Reporter'S Observation On Agricultural Standardization From Mango Industry In Sanya

Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and sideline fishery have always been regarded as the most cautious field in the investment field. In order to realize the real upgrading and development of agriculture, in addition to the brand, standardized production has become the most important prerequisite.

Taking Sanya mango planting as an example, its history is very long, but mango picking is still a labor-intensive industry relying on picking workers.

In the orchards in Yazhou, Sanya, mango harvest season has begun at the end of March, and picking workers shuttling through the hillside are busy. Especially for the sales of fine high-end products, mango picking should be carried out in batches. According to the local fruit growers, in order to ensure the quality, sometimes the loss reaches nearly 50%.

Sanya fruit growers told the 21st century economic report that fruit growers' ideas for industrial upgrading need to be opened up slowly, and the transformation of the sales end will gradually promote the understanding of agricultural production standardization in the whole production end. On the other hand, the whole sales market also needs to be continuously cultivated to explore the consumption power of high-quality fruits. This requires the joint efforts of channels, markets and farmers.

Peng Qidun, President of Sanya mango Association, said that the first batch of mango growers, represented by our older generation, should be said that through mangoes, we solved the problem of food and clothing. Then came the second wave, from the late 1990s to around 2000, this wave of people made money through mango planting and could build buildings. Then the latest wave of mango farmers, who started to work after 2015 and 2016, have also begun to focus on the improvement of fruit quality, brand, and micro e-commerce marketing. Two generations of farmers are constantly colliding.

In fact, in order to promote the upgrading and development of agriculture, at the national level, "the first one kilometer" three projects have been started: in 2014, the state started the "express delivery to the countryside" project; in 2012, the Ministry of agriculture and rural areas set up a project for the initial processing of agricultural products after delivery; from 2020, the central government subsidized 5 billion yuan a year to build a cold chain logistics system for agricultural products - supporting local agricultural products Enter the cold chain as soon as possible and build cold chain facilities in the distribution center.

"The first one kilometer" in a narrow sense refers to the cold chain logistics of storage and preservation required for agricultural products going out of villages and into cities. In a broad sense, it can cover the entire rural circulation system, and can extend to the breeding, research and development and planting and breeding at the source.

Among them, the cold chain logistics of agricultural products storage and preservation is the most critical. It is an important part of modern agricultural products circulation system to realize that agricultural products are always in the supply chain system suitable for low temperature control environment in the links of postpartum storage, processing, distribution and transportation, which can effectively reduce the postpartum loss of agricultural products and maintain the quality of agricultural products for a long time.

The construction of cold chain logistics facilities for storage and preservation of agricultural products is a major traction project for the development of modern agriculture. It is of great significance to make up for the shortcomings of modern agricultural infrastructure, expand effective investment in agriculture, increase farmers' income, and promote the "double upgrading" of agricultural industry and agricultural product consumption.

From a macro point of view, China is dominated by small-scale peasant economy, and there is a gap between the production of thousands of households and the ever-changing market, which leads to the well-known scenes of unsalable, cheap grain harming farmers and high-yield but poor harvest.

Farmers rely on heaven to feed, production and marketing are not linked, not only because of poor information, but also the source of weak infrastructure. Therefore, it is particularly important to start from the "first kilometer" to make up for the short board.

In the production area, the short board is mainly reflected in the production and circulation links. In terms of circulation links, it is necessary to improve circulation efficiency, reduce circulation loss and reduce circulation cost.

The most important part of fresh-keeping of agricultural products is in the period after harvest. The precooling rate of agricultural products in the United States reaches 60% - 80%, while only 5% in China.

Zhu Ming, academician of the International Eurasian Academy of Sciences and former president of the planning and Design Institute of the Ministry of agriculture and rural areas, said that what consumers are tasting is not the best. For example, most Chilean cherries are sold to China. When Zhu Ming visited Chile, he found that in order to ensure the same quality of cherries, researchers in the country conducted a systematic study on the demand of Chinese market: when to pick, how to pretreat, what materials to pack, how long to transport by sea, when to put on the shelf

In contrast, the construction of cold chain logistics system of agricultural products in China is relatively backward. Some data show that the loss rate of circulation link reaches 20% - 30%, far higher than the level of 5% in developed countries.

Specifically, after picking agricultural products in the future, a series of operations, such as precooling, cleaning, grading, processing and packaging, should be carried out. Therefore, it is necessary to start with the commercialized processing facilities such as the production area centralized distribution center and cold storage, so as to promote the agricultural products to become standardized high value-added products in the field.

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