Risk Identification And Avoidance Of Fixed Assets Audit

Fixed assets are labor data with high value, long service life and physical form in use, such as houses, buildings, machinery and equipment, conveyors, etc.

Due to the large number of fixed assets in industrial enterprises and the occupation of more funds, the probability of producing errors and defects is relatively high and has high audit risk.

The risk of fixed assets audit is fixed assets audit risk, which means that there are serious misstatements, omissions, false reports or concealment reports of the fixed assets. Because the certified public accountants who are responsible for auditing fail to find the wrong audit opinions, they fail to audit.

To identify risks in fixed assets audit, we must understand the mistakes and signs of fixed assets and risks.

Generally speaking, the performance of fixed assets is mainly reflected in the following six aspects: the pfer of assets, pfer of assets, and the fact that there is no real fault. Some companies use fixed assets such as cars to lend to stakeholders. Some fixed assets such as computers are allocated to employees as prizes, but they are still listed as fixed assets and depreciation.

The disadvantages and disadvantages of such assets include: the malpractice of assets valuation, the value of new fixed assets or the value of new fixed assets, the fixed assets valuation range, the disadvantages of certain assets, the value of other assets listed in fixed assets, and the value of fixed assets listed in current assets. The value of fixed assets is changed arbitrarily, and the value of fixed assets is not carried forward in time.

The disadvantages and disadvantages of the assets decrease is that the disposal of fixed assets is not true, the price is incorrect, some enterprises deal with the low price, make some people benefit from it, account processing is not in time, assets are processed without accounting treatment, depreciation is made, assets are donated to others, or the income of fixed assets is not accounted for.

The calculation of depreciation of assets and depreciation of fixed assets does not conform to the stipulations. There is no uniform provision between depreciation methods and depreciation years, resulting in arbitrary calculation. The value of revaluation is not deducted in the calculation of depreciation, accounting is not handled correctly, and the tax law is not adjusted at the end of the term.

There are some disadvantages in the preparation of depreciation allowance. Some enterprises adjust their profits with fixed assets impairment.

Some fixed assets depreciation reserves have been prepared, but the depreciation is still calculated at the original value, and the depreciation allowance is still not adjusted after the value reduction is resumed, resulting in the depreciation of the fixed assets unmatched with the original value.

The subsequent expenditure of fixed assets will not be treated according to the regulations. Some of the expenses will be listed as assets or assets, some will be listed as assets, which will reduce the cost of the current period, thereby inflating or reducing the profits of the enterprises. The subsequent expenditure will not be processed according to the provisions, and the boundaries between capital expenditures and income expenditures will be confused.

In the case of a sharp rise in the fixed assets relative to the total assets and a sharp decrease in maintenance costs, the fixed assets will be converted into cost expenditures when the total assets of fixed assets increase. When depreciation of fixed assets increases, depreciation will be reduced, and profits will be increased in full. The sudden change in depreciation methods may lead to more or less depreciation; inappropriate years of service life, too long or too short depreciation period of fixed assets may be used to regulate profits; fixed assets will substantially increase or substantially reduce, which may make use of asset reorganization to provide convenience for related enterprises to adjust profits; there is a sharp mismatch between the increase and decrease of fixed assets and the increase or decrease of output. Main signs of audit risk of fixed assets

There may be the existence of off balance sheet assets, the significant reduction in daily maintenance costs, and the possibility of capitalization of maintenance costs, repair costs and interest rates. The depreciation costs will suddenly increase substantially, and the scope of depreciation will be increased. The depreciation assets should not be depreciated or depreciated, or the depreciation of the land use rights will be depreciated according to the useful life of the housing. Fixed assets will adjust the value of fixed assets, such as the fixed assets value and life expectancy of fixed assets and the expected realization methods of the economic benefits and the original changes, but the useful life or depreciation rate is not changed. It is possible to use depreciation to regulate profits.

It is also difficult to say clearly that the inventory is difficult, the assets of the assets are difficult to distinguish clearly, the assets are difficult to distinguish clearly, the assets are difficult to verify, the accounting records are not perfect, the responsibility for keeping accounts is not clear, the personnel pfer is large, the pfer procedures are not clear, and the book assets are difficult to implement; some of the machinery and equipment have been used for technical pformation, or have been replaced with other units, some have been disassembled into parts for maintenance and use, and some kinds of sophisticated electronic instruments or imported equipment are of high technical performance and great value; auditors do not understand the technical performance of the equipment and the current market prices, and the accuracy of the impairment allowance is difficult to verify; the useful life of fixed assets is determined by the enterprise itself, but it is determined by the enterprise itself, but it is difficult to determine whether it is reasonable or not. The difficulties of fixed assets audit include the following aspects: fixed assets, wide distribution of fixed assets, long service life, some books but not real ones.

