How To Improve The Current Status Of Silk Raw Materials

In recent 10 years, the proportion of silk in fiber has decreased year by year, and has decreased from original 1.8/1000 to 1/1000.

At the same time, the price of silk fiber has risen to 10 times the average price of other fibers.

This means that silk's superiority in fiber competition has been lost to a certain extent, and consumers and garment factories are getting far away from silk.

In the view of Ling Lanfang, chairman of the Silk Road Group, today's fashion is fast and fashionable. In the brand of UNIQLO and H&M, silk can get very little soup. One of the most important reasons is the high cost of raw materials.

In the silkworm industry chain, agriculture, industry and foreign trade are out of line. Cocoon processing enterprises do not really connect with farmers. The sericulture industry can not be organized and scale up. In addition, some silk enterprises have not built the whole industry chain management mode, which has restricted the advantages of cocoon silk.

The short board of the former production line seriously restricts the development of the industry.

Experts believe that in order to improve the current situation of silk raw materials, in the process of pformation and upgrading of the silk industry, the government should support state-level and provincial leading enterprises to invest in building high-quality raw material bases, promote farmers to produce high-quality cocoons by means of economic means, and promote silkworm cultivation as a whole, actively explore the "brand enterprise + raw material base" business mode, encourage sericulture farmers to enhance the enthusiasm of planting mulberry and raise silkworms, and curb the rapid decline of silkworm production.

In 2015 1~12, according to statistics from National Bureau of statistics on 404 reeling silk spinning enterprises above Designated Size, the output of silk was 172 thousand and 100 tons, an increase of 4.66% over the same period last year.

In the 16 silk producing areas of the country, besides the increase of silk production in 9 provinces and autonomous regions such as Guizhou, Shaanxi, Guangdong and Guangxi, the output of silk in 7 provinces and autonomous regions such as Henan, Liaoning and Shandong has been reduced to varying degrees, especially in the province of Henan, where the yield of silk has dropped by 45.88%.

In Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong, Anhui and other famous high quality silkworm cocoons in the east of China, the output of cocoons is decreasing at the rate of 10%~15% each year, and the output of cocoons in the 3 provinces of Guangxi, Sichuan and Yunnan is still keeping or increasing.

The number of East sang West shift is over, but talent, technology, quality, information and market have not yet been removed. This has become an urgent problem for China's silkworm silk industry.

Taking Zhejiang Huzhou as an example, the output of Huzhou billet accounts for 30% of the total output of the national silk fabric and 1/4 of the total output of the world's green silk.

In recent years, the average annual export volume of Huzhou's green silk is about 150 million meters ~2 billion meters, but the added value is not high.

The sericulture production in Zhejiang is also shrinking: the mulberry area has decreased from 1 million 520 thousand mu in 1994 to 860 thousand mu in 2014, and has decreased by 43%. The output of cocoon has dropped from 140 thousand tons in 1992 to 47 thousand tons in 2014, reducing 66%, and returning to the level of the beginning of 70s in the early 20th century.

At present, our country

The lack of cocoons, such as only a small amount of raw cocoons in Zhejiang's Qiandao Lake, can be used. Other raw materials of cocoons must be ordered far away from Yunnan and Sichuan. The cost is very high, and the quantity of raw materials of cocoon in Yunnan is reduced.

Therefore, the pformation of the silk industry needs immediate improvement of raw materials.

At present, China's silkworm cocoon materials are still dependent on thousands of households' silkworm farmers, without industrialization, scale, specialization, mechanization and overcapacity.

Serious recession.

Even some sericultural cooperatives are centralized processing and centralized sales. In recent decades, progress has not been made in improving varieties, improving quality, scientifically raising silkworms, reducing costs and increasing efficiency.

In recent years, the cost of agriculture has increased sharply, the price of raw materials has been pushed up rigidly, the reeling capacity is relatively surplus, and the phenomenon of high price of raw materials is tolerated. The result is that one production and second production are all injured: the farmers' quality of cocoons is getting worse and worse, and there is no profit and lack of confidence in the industry.

Because of the increasing cost of mulberry cultivation and silkworm breeding, the lack of scientific and technological support in silkworm industry, and the input-output ratio are not as good as those of other cash crops, resulting in serious abandoning of mulberry in the East and "eating" in the West.

The process of industrialization is lagging behind, extensive farming and neglect management, lack of quality responsibility subjects and serious deterioration of raw materials.

At present, 650 thousand tons of silkworm cocoons in the whole country can not produce more than 5A grade raw materials.

The silkworm cocoon of the international brand Hermes silk can be remanufactured, less than 5000 tons nationwide.

China's mechanization and refinement are far inferior to that of Japan, France and Brazil, and even India has been catching up with cocoon quality management in recent years.

The average annual production capacity of Silk Reeling Enterprises in China is only 80% of that in 80s of last century. This is mainly due to our relatively extensive agriculture and industry.

In addition, "artificial leaf picking and cocoon harvesting are hard and laborious, and the mechanization degree of silkworm production is less than 20%, which has become a major bottleneck restricting the development of industry."

Zhou Chengwei, deputy director of Silkworm Breeding Institute of Jiangsu Province, analyzed that compared with planting rice and wheat, silkworm rearing season is strong, equipment utilization rate is low, the market is small, and R & D investment is much, which can not stimulate R & D institutions and enterprises' R & D enthusiasm.

Experts believe that land constraints can be improved through technical means, and who will breed mulberry and who will raise silkworms is the biggest problem.

"Through the improvement of varieties, the mulberry leaf yield of new mulberry trees can reach 2500 kg ~3000 kg, which is two times the original old mulberry tree, and the key is how to improve farmers' enthusiasm."

It is suggested that the government departments should increase support for historical classic industries, such as developing "order agriculture", and making policy subsidies for larger production bases.