Grasp The Key Points Of Risk And Solve The Thirst For Financing Of Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises.

Banks are reluctant to lend money and Guarantee Corporation is sorry. This summer, "financing difficulty" has become the most troublesome problem for SMEs.

The continued rising operating costs and tighter monetary policy, the days of small and medium-sized enterprises, especially export enterprises, are not good.

The reason is that "risk" is the key word in two words. To solve the financing problem of SMEs, we must start with this keyword.

In July 10th, the Fujian Provincial Department of Finance and the economic and Trade Commission jointly issued the implementation measures for the risk compensation special fund management of small and medium enterprises credit guarantee institutions of Fujian province (hereinafter referred to as "measures"). The special funds for risk compensation of small and medium-sized enterprises credit guarantee institutions will be arranged, and the risk of guarantee institutions can be provided to Fujian small and medium-sized industrial enterprises and small and medium-sized trade enterprises to provide the bank loan financing guarantee.

Can this "risk reduction" measure solve the thirst for SME financing?

    “風險”二字惹人愁思

This summer, it seems that the weather is not as hot as it used to be, but for Jingyu, it is extremely difficult.

Since 2008, the adverse factors such as RMB appreciation, tight monetary policy and rising operating costs have always been associated with him. He founded a shoe processing enterprise that only lasted two years.

As a founder and general manager, Jingyu said he was already in a panic.

To overcome the difficulties ahead, it is the first step to solve the financial problems.

"For this reason, I have found quite a few banks.

To tell you the truth, every time I enter a clear and bright bank hall, I feel a little nervous. This place is not like a small business owner like me.

Jing Yu told reporters that although the state has issued a lot of policies to encourage banks to increase lending to SMEs, the threshold of bank lending has not dropped much during the actual application of loans by enterprises.

"At first, I would like to use the workshop as collateral, but the bank said that the lease of the land built plant can not be used as collateral. If the machinery is used as collateral, the machinery of the new enterprise will not be accepted.

After all, I can always borrow money from my own house.

As a result, Jingyu brought together real estate documents and other documents, and came to a commercial bank in Quanzhou.

"85 years of house, an area of 120 square meters, originally thought to borrow 2. 3 million no problem, but the bank said that the age of more than 10 years of the basic does not consider."

Bank customer manager suggests Jingyu, if there is no collateral available, you can try a secured loan, "just look for a Guarantee Corporation willing to provide security."

In the introduction of business partners, Jingyu contacted a Guarantee Corporation.

The subsequent progress is fairly smooth. Although the Guarantee corporation also calls for a hypothecation guarantee, the buildings and machinery and equipment built on the land can be mortgaged and Jingyu is filled with joy.

However, the problem quickly appeared.

According to the valuation of the plant and equipment, the Guarantee corporation can only provide a loan of 100 thousand yuan, even if the mortgage is added to the house, the guarantee amount is also far from the demand amount of Jing Yu.

"All the families are there, and they must not be so low."

Jingyu is very helpless. Before the bank has to pledge everything, Guarantee corporation now has low requirements on pledge, but the amount is low.

According to Jingyu enterprise's operation, Guarantee Corporation has only given 25 thousand yuan credit guarantee amount, which is still a drop in the bucket for Jing Yu's enterprises.

The other side told Jing Yu, "we are living in the risk, and in the bank we have deposited in the 1:2 deposit, deposit 1 million to 2 million, most of the funds therefore" hang up ", no longer afford any risk.

Negotiations with Guarantee corporation are still ongoing. Jingyu hopes that the other side will raise the loan quota to solve the urgent need, while Guarantee Corporation is not able to help because of "risk".

In fact, similar situations happen every day in different enterprises.

Ye Baozhu, associate professor of Finance Department of Xiamen University, told reporters that the amplification factor of credit guarantee amount is a symbol of financing ability of guarantee institutions. Generally speaking, the amount of credit guarantee can reach 5-10 times of registered capital.

At present, the credit magnification of guarantee institutions in Fujian is only about 2 times. Most of the assets of the "quality" banks are faced with small and medium-sized businesses with relatively high risk coefficient, and the guarantee institutions will naturally have some choices.

Take Quanzhou as an example, according to the staff of Quanzhou Local Taxation Bureau's sub Bureau, there are nearly 20 Guarantee corporation registered in Quanzhou, but only two or three are involved in SME credit guarantee business.

    無償補助降低風險

In the face of small and medium-sized businesses, how to reduce risks is a problem that Chen Wenshan, general manager of Fuzhou Zhonglian Company limited by guarantee, has been thinking about.

"My feeling is that the bank came to see me. It was nothing more than the 100 million yuan capital deposit of China Unicom, though they never knew it."

Chen Wenshan told reporters that in recent years, Fujian has made a lot of efforts in expanding the capital of the guarantee institutions. At present, there are more than 130 guarantee institutions in Fujian Province, with a balance of about 5000000000 yuan.

"But there is a big misunderstanding."

Chen Wenshan is right to say that the capital of the guarantee institutions is important, but merely emphasizing the number of them will only cause the banks to pay more attention to the Guarantee Corporation's registered capital and ignore their risk management ability.

