Harvest 1 Billion Tons Of New Reserves, Daqing Oilfield Looking For The Future In Shale

? ? ? ? The core of oilfield development is resource problem. Under the background of weak growth and low development efficiency of main oilfields in Daqing Oilfield, the exploration and discovery of Gulong shale oil has helped Daqing Oilfield find a new growth space.

After more than 60 years of development, Daqing, an old oil field, wants to continue to prove itself.

Discovery of new Daqing under Daqing

On August 25, Daqing Oilfield held a press conference in Daqing City, announcing the good news of the company's harvest of a billion tons of shale oil fields.

The 21st century economic reporter learned from the press conference that Daqing Oilfield has harvested many high-yield oil wells in Gulong shale oil area in the north of Songliao basin. In 2021, the oil-bearing area will be 1413 square kilometers, and the predicted geological reserves will be 1.268 billion tons, which will become an important strategic resource for Daqing Oilfield construction in the past century.

Daqing Oilfield is located in the central and western part of Heilongjiang Province and in the north of Songnen Plain. It was discovered in 1959, entered the stage of experimental development in 1960, and entered the stage of large-scale development in 1963.

Daqing Oilfield is the largest oil field in China and one of the few large continental sandstone oilfields in the world. It was the discovery and development of Daqing Oilfield in the 1960s that made China take off the title of "oil poor country".

Songliao Basin, where Daqing Oilfield is located, is a Mesozoic Cenozoic inland fault depression superimposed basin developed on the basis of Tianshan Inner Mongolia Xing'an geosynclinal fold system. It is also one of the most abundant continental sedimentary basins in the world.

Over the past 60 years of development and construction, Daqing Oilfield has produced more than 2 billion tons of crude oil and 100 billion cubic meters of natural gas, which has made great contributions to the security of national oil supply. In 2020, the total oil and gas production equivalent of Daqing Oilfield at home and abroad is still more than 43 million tons, and it is still one of the largest oil and gas production bases in China.

In recent years, Daqing Oilfield, like many old oilfields in China, is faced with the dilemma of insufficient Replacement Resources: the grade of newly increased proved oil reserves is obviously reduced, and it is more and more difficult for the main oil fields to stabilize production. The development work has also entered the "double extra high" stage of ultra-high water cut and ultra-high recovery degree. At the same time, the production and operation costs are increasing year by year, and the comprehensive decline rate is also increasing.

In order to solve the problem of insufficient resource reserves in old oilfields, domestic old oilfields have accelerated the development of oil and gas business in overseas market and domestic circulation of mineral rights blocks. However, it is an inevitable trend for oil fields with the same volume as Daqing Oilfield to shift from conventional exploration and development to unconventional oil and gas exploration and development based on Songliao basin.

Zhu Guowen, vice president of PetroChina and Secretary of the Party committee of Daqing Oilfield, told the 21st century economic reporter that after 62 years of efficient and high-speed exploration and development, conventional oil and gas resources in Daqing Oilfield have entered the middle and late stage of discovery, which is difficult to support long-term sustainable and stable production; The discovery of Gulong shale oil has realized the dream of several generations of Daqing people to "find Daqing under Daqing".

Zhu Guowen pointed out that the successful practice of Gulong shale oil marks that Songliao basin has entered an era of unconventional oil and gas development, and is an important material basis for long-term stable production of Daqing Oilfield.

Forty years of sharpening a sword

The concept of shale oil originally specifically refers to the oil extracted from shale containing organic matter by the way of artificial oil. Now it mostly refers to the oil related to shale series, which is equivalent to or mixed with tight oil in a broad sense.

In recent years, with the slow growth of onshore conventional oil and gas resources, global oil and gas resources exploration and development began to move towards unconventional areas and deep sea. The success of shale oil and gas industry in North America marks the beginning of shale oil and gas revolution.

Due to the risks and uncertainties in oil and gas exploration, the publication of the results of oil and gas exploration in China in recent years is also cautious. The discovery and development of Gulong shale oil has been nearly 40 years before the determination of 1.268 billion tons of new oil reserves.

Fractured shale oil reservoirs were discovered in the northern Songliao Basin in the 1980s. In 1981, Daqing Oilfield used conventional crude oil exploration concept and development technology to drill the first discovery well in the shale fractured reservoir in Gulong sag of Songliao Basin, and then several wells were drilled successively; By 1998, the preliminary exploration of shale oil horizontal well development has been started.

In 2011, Daqing Oilfield entered the stage of research and understanding of Gulong shale oil, and four development experimental zones realized scale development; By 2018, Gulong shale oil will enter the experimental breakthrough stage. At this stage, the exploration of shale oil and shale oil exploration concept, development technology and other aspects of Daqing Oilfield have been significantly enhanced.

In 2020, Daqing Oilfield will achieve a major breakthrough in the exploration of terrestrial shale oil: the well ping-1 of Gulong sag in the central depression of Songliao basin will obtain high-yield oil and gas flow, showing a broad prospect of continental shale oil resources in this area.

On June 20, this year, the predicted geological reserves of Gulong shale oil of 1.268 billion tons passed the examination of CNPC, realizing the first step of transforming resources into reserves.

According to Daqing Oilfield, the main body of Gulong shale oil is pure shale oil, which is different from other types of shale oil at home and abroad. There is no successful case of large-scale commercial development. Its resource endowment conditions and reservoir characteristics are special. In terms of oil properties and reservoir space characteristics, it has subverted the traditional concept and cognition of shale oil exploration and development.

At the beginning of discovery, the industry at home and abroad thought that gulong shale oil could not be effectively utilized. In recent years, the scientific research team of Daqing Oilfield has successively realized the innovation of oil field accumulation and development theory, as well as the innovation of characteristic drilling and completion and fracturing technology. The understanding and development of Gulong shale oil has entered a new stage.

Construction of shale demonstration area with net zero emission

Compared with the Daqing oil war 60 years ago, the "new war" launched by Daqing Oilfield today should embody the characteristics of scientific and technological innovation and green and low-carbon.

At present, Daqing Oilfield is actively promoting the construction of Daqing Gulong continental shale oil national demonstration area. It is estimated that by the 14th Five Year Plan period, the proven geological reserves of oil will be increased by 1 billion tons, and the annual output of shale oil will reach more than 1 million tons.

According to the current plan, Daqing Oilfield will drill 100 wells in Gulong shale oil in 2021. At present, 58 wells have been drilled, 27 wells have been tested, 25 wells have seen oil, and 17 wells have harvested industrial oil and gas flow.

Daqing Oilfield will promote the construction of shale oil national demonstration area, and adhere to the net zero emission first.

He Wenyuan, deputy general manager and chief geologist of Daqing Oilfield, pointed out that in the construction of Gulong shale oil national demonstration area, the company will build a first demonstration area of net zero emission, which will inject carbon dioxide into the formation, carry out the reuse and harmless treatment of fracturing flowback fluid, promote the electric drive replacement of drilling rig construction equipment, and integrate the use of new energy, wind and electricity, To achieve the goal of net zero emission in shale oil production.

The academicians and experts team related to Gulong shale oil believe that the exploration and development of Gulong shale oil has many demonstration and leading significance.

In science, Gulong shale oil has achieved a theoretical breakthrough from continental shale oil generation to continental shale oil production; In economic sense, Gulong shale oil will help Daqing Oilfield shake off the old oil field's imbalance of storage and production, and realize the growth of total oil and gas scale; In terms of industry, it will drive the leaping development of Daqing upstream and downstream integrated ethylene industry chain and value chain.

In terms of social significance, Daqing will also make use of the discovery of Gulong shale oil to become the leader in the transformation and upgrading of resource-based cities in China; In terms of demonstration and leading significance, the discovery of Gulong shale oil will promote the process of China's continental shale oil and gas revolution and affect the development of global shale oil and gas.

According to the reporter of 21st century economic report, well ping'an-1 in the Sichuan Chongqing exploration area of Daqing Oilfield has obtained high-yield oil and gas flow of more than 100 cubic meters of oil and 100000 cubic meters of gas in the shale test of the Jurassic Lianggaoshan formation, which is the specific practice and replication of Gulong shale oil viewpoint and method in terrestrial shale oil of Sichuan Basin.

Although the prospect is very good, we still need to face the problems of cost and technological innovation to realize the large-scale development of shale oil and gas.

The gulong shale oil research team of Daqing Oilfield pointed out that compared with the shale mainly deposited in marine facies or saline lake basin, Gulong shale has great differences in rock fabric, physical properties, oil-bearing property and shale oil fluidity. Mature geological theory and engineering technology in North America are difficult to be directly applied, facing the high investment cost of single well, low initial production rate, and high cost of investment in single well The ultimate recoverable reserves of a single well are lower than the threshold of economic production, and the main technology of scale benefit development has not yet formed.

Therefore, the realization of Gulong shale oil development theory and scientific and technological innovation has become the most urgent and urgent task.

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