Wen Lisheng: Small, Medium And Micro Enterprises In The Tide Of Clothing Power Construction And Digital Intelligent Transformation

Professor Wen Lisheng, Donghua University

China is a big manufacturing country. There are 48.42 million manufacturing enterprises in China, including 170000 garment manufacturing enterprises, accounting for 0.35%. No matter the national manufacturing industry or clothing manufacturing industry, more than 90% of them are small and medium-sized enterprises. In 170000 clothing manufacturing industries yes one .3 Ten thousand enterprises above the scale, accounting for nearly 8% 。 From the leading data of the clothing industry, The annual output of sewing equipment in China is 15.5 million sets (among them, there are 10 million industrial sewing machines, 500000 cutting and finishing equipment and 5 million household machines), The annual output of clothing is 71.2 billion pieces It is a well deserved clothing country.

The period from 1980s to 2021 is exactly the forty years of China's reform and opening up, In the past 40 years, China's clothing manufacturing industry has increased from 7700 to 170000, an increase of 21 times; The number of employees in garment manufacturing industry increased from 750000 To 8.26 million, a 10 fold increase. Such a huge garment manufacturing industry has been created through four development stages in the past 40 years: the first stage is the preliminary industrialization stage, which is from 1980 to 1995, that is, during the period of the sixth, seventh and eighth five year plan of the state, the main content is from traditional processing technology and equipment to modern processing technology and equipment; The second stage is to enter the stage of modern industrialization, from 1996 to 2005, which is the period of the ninth five year plan and the Tenth Five Year Plan period; The third stage is the stage of practicing modern industrialization, which is from 2006 to 2015, that is, during the period of the Eleventh Five Year Plan and the twelfth five year plan, the main content is to pay close attention to the deep integration and development of industrialization and industrialization; The fourth stage is the practice of digital transformation to intelligent manufacturing stage, from 2016 to 2025, that is, the 13th and 14th Five Year Plan period. The main content is to realize the digital intelligent development of clothing according to the "made in China 2025" plan. ?

Now it is often asked, since we are now a big clothing country, is it also a clothing power? We should look at this problem in this way. In the "outline of building a strong textile country" formulated by China Textile Industry Federation in 2012, it was pointed out that In 2020, China should become a powerful textile and clothing country. At the end of 2020, the Chinese Academy of Engineering organized academicians and experts to compare and analyze 26 manufacturing industries and powerful manufacturing countries in China, and concluded that five industries in China are at the advanced level in the world, among which the leading one is textile industry. This also means that our country The goal of textile power has been basically realized. Chen Dapeng, President of China Garment Association, said in his article "fashion power to build a powerful clothing country" in the special issue of textile and clothing for the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, In general, it has entered the ranks of the world's garment manufacturing powers In the face of a new period of development, China's clothing industry should take advantage of the situation to accelerate the pace of innovation, and strive to build a global fashion power with creativity, contribution and promotion by 2035. So I think At present, China's clothing industry has entered the ranks of powerful clothing countries, but it is not in the forefront of the world's clothing power.

Today can be called a clothing power must be the clothing science and technology power, digital intelligence power, brand power, talent power and sustainable development power. To be more specific, a powerful clothing country must be must Achieve eight leading positions: ① We should take the lead in high-level high-tech innovative clothing; ② To have advanced standards, high-quality clothing leading the world; ③ We should take low-carbon as the goal to create green clothing in the lead; ④ Leading the transformation of digital intelligence and creating intelligent garment factory; ⑤ With the digital empowerment of clothing varieties, clothing quality, clothing brand, to create a leading fashion clothing; ⑥ In the global collaborative development, we should have the leading Chinese characteristics clothing; ⑦ We should have a high-quality service system for global customers; ⑧ We should have the highest quality scientific and technological personnel in the world. In contrast to these conditions, Just say that the transformation of digital intelligence is leading, and creating intelligent clothing factory is leading this one, There is still a big gap among 170000 garment manufacturing industries in China, especially among the small and medium-sized enterprises which account for more than 90%.

