2013.

Natural silk production increased from 3500 tons in 65 years to 149 thousand tons in 2013.

Relying on the development of the filament manufacturing industry, the filament manufacturing industry has developed from scratch to 65 m / nylon filament fabric in 42 billion years (2013).

The woven (woven) garment manufacturing industry pformed from the handicraft industry developed from 390 million in 1965 and 945 million in 1980 to 11 billion 600 million in 2000 and 13 billion 900 million in 2013.

From the "big textile" industry chain to a small industry, the knitted apparel industry developed from 540 million in 1960 to 13 billion 180 million in 2013.

3. textile fiber processing capacity.

This is the most comprehensive index of the scale of textile production.

This index may explain the great changes in the overall scale of China's textile industry.

In the 65 years since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the "fiber processing capacity" of China's textile industry has been rising steadily.

Starting from less than 500 thousand tons (5% of the world's total) in 1950, it gradually developed to 3 million 490 thousand tons in 1980 (11.4% in the world), 13 million 600 thousand tons in 2000 (25% in the world), and 41 million 300 thousand tons in 2010 (52% of the world).

China's textile industry in 2010 "total fiber processing" 41 million 300 thousand tons, accounting for 52% of the world, this is not a trivial matter.

At this point, China's textile industry has developed to such an extent: industry.

Half the world.

Proud of the modern version of "clothes quilt".

In ancient China, Han and Tang Dynasties flourishing, there was a grand occasion of "Qilu quilts and the world".

Nowadays, "clothing is the world" is the development level of textile industry which can not be easily achieved in the world.

Many years after the founding of new China, the state was committed to solving the problem of the supply of textiles and people's food and clothing in the domestic market.

It is unbelievable: until 1965, the total export volume of textiles and clothing was only 480 million US dollars (290 million of textiles and 190 million dollars of clothing).

In the middle and late 80s of last century, the textile and garment export began to take off, with the elimination of a series of new factors such as the collection of textile products and the management of the textile industry, especially the series of new factors such as "two resources and two markets" made by the State Council and the international market.

In 1988, the export of textiles and garments was 10 billion dollars, 50 billion dollars in 2000, 100 billion dollars in 2005, 150 billion dollars in 2007, 200 billion dollars in 2010, and a record high of 292 billion 80 million dollars in 2013.

It can be said that the trend is "breaking the ice".

The total export volume of textiles and clothing in the world was 708 billion 350 million US dollars in 2012. In the same year, the total export volume of China's textiles and clothing was US $255 billion 60 million, accounting for 36% of the world's total.

The total export volume of Chinese textiles is equivalent to 5 times that of the European Union (27 countries) in the same year, and is larger than that of the total number of 9 countries in the first 9 countries of the world's textile and garment exporting countries (regions) 10 in 2012 (US $223 billion 800 million).

Today's "textile industry in China"

"Status" has precedent in the history of world industry, but very few.

The most typical precedent is the flourishing period of the British textile industry after its "industrial revolution".

In the late nineteenth Century, Britain became the largest industrial country in the world.

In the first half of the twentieth Century, the British cotton textile industry developed to 63 million 300 thousand spindles and wool textile industry, and developed to a large scale of 5 million 160 thousand spindles.

1910~1913 accounted for 775 thousand tonnes or 58% of the total world trade in cotton fabrics in 1 million 345 thousand tons.

No doubt, it is the source of the industrial revolution that the British textile industry pioneered the "world factory".

But even the most impressive British Empire textile industry has evolved into a "world factory" after nearly a century of hardship.

Since then, the wool spinning and weaving industry in the United States and the wool textile industry in Italy have seen similar situations in their prime.

But whether it is the textile industry in the United Kingdom or the textile industry in the United States and Italy, the industrial scale and the scale of textile and clothing exports in its prime period are not comparable with the current textile industry in China.

High level strategizing lays the foundation for "world factory"

In the mid twentieth Century, the cotton textile industry in China was only 5 million ingots in the middle of twentieth Century. It was only 1/2 in the same year as the American cotton spinning industry (21 million 790 thousand spindles) and the cotton spinning and weaving industry (10 million 220 thousand spindles) in the United States. The wool textile industry only had 130 thousand spindles, only 2.5% of the British wool weaving industry (5 million 160 thousand spindles) in the same year, 4% of the American wool textile industry (3 million 30 thousand spindles), 14% of the Japanese wool textile industry (960 thousand spindles), and the major chemical fiber manufacturing industry in China was still "zero" in 1950 1/4.

It is not difficult to understand that in the 65 years after the founding of new China, the Chinese textile industry first started catching up, followed by all the efforts to catch up with it, and then it turned out to be a "world factory".

Here, I want to talk about some thought-provoking historical plots.

First, China's textile industry "large-scale construction" the first battle of Zhongnanhai decision.

In March 1953, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De and other central leaders listened to the proposal of the Party group of the Ministry of textile industry on expanding the cotton textile capacity during the "15" period of textile industry in Zhongnanhai.

In the 50s of last century, it was not easy to build 3 million spindles of cotton textile industry in 5 years.

The decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has opened a prelude to the large-scale construction of the textile industry.

Second, a special arrangement for prime minister Zhou Enlai: the State Council directly convened the national cotton conference to personally ask questions.

In the early 60s of last century, the aftermath of the great leap forward showed that cotton production in China was seriously reduced.

There are still some tough problems in cotton production, such as grain and cotton competition, grain and cotton prices and so on. It is difficult to make progress.

At this time, Premier Zhou made a very special arrangement. The State Council directly convened the annual National Cotton Conference and personally asked about it.

Third, China's synthetic fiber manufacturing industry starts from "zero".

In the autumn and winter of 1957, Premier Zhou Enlai personally decided to organize a research group on chemical and chemical fibres to visit Japan.

The delegation then selected Vigny's manufacturing technology in Kurashiki, Japan.

In 1963, the State Planning Commission approved the introduction of complete sets of equipment and technology in Kurashiki to build an annual Vigny production plant of 10 thousand tons in Beijing.

China's synthetic fiber industry started.

At that time, it became an important international news.

Fourth, Li Xiannian's humor.

In early 1972, Qian Chi Guang, supported by the State Planning Commission, put forward a report on the construction of large-scale chemical fiber enterprises with oil and natural gas as raw materials.

After sending the State Council business team, Li Xiannian, Hua Guofeng and Yu Qiuli immediately agreed and jointly submitted to Premier Zhou the "introduction of 4 sets of new sets of chemical fiber new technology equipment, striving for five or six years to be completed and put into production, with annual output of 240 thousand tons of synthetic fiber".

Thus, the State Planning Commission and the Ministry of textile industry made arrangements for the construction of 4 large-scale chemical fiber factories such as Shanghai (Jinshan) Petrochemical General Plant, Liaoyang petroleum chemical fiber, Tianjin petroleum chemical fiber and Sichuan Vigny fiber factory.

The total investment estimate is 7 billion 300 million yuan, and the foreign exchange rate is 740 million US dollars. The scale is large and the advanced technology is rare in the world.

Qian Zhiguang, then 72 years old, has devoted all his energies to four "big chemical fiber construction projects" since then.

In the mid 70s of last century, Qian Chi Guang also discussed with Jiao Shanmin, Vice Minister of the construction of the "big chemical fiber", that after the national chemical fiber production reached 500 thousand tons, the second step would be 500 thousand tons.

This magnificent idea has been fully supported by Li Xiannian.

So, there is a building.