"Labor Shortage" To Guide Shoe Enterprises To Improve Employment Environment

　　 Since the second half of 2009, after the test of the financial crisis, in Quanzhou, where production-oriented enterprises are relatively concentrated, enterprises have ushered in new opportunities. In the face of increasing orders, many enterprises have changed the previous practice of starting work on the 15th day of the first month of the first month, and the starting time has been advanced to the eighth day of the first month of the first month. However, the reality of shortage of workers makes it seem that enterprises are more than capable to start work.

Quanzhou is a key area of labor import in China. There are nearly 130000 private enterprises in Quanzhou, attracting 1.7 million migrant workers every year.

It is understood that this year Quanzhou enterprises are expected to have more than 160000 workers. Most of the industries with the most serious shortage of jobs are labor-intensive enterprises, mainly including shoe-making, textile and clothing, electronics, machinery manufacturing, stone, plumbing, resin, bags, ceramic technology, food and beverage, etc. the types of work are skilled workers, ordinary workers, front-line operators and apprentices. Among these enterprises, small and medium-sized enterprises are the most serious, accounting for more than 70% of the total.

Taking Nan'an City as an example, the investigation by relevant departments shows that there are more than 25000 workers in 118 enterprises in the city. Among the 28 enterprises in shoes and clothing, umbrella industry and bag industry, 15000 people are short of work. There are 185 labor-intensive enterprises in Fengze District, which are also labor-intensive, with 12000 workers lacking. They are concentrated in bag, clothing, resin and other labor-intensive enterprises. In Shishi and Jinjiang, two county-level cities dominated by textile, garment and shoe industries, general workers are most in short supply, and the shortage rate of general enterprises exceeds 15%. Because of the lack of manpower, some labor-intensive enterprises can not even start work.

　 It is difficult for large enterprises to enter and small enterprises to recruit workers

Since the eighth day of the first month, the relevant departments of Quanzhou have successively held a number of talent fairs. Hundreds of enterprises and tens of thousands of people have made the recruitment site unprecedented. At the scene of many job fairs and in-depth interviews with enterprises, the reporter found that on one hand, the factory was worried about not finding workers, while on the other hand, workers were worried about finding an ideal enterprise. Why is this strange phenomenon that both ends are hot and two ends are cold?

Quanzhou, known as the capital of brands, has 51 well-known trademarks, 47 Chinese famous brand products and 28 listed enterprises. Among them, clothing, sports shoes, water heating and ceramic products have an absolute advantage in the domestic market. These brand enterprises need a large proportion of workers, but they are hardly affected by the "labor shortage". In addition to the new production line needs a large number of workers, there will be a short-term shortage, the rest of the time there is no need to worry about recruitment.

As soon as the economy picks up, the phenomenon of job shortage becomes more obvious. The reporter found that the local large-scale enterprises, due to stable orders and good treatment, have basically no shortage of jobs. For example, "Anta", "Heng'an", "seven wolves", "peak" and other brand listed enterprises, the post rate after the Spring Festival is generally more than 95%, as long as a small supplement can be full. Industry insiders analysis: recruitment difficult, in fact, is a game between large and small factories. Many workers choose large enterprises, and the most important point is their trust in large enterprises. In these large enterprises, the rights and interests of workers can be relatively protected, and some small enterprises even default on the wages of workers.

The wages of large enterprises are much higher than those of small factories. Workers have a fixed base salary, overtime pay for overtime work, sunstroke prevention and cooling in summer, and red envelopes for festivals and holidays. With good welfare, there will be no arrears and deduction of wages. Generally, the monthly salary of skilled workers will exceed 2000 yuan, and the important posts can get 3000-5000 yuan. Large enterprises also provide medical and social insurance for workers. Workers' dormitories are equipped with air conditioning, telephones, television sets, water heaters and other necessities of life. For couples who work in factories together, there are also couple rooms. Therefore, many workers in small factories will find ways to jump to large enterprises after they are skilled in business. In this way, large enterprises do not have to worry about recruitment. Small factories are different. It is difficult to provide the same treatment as large enterprises, and it is relatively difficult to recruit workers. It is also these small and medium-sized enterprises that lack jobs more commonly.

Liu Qingjian, deputy general manager of Fujian Zhongyu building materials group in charge of personnel work, is deeply touched by the great changes in recruitment in recent years. In the past, people were recruited everywhere, regardless of age, as long as they could get on the production line. As a result, the quality of personnel was uneven and the work efficiency was not high.

In recent years, almost all the workers who applied for jobs in the factory were skilled workers. As soon as they got to work, many front-line workers would be brought up for management after assessment, thus doubling their wages and salaries. Later, it was learned that these front-line workers were all from some small factories. Many workers who can't get into the enterprise for a while will tell the villagers or workers they know inside, and try to get the first job when these large enterprises want new workers. Large enterprises have become the first choice for workers to find jobs. Only after the large enterprises are fully recruited, will the workers put their target to small and medium-sized enterprises.

Mr. Lin, who is engaged in garment processing in Donghai industrial zone of Quanzhou City, confirms the above statement. The real main body of the "shortage of migrant workers" is small enterprises. They are accustomed to the shortage of workers. They often go to job fairs to recruit people, but they are basically disappointed. He told reporters that there are many reasons why it is difficult for small enterprises to recruit workers. First, the conditions are poor. The processing plants can not provide high-quality employment environment like large enterprises, so they can only survive to a large extent. Second, there is a certain shortage of funds. Relying on processing for large enterprises, there is no guarantee on the settlement time and fund withdrawal, so the wages of workers will be in arrears. Third, there is no guarantee for order processing. Because it depends on large enterprises, you can't be busy when you have business. When there is no business, workers sit and wait. In this way, wages can't keep up. When there is a living, the salary is OK, which can reach 1000 yuan or 2000 yuan, but not when there is no business. It is these reasons that lead to workers' job hopping too frequently, and it is small and medium-sized enterprises that are affected.

　 "Labor shortage" helps enterprises to improve employment environment

The long-term accumulated lack of employment integrity is the hard injury of SMEs. A considerable part of the enterprises in Quanzhou are labor-intensive small and medium-sized enterprises, which rely on processing orders to survive, with low profit margin and low wage level, which is not attractive to job seekers. The survival conditions of these enterprises are relatively special. In order to maximize profits, they often ignore the rights of workers, work long hours, sometimes deduct workers' wages, and there is no social security. Recruitment is more difficult for these enterprises with poor production and living conditions, long overtime hours, untimely payment of wages and low treatment of employees.

During the interview, it was found that the employment environment in Quanzhou has been changing. From the past, enterprises selected workers and quietly changed to workers choosing enterprises. When a worker comes to a city, he is not in a hurry to find a job, but to see which enterprise has good treatment and good employment environment. