CIC'S Latest Survey Report: The Top 500 Enterprises In China'S Manufacturing Industry Have Returned To Work At A Rate Of 97%, And The Capacity Utilization Rate Is Nearly 60%.

Research group of China Federation of enterprises

The main difficulties and problems faced by enterprises in resuming production and resuming production are difficulties in transportation and logistics, difficulty in returning workers to work, shortage of epidemic prevention materials, difficulties in delivery of products from upstream and downstream industries, pressure on capital chain, difficulties in order fulfillment and continuation, inability to advance projects, rising costs and international trade impact.

The impact and impact of the new crown pneumonia epidemic on China's economic operation is continuing. Under the premise of doing a good job in the prevention and control work, we should fully support and organize all kinds of production enterprises to resume work and resume production, and maintain the overall stability of the industrial chain.

In order to implement the directive spirit of general secretary Xi Jinping's important speech on epidemic prevention and control and the series of deployment requirements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, we should give full play to the role of the enterprise representatives, reflect the situation, major problems and policy demands of the large manufacturing enterprises in China to resume work and resume production, and provide reference for the government's decision making. The China enterprise consortium set up a research group, which began in February 12th. Through the network data platform, we conduct a directional survey of the top 500 manufacturing enterprises in China.

Now we will investigate the situation, problems and policy demands of the 500 strong enterprises in China's manufacturing sector at 12 from February 18th to 20th.

This online survey takes the top 500 manufacturing enterprises in China as the object of investigation. The survey has issued 491 enterprises (excluding 9 enterprises in Hubei province). There are 336 Chinese state-owned and state-controlled enterprises, 155 private and private holding enterprises, and 342 enterprises have been recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 69.65%. Among them, 106 state-owned and state holding enterprises, 68.39% effective recovery rate, 236 private and private holding enterprises, and an effective recovery rate of 70.24%.

The survey samples were mainly distributed in ferrous metallurgy, non-ferrous metals, chemical raw materials and chemicals, petrochemical and coking, power and electrical equipment, automobiles and parts, household appliances, pharmaceutical and other industries. The proportion of these industries accounted for 14.91%, 8.77%, 7.60%, 6.43%, 6.14%, 4.39%, 3.80% and 3.80% respectively. The distribution of the economic type of the survey sample is shown in Table 1.

The samples were distributed in 26 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government. Enterprises in Jilin and Guizhou did not take part in the survey. There were no top 500 manufacturing enterprises in Hainan and Tibet. Hubei did not invite enterprises to participate because of the serious epidemic situation.

The survey results show that the top 500 enterprises in China's manufacturing sector have resumed 97.08%.

In the resumed and reproduced enterprises, the average rate of staff arrival is 66.17%, the average operating rate of the member enterprises is 75.24%, and the capacity utilization rate is 58.98%. The situation of resumption and recovery of state owned enterprises is generally better than that of private enterprises.

The average capacity utilization rate of black metallurgy, petrochemical and coking industry, general coloured, boilers and power equipment manufacturing, papermaking and packaging, chemical raw materials and chemical manufacturing industry were 71.96%, 70.95%, 70%, 68.33%, 68.33% and 67.31% respectively; boiler and power equipment manufacturing, black metallurgy, petrochemical and coking, communication equipment manufacturing, chemical raw materials and chemical manufacturing, and manufacturing. The average return rate of employees in the paper and packaging industry was 86.67%, 83.72%, 81.36%, 76%, 75.77% and 73.33% respectively, and the average start-up rate of boiler and power equipment manufacturing, construction machinery and parts, petrochemical and coking, chemical raw materials and chemicals manufacturing, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and precious metals industry were higher, 96.67%, 88.57%, 85.71%, 83.85%, 83.85%, and 83.85%, respectively.

Compared with continuous production industries, technology intensive industries and capital intensive industries, the average recovery rate of the top 500 manufacturing enterprises in labor-intensive industries is low. Compared with those with surplus labor force, the top 500 manufacturing enterprises with large labor force input have an average recovery rate.

The survey results showed that the main difficulties and problems faced by enterprises in resumption and resumption of production were difficulties in traffic and logistics, reemployment of employees, difficulty in returning jobs, shortage of epidemic prevention materials, difficulties in delivery of products on the upstream and downstream industries, pressure on capital chain, difficulties in order fulfillment and continuation, inability to advance projects, rising costs and impact on international trade.

The main policy demands of the survey enterprises are: we hope that after the effective control of the national epidemic prevention and control, we will increase the coordination support for the resumption of production and production, strengthen the supply of basic raw materials and epidemic prevention materials, protect the economic operation from the source, set up inter provincial transport emergency coordination agencies, provide epidemic prevention materials for the full resumption of work, strengthen financial support and services, and strengthen financial support. And strengthen support services for international enterprises.

I. Analysis of resumption of production and resumption of production

1. the overall situation of resumption and resumption of production is generally better, and state-owned enterprises are better than private enterprises.

There are 106 state-owned enterprises, the average rate of return to work, the rate of utilization of the member enterprises and the utilization rate of production capacity are 70.66%, 82.38% and 62.19% respectively. There are 236 private enterprises, the average rate of return to work, the rate of utilization of the member enterprises and the utilization rate of capacity are 64.07%, 71.86% and 57.42% respectively. See Table 2 for details. Generally speaking, the indicators of state owned enterprises are obviously better than those of private enterprises, and private enterprises have more difficulties and problems in resuming work and reproducing.

Among the 106 enterprises, there are 43 and 66 enterprises with a capacity utilization rate of 80% and 60%, respectively, with 53 and 81 employees returning to job rates of 80% and 60%, respectively. Among the 236 private enterprises, there are 59 and 117 enterprises with capacity utilization of 80% and 60%, respectively. There are 103 and 148 enterprises with 80% or more employees returning to the job market, and there are 80% and 60% members in the enterprises whose starting rate is above 80% and 60%.

2. the rate of resumption of production is higher in continuous production industries, technology intensive industries and capital intensive industries.

According to the industry, excluding the number of industries with less than 3 enterprises, the utilization rate of black metal metallurgy, petrochemical and coking industry, general coloured, boilers and power equipment manufacturing, paper making and packaging, chemical raw materials and chemical manufacturing industry were higher than those of other industries, which were 71.96%, 70.95%, 70%, 68.33%, 68.33% and 67.31% respectively. The average capacity utilization rate of the department store industry is low, which is 32.5%, 25% and 22.5% respectively.

The average return rate of workers in boilers and power equipment manufacturing, black metallurgy, petrochemical and coking, communication equipment manufacturing, chemical raw materials and chemicals manufacturing, papermaking and packaging industry were 86.67%, 83.72%, 81.36%, 76%, 75.77% and 73.33% respectively. The average return rate of metal products processing, computing machines and office equipment and light industry department stores was low, 43.33% and 37.5% respectively. 30%.

Boiler and power equipment manufacturing, construction machinery and spare parts, petrochemical and coking, chemical raw materials and chemicals manufacturing, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and precious metals industry, the average member enterprises have a relatively high operating rate of 96.67%, 88.57%, 85.71%, 83.85%, 83.85% and 83.33% respectively; the average operating rate of the average member enterprises in chemical fiber manufacturing, wire and cable, computer and office equipment industry is low, 5 respectively. 0%, 48.57%, 47.5%.

On the whole, the rate of resumption of production is relatively high in the continuous production industry, technology intensive industry and capital intensive industry, and the return rate of labor intensive industries is low.

3. labor abundant provinces have high recovery rate.

Excluding the 500 manufacturing enterprises with less than 5 manufacturing provinces, from the regional distribution, Guangxi, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan, Sichuan, Henan, Shandong, Hebei, Shanxi and other relatively abundant labor force provinces have a higher rate of resumption of labor and recovery, and the utilization rate of labor shortages in the labor shortage areas such as Guangdong, Guangdong, Shanxi, Delta and Pearl River Delta is relatively low.

Compared with the average capacity utilization rate of 67.67% of Shandong Province, the average capacity utilization rate of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, which is the major manufacturing province, is only 46.18% and 44.62%. The reason is that the gap between the rate of employee arrival and Shandong is very large. On the other hand, the 500 industries of the Chinese manufacturing industry in Shandong are relatively concentrated in the upstream industries such as petrochemicals, ferrous metallurgy, chemical industry, nonferrous metals and so on. It can be restricted by the number of employees coming to work.

Two, the main difficulties and problems of the current resumption and resumption of production.

1. traffic and logistics are not smooth.

Poor traffic and logistics is the biggest obstacle for enterprises to resume work and resume production. Affected by the epidemic, traffic control has been continuously strengthened, and the scope of control has been expanding. Some provincial highways in the province have been closed, which has greatly increased the transportation cost, time cost, management cost and coordination cost of enterprises. The highway transportation and logistics system has not yet been restored. The time for examination and approval of entering and leaving the highway is relatively long. The logistics across provinces are severely restricted. The shipping companies, ship generation and storage yard are not well enough to return to work, and shipping is difficult to ship. Many countries have introduced entry control measures.

2. employees return to work hard.

Various measures such as isolation, traffic control, closure and other prevention and control measures have taken place, resulting in a large number of foreign workers unable to return to posts on time. After the return of the employees, the time required for segregation is not required. After the Spring Festival, all the people go to work for epidemic control and production safety pressure is very huge.

3. inadequate supplies for epidemic prevention

Disinfection materials such as disinfectants, protective clothing and thermometer guns are difficult to purchase. In particular, disposable medical masks and other government control materials, there are still some difficulties in seeking multi-party procurement channels. Many enterprises are unable to meet the requirements of re employment, and can only give priority to satisfying the needs of some subsidiaries.

4. industry chain upstream and downstream products delivery difficulties

With the promotion of enterprises' resumption of work and production, this problem will become more and more prominent in the coming period. The supplier's rework is uncertain, resulting in the failure of materials and parts to arrive on time, which seriously affects the preparation before restarting. The contradiction between supply and demand of raw materials is becoming increasingly prominent. Logistics is not smooth, resulting in difficulties in the delivery and sale of finished products, and the inventory of enterprises continues to increase.

5. capital chain pressure

During the downtime, personnel wages, interest rates of financial institutions, taxes and electricity charges need to be paid on time, and the amount of backlog of products backlog will be greatly reduced. Many enterprises will face greater pressure of repayment due to maturity. The financial system is generally delayed start up, and the relevant maturity business can not be renewed. The delay in the approval and renewal of related credit businesses may have a greater negative impact on the current liquidity of enterprises and the financing business in the next 2-3 months.

6. difficulties in order fulfillment and continuity.

The product contract can not be delivered on time; the project can not enter the plan as planned; the export business is affected; many enterprises have the risk of customer order transfer and the risk of foreign trade contract breach; especially, foreign trade can not deliver on time, and is facing the risk of claim. Some employees are unable to travel overseas. The original overseas customers have been blocked in China, and the progress of new projects has been reduced, which has a direct impact on the delivery and collection of overseas orders.

7. projects can not be promoted.

The projects that have been recorded for the record can not be completed and delivered according to schedule; the domestic expansion projects are suspended due to the epidemic situation; some enterprises have been postponed for the construction of key projects, which has seriously affected the further development of enterprises.

8. rising costs

The shortage of upstream enterprises leads to the rise of raw material prices, the increase in labor costs, the increase of labor costs, the inflow of funds and the increase of financial costs; the increase in the cost of epidemic prevention and isolation, and the average price of anti epidemic materials increased by about 5-10 times.

9. international trade is under impact.

As the largest manufacturing country in the world, the normal production level of enterprises is low, the upstream and downstream enterprises of the industrial chain are affected, and some countries may set trade restrictions, and international business communication activities are greatly restricted. If the epidemic continues for a long time, the risk of business losses such as customer churn, rejection of goods, transfer of orders and rising export costs will affect the whole world of Chinese enterprises. The layout of the industrial chain will lead to the transfer of the industrial chain from China, and the consequences will be hard to predict.

Three, policy recommendations for resuming work and resuming production.

In response to the impact of the epidemic on China's economic and social aspects, a series of policy documents have been launched from the central to local governments to help enterprises do a good job in coping with epidemic situation, reduce economic losses and support enterprises to resume work and resume production. The short-term impact of the epidemic on Chinese enterprises may be higher than that of the SARS period in 2003. It is hoped that after the effective control of the national epidemic prevention and control, the state will increase coordination and support for the resumption of production and production, and take more precise measures to help the manufacturing enterprises to achieve steady growth, excellent structure, quality improvement and efficiency increase.

1., strengthen the supply of basic raw materials and epidemic prevention materials, and ensure the economic operation from the source.

With the continuous production of enterprises, the demand for raw materials and auxiliary fuels will expand rapidly, and we must do everything possible to ensure the supply of upstream materials in the industrial chain.

It is suggested that, on the basis of good epidemic prevention and control, we should increase the production of upstream resources enterprises, and give priority to the transportation and logistics of bulk materials such as oil and coal.

We should set up a key enterprise to resume work and resume production channels, and include the necessary materials such as epidemic prevention materials, key raw materials, important production equipment and spare parts into the scope of emergency transportation support.

More emphasis should be placed on the prevention and control of epidemic diseases, so as to ensure the support of enterprises, especially for private enterprises that undertake important strategic material protection.

Large scale scientific research products can be allowed to be transferred through special trains or special planes to ensure priority in major scientific research projects.

Priority should be given to ensuring the needs of key projects such as land, energy and capital, so as to ensure that new projects will be put into operation as soon as possible.

2. establishment of inter provincial transport emergency coordination agency

The supply chain of the top 500 manufacturing enterprises is basically trans provincial. Many enterprises reflect that the gradual recovery of traffic in the province and the impediment of inter provincial transportation are the biggest obstacles to the normal operation of the industrial chain.

It is suggested that the inter provincial transport emergency coordination agency be established, and provincial coordination must be strengthened for the transportation of key materials supporting the industrial chain.

We should establish a green channel for production material supply chain, return materials to raw materials, production equipment, spare parts and other products, handle documents in time, ensure smooth transportation, increase the support of iron transportation for the return of workers and raw material transportation in the production enterprises. For some key enterprises entering the roads, ports and railway stations, we can carry out the material upside down under the premise of strengthening the epidemic prevention and control. Yun.

3. to provide full support for epidemic prevention.

With the promotion of the resumption of work and production, there is a big gap in the demand for masks for protective materials, especially for reemployment workers. It is suggested that local governments coordinate the relevant units according to the actual needs of production, so as to ensure the production and supply of epidemic prevention and control materials.

4., strengthen financial support and services.

At present, the problem of liquidity shortage is the most important solution.

It is suggested that the stock loan be extended for 6-12 months for those companies that are affected by the epidemic, but are temporarily trapped. They should coordinate financial institutions to reduce the financing interest rate 20-50BP, such as corporate loans, bills discounting and negotiation of letters of credit, and reduce rigid expenses such as financial expenses of enterprises.

We should establish green approval channels to improve the efficiency of extension, renewal and refinancing, and reduce the debt pressure of enterprises due debts.

For the existing investment projects of enterprises, simplify the approval process of project loan application, accelerate lending, and support enterprise project construction.

5., strengthen financial support.

We should appropriately reduce the value-added tax that affects the industries seriously affected by the epidemic and reduce the relevant income tax.

For tax declaration work, it is suggested that deferred declaration or payment be made, and a supplementary declaration should be consolidated once the epidemic control period is released, so as to reduce the pressure of enterprise funds.

The tax on land use tax and other taxes will be waiver, and the amount of investment in equipment will be subsidized.

It is suggested that the new loan of the company affected by the epidemic will be given financial discount on the basis of 50% of the people's Bank's reloan interest rate, and the discount period will not exceed 1 years. Opening up green approval channels for all taxes and fees.

6. increase support for international enterprises

In order to reduce the risk of export business and reduce the loss of foreign trade, it is suggested that credit support policies should be strengthened, customs departments and other departments will provide greater customs clearance assistance, and departments such as trade promotion departments will further simplify relevant procedures, and facilitate the enterprises to obtain documents such as force majeure certificates for the first time.

It is necessary to strengthen legal support for enterprises. In view of the possible foreign trade disputes or disputes caused by an enterprise's breach of contract, the business department should formulate a response plan ahead of time with the relevant organizations and agencies. We need to play the role of foreign-related commercial legal advisory service mechanism, strengthen legal services for foreign trade and investment in enterprises, and use legal weapons to help enterprises do well in risk prevention and response.

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