"It's like a F1 driver with the best car race, and it doesn't always win the championship. The key lies in the Guarantee Corporation's risk management capability."

In Chen Wenshan's view, since banks are unwilling to shoulder the risk of SMEs' business, they will be borne by Guarantee Corporation, provided that Guarantee Corporation has enough risk management capabilities.

The introduction of the measures clearly embodies this idea.

According to the relevant personages of the Fujian provincial finance department, the risk compensation special funds of small and medium enterprises credit guarantee institutions will, according to the scale of the special funds for risk compensation, arrange for the guarantee institutions to provide loans for banks for small and medium-sized industrial enterprises to guarantee the proportion of 8% of the annual guarantee. According to the special audit, the guarantee institutions that provide bank loan financing guarantee for small and medium sized trade enterprises will be compensated by 5% of the annual guarantee amount.

The total annual financing guarantee liability of the same enterprise exceeds 15% of the registered capital, and the risk compensation fund is calculated according to the ratio of 15% of the registered capital; and the risk compensation fund is calculated according to the 8 million yuan of single financing guarantee amount exceeding 8 million yuan.

At the same time, the "method" also gives the maximum amount of compensation, that is, the maximum amount of compensation for a single guarantee agency with an independent legal entity is not more than 1 million 500 thousand yuan per year.

In fact, the practice of financial compensation for guarantee institutions is not uncommon in China. Earlier, Xiamen set up a subsidy fund for SME loan guarantee services. Through the sharing of loan risks, subsidies from guarantee institutions and credit guarantee services, a set of risk sharing, compensation and incentive mechanisms for small and medium enterprises loans was set up to make up for Xiamen's guarantee institutions.

Ye Baozhu said, from the practical effect, such a measure is more successful.

According to statistics, at present, about 47% of SMEs in Fujian province are financing through private lending, 45% through bank or credit union loans, the rest are financial subsidies, and private lending has a high interest rate, while the bank loan threshold is not low. "You can imagine that once the guarantee agencies lower the threshold and expand business volume, these SMEs will naturally seek financing from the guarantee agencies."

Ye Baozhu believes that due to the limitation of funds and credit lines, the guarantee agencies generally focus on the business of SMEs, but the number of small and medium-sized enterprises in Fujian is huge. With the increasingly tight business environment, the demand for funds is unprecedented. The existing guarantee institutions can not meet the financing needs of enterprises.

Therefore, the introduction of the measures is just the right time.

According to the above figures of Fujian provincial finance department, the declaration of risk subsidy project has begun this year.

SMEs are being treated as "money".

The introduction of the measures not only reduces the risks that the guarantee institutions may face, but also brings more benefits to them.

"We should know that at present, the guarantee fee charged by the Guarantee Corporation for financing guarantee is generally less than 5% of the guarantee amount. If the method is implemented, if the project is declared successful, it means that we will get more than two times of the original guarantee once every successful guarantee has been made.

Even if the guarantee fails, the losses will be compensated. "

Chen Wenshan told reporters.

As a matter of fact, due to the higher guarantee threshold and strict guarantee procedures, the bad debt rate of each Guarantee Corporation is very low, "almost to zero". With special funds, guarantee agencies will undoubtedly accelerate the development of SME business and appropriately reduce the guarantee threshold, so as to benefit more SMEs.

Take a Guarantee corporation with a registered capital of 50 million yuan as an example. According to the turnover of funds for 1 years in 1 times, the guarantee amount it can provide is about 100 million yuan a year. With the standard of 5% of the guarantee fee, the annual revenue of the Guarantee Corporation is 5 million yuan, and the risk compensation can reach the highest 1 million 500 thousand yuan.

Ye Baozhu predicted that "as a result of a substantial increase in yields, there may even be a guarantee agency chasing small and medium-sized enterprises" phenomenon.

In fact, less than a month after the policy came out, such signs have already appeared.

During the interview, Mr. Xu, a business leader of HENGFA Company limited by guarantee in Quanzhou, told reporters that in the first half of this year, the SME financing guarantee business was only more than 20, and the guarantee amount was less than 18 million yuan.

After the introduction of the measures, the company responded at the first time, and in less than 20 days, it secured a financing guarantee for more than 10 small and medium-sized enterprises with a guarantee amount of more than 5 million yuan.

"I think the following businesses will pay more attention to this business. Our company will continue to expand some new customers on the basis of stabilizing the old customers."

"For secured enterprises, small and medium-sized businesses have huge market development space," Ye Baozhu said. In Fujian Province, family enterprises still account for a large proportion. Many small and medium-sized enterprises have a series of connections, and the composition of shares is complex.

Therefore, if it is not elsewhere, "small businesses" will not resort to complex private lending.

Because loans through Guarantee corporation can not only reduce the loan cost of SMEs, but also regulate the lending market. Enterprises and guarantee institutions can benefit from it.

Ye Baozhu said that the introduction of the "measures" on the one hand reduced the operational risk of the guarantee institutions. While improving the risk management ability, the guarantee institutions will continue to dig deep into the business of SMEs. On the other hand, through its own development and expansion, attracting more private capital to enter, the Fujian guarantee industry will go to the road of joint development and solve the financing problems for more small and medium-sized enterprises.