規避審計風險措施 做好調查、擬好計劃　對于固定資產的調查需要涵蓋以下內容：固定資產使用保管制度是否健全，責任是否明確，是否實行分級管理，還是只有會計有記錄；年末固定資產是否進行清查，有無清查明細表，責任者是否簽字，資產存放地點是否清楚，保管人是否明確；固定資產折舊制度，即各類固定資產的使用年限、凈殘值率、年折舊率等是否合理，采用分類計提折舊還是按項目計提，采用使用年限法還是加速折舊法；固定資產減值準備計提的規定、計提的依據是否正確，是否按類別、資產組、單項計提，固定資產減值準備計提后，其折舊年限及折舊率是否重新估計計算；固定資產報廢清理制度是否健全，年終有無盤盈或盤虧，如何處理的；近幾年是否報廢固定資產，手續是否健全，是否經權力部門批準，殘值的收入處理是否正確；

The power of the board of directors is about whether the resolution documents such as depreciation of fixed assets, depreciation allowance, depreciation policy change and so on.

On the basis of doing a good job of the above investigation, we will set up key projects according to the audit procedures and draw up plans.

The key projects should include four aspects: the measurement and determination of the value of fixed assets entry value; whether the measurement and confirmation of value loss in the course of use are reasonable; whether the basis and confirmation of the provision for impairment of fixed assets are adequate; and whether the classification and confirmation of subsequent expenditures of fixed assets are clear.

At the same time, we should make clear the executors, working hours and progress in the plan, so as to ensure the completion of the plan.

遵循審計程序、注重收集證據　固定資產的審計程序如下： 到現場進行抽查，核實固定資產的現狀，做好抽查記錄； 檢查產權證是否完善，如房產證、車輛運營證明、船籍證明，驗證其是否歸規被審計單位所有； 核對新增固定資產價值的計算是否正確，包括購置入賬、投資投入、重組調入、基建轉入、融資租入等； 檢查本期減少數，包括報廢處置、固定資產轉讓、對外投資、債務重組、毀損盤虧，以及有無丟失等； 檢查固定資產折舊及其政策，有無批準文件，計算是否正確，計提政策有無變更，變更的依據是否充分合理，是否在會計報表上進行了充分披露； 固定資產減值準備計提的依據、計提方法及批準文件是否合規，計提是否充足，計算是否正確，披露是否充分。

We should pay attention to the collection of evidence in the process of audit.

In the working papers, we need to add detailed records. We must write out what has been sampled and check the proportion. We should keep a clear record of what happened in the spot checks and how to solve them.

The persons who have taken part in spot checks by the audited units shall also sign the spot checks.

Generally speaking, the key areas include: the calculation of the value of fixed assets when the fixed assets increase; if the fixed assets are reduced, we should pay attention to the disposal of the fixed assets that are scrapped, whether there is any change in the depreciation of fixed assets, whether they are consistent before and after; whether the value of the fixed assets depreciation reserves is prepared or returned, whether the valuation has added value, how the depreciation of the value-added part is handled, whether the calculation is correct, whether the tax adjustment is correct or not.

The main points of handling accounts and dealing with accounting errors are the following: accounting for depreciation and depreciation, accounting for subsequent depreciation, value added to external investment and accounting treatment of impairment, as well as assessment of whether the year-end tax adjustment is correct or not.

We must conscientiously and conscientiously review the work of reviewing the work papers and rechecking the work papers.

Review should be carried out in time, especially those on site review. After reviewing, it is found that there are imperfections, which can be promptly identified and remedied.

If we find out the problems and find out the problems in the process of checking properly, we should complete the collection of relevant information and evidence, such as the causes, nature, the person in charge, the approver, the time, the place, and how to handle the accounts.

We must distinguish the boundaries between errors and malpractices, and we can not confuse these two problems of different nature.

Objective and fair audit conclusion should be made to prevent audit risks.