The reason why the digital intelligent transformation of 13000 Enterprises above the scale in China is better is that there are good demonstration enterprises as examples, which can be referenced and copied. For example, in 2018, McKinsey and the World Economic Forum (WEF) launched the global "lighthouse factory" project to look for a model of digital transformation in the manufacturing industry and lead the digital transformation of the manufacturing industry. In the past three years, 90 factories from various countries and different industries in the world were selected as "lighthouse factories", while 31 factories were exclusively owned by China, One of the clothing industry is Alibaba rhinoceros factory. In 2022, there are 114 "lighthouse factories" in the world, including 42 in China. Rhino digital intelligent chemical plant has become a world-class demonstration factory From a technical point of view The whole business of clothing enterprises is based on the cloud, and the application software of clothing industry is rewritten. In order to be the digital demonstrator of the industry, they build their own business Internet service platform, which can not only play a demonstration role, but also realize the real-time response of enterprises to end-to-end business system services.

China's Ministry of industry and information technology has also selected a number of digital intelligent enterprises that can serve domestic enterprises Demonstration enterprises, They have: Shandong red collar group's personalized mass customization, demonstration of automatic data flow; Shandong Dishang group's network collaborative manufacturing demonstration; The advanced personality of the happy bird in Zhejiang set System demonstration; Shandong Nanshan textile clothing company's discrete intelligent manufacturing demonstration; Fujian Qipai group's personalized customization, lean production demonstration, etc. It can be seen from the above that the digital intelligent transformation of the demonstration enterprises selected by the Ministry of industry and information technology involves all aspects of manufacturing enterprises. In view of the characteristics of each enterprise, its digital intelligent transformation can have a variety of modes according to its enterprise operation mechanism The transformation of R & D mode, manufacturing mode, operation mode, service mode, decision-making mode and business model is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 digital intelligent transformation mode

Judging from the above, For Enterprises above Designated Size, with their demonstration enterprises and their different mode transformation requirements, it can be referenced and copied, and the digital intelligent transformation should not have problems. But how to transform the small, medium and micro enterprises that account for 90% of the total? Some people say that the construction of clothing power is closely related to them, If small and medium-sized and micro enterprises are strong, enterprises above Designated Size will be strong, industries will be strong, and the country will be strong, Therefore, we should attach great importance to the digital and intelligent transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises.

Due to the lack of digital intelligent transformation, China's small and medium-sized garment enterprises are facing many challenges ① Lack of Lack of effective management tools, process confusion, low efficiency, easy to make mistakes ； ② Maladjustment The high requirements of customized orders can not meet the requirements of multiple varieties, small batch and fast renovation ； ③ The management and control of flour and auxiliary materials is not strict, and the material control management is difficult ， Unable to know the real-time allocation of materials. When cutting, I don't know whether the length and range of the fabric match the mark frame; ④ Lack of funds for digital automation transformation ； ⑤ Lack of technical personnel, Digital transformation is not well understood; wait.

In July 2022, the all China Federation of industry and commerce, the national development and Reform Commission, the China Industrial Internet Research Institute, the China Institute of information and communications, and the Central University of Finance and economics jointly released the 2022 Research Report on the digital transformation of Chinese private enterprises. The report classified the transformation of enterprises into 38% with no transformation plan, 39% with preliminary exploration and 16% with gradual implementation In the overall optimization stage, 5% of the enterprises and 2% of the mature application enterprises. Most of the small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises are between the initial exploration and the gradual implementation of enterprise transformation. That is to say, the digital transformation of China's small and medium-sized manufacturing industry is very poor and low. Why is it so low? The main reason is that the proportion of investment in small and medium-sized manufacturing industry is too small. The investment in digital transformation of large and medium-sized enterprises only accounts for 0.27% of sales revenue, which is far lower than that in developed countries, See Figure 2.

Figure 2 proportion of investment in digital transformation of enterprises

In September 2022, the Ministry of industry and information technology issued the Interim Measures for promoting the development of characteristic industrial clusters of small and medium-sized enterprises, pointing out that small and medium-sized enterprises are an important force to promote innovation, promote employment and improve people's livelihood. The industrial cluster of small and medium-sized enterprises located in the county is to promote the high quality of small and medium-sized enterprises The important organizational form and carrier of quantitative development is an important part of regional economy. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 600 demonstration areas, county characteristic industrial clusters and characteristic towns cultivated and recognized by various regions, which play an increasingly important role in promoting regional economic development. There are more than 60 clusters in China's clothing industry ， For example, Huludao swimsuit, Guangdong Panyu jeans, Zhejiang Pinghu jeans, Zhili children's wear, Tongxiang sweater, Jiangsu Shengze silk and other industrial clusters, each cluster has hundreds of small and medium-sized garment enterprises, etc. For the digital transformation of the cluster manufacturing industry, we should follow the spirit of the notice recently issued by the Ministry of industry and information technology and the Ministry of Finance on August 15, 2022, and deploy the pilot work of financial support for the digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises. According to the circular, from 2022 to 2025, the central government plans to support local governments to carry out digital transformation pilot projects for small and medium-sized enterprises in three batches, improve the ability of digital public service platforms to serve small and medium-sized enterprises, and create a number of small, rapid, lightweight and accurate (hereinafter referred to as "Small fast, light accurate" ）Digital system solutions and products, forming A number of typical models of digital transformation that can be replicated and promoted ， Around 100 subdivided industries, it supports about 300 public service platforms, Build 4000-6000 "small lighthouse" enterprises as digital transformation samples, and drive the majority of small and medium-sized enterprises to "look at the sample and learn from the sample", Speed up the pace of digital transformation and promote the new development of specialization and specialty.

China Textile Industry Federation has also formulated the "three year action plan for digital transformation of textile industry" (2022-2024), which points out: ① by 2024, the digital level of key areas and key links will be greatly improved, the networking rate of digital production equipment will reach 50%, the popularization rate of industrial cloud platform will reach 55%, and the popularization rate of ERP application will reach 68%, The popularization rate of MES application reached 28%. Accelerate the construction of industrial Internet service platform in the industrial cluster area and the application of regional small and medium-sized enterprises. ② Small and medium-sized enterprises are encouraged to accelerate the application of online marketing, production management and control, online design and capacity sharing from the aspects of urgent demand for digital transformation, so as to extend and expand from point to point and whole business process. Encourage the development of low-cost, lightweight, platform-based, fast-acting digital solutions suitable for the needs of small and medium-sized enterprises. Actively promote small and medium-sized enterprises to go to the cloud and platform, reduce technical and financial barriers, and accelerate the digital transformation of enterprises. ③ To build an incubation platform, we should give full play to the advantages of large leading enterprises in R & D, innovation, management, market, supply chain, and professional services, so that small and medium-sized enterprises related to the industrial chain and with innovative ability can share these high-quality resources on the platform, and support more small and medium-sized enterprises to develop in the direction of specialization, refinement, characteristics and novelty.

In addition to the industrial cluster in China In addition to the small and medium-sized enterprises in the cluster, there are more small and medium-sized clothing enterprises in a larger area How do some enterprises transform to digital intelligence, I think only the following three methods are effective: 1) renting and using industrial Internet service platforms with good integrity, such as China The platform of clothing science and Technology Innovation Research Institute Haier's cosmoplant platform, Ali rhinoceros factory platform, Unicom Corps platform, etc; ② It is recommended to use low-cost digital intelligent manufacturing technology, such as using single machine automation and unit machine automation more, replacing the expensive processing module of "robot + intelligent sewing equipment" with "human + intelligent sewing equipment"; ③ We should guide and encourage small and medium-sized enterprises to cooperate with industry, University and research institutes.

The purpose of digital intelligent transformation is to realize intelligent manufacturing in manufacturing industry, and intelligent manufacturing factory is to realize digital transformation type On the basis of. On June 24, 2022, the world Intelligent Manufacturing Conference officially opened in Tianjin. Chinese academician Zhou Ji delivered a speech as an expert representative. He said that the next 15 years will be the key period for the development of intelligent manufacturing as the core technology of a new round of industrial revolution. Through the efforts of the next 15 years, we will be able to deepen the realization of Intelligent Manufacturing in 2035, as shown in Figure 3.

Fig. 3 15 years' practice of intelligent manufacturing

In the future, we should take intelligent manufacturing as the main direction of attack, take the "deep integration of industrialization and industrialization" as the main line, take "artificial intelligence + manufacturing" as the breakthrough, take "industrial Internet + manufacturing" as the commanding point, take "5g + manufacturing" as the enabling, and "network information security" as the guarantee to realize the strategy of strengthening the country, Our clothing intelligent manufacturing can stand in the forefront of the world clothing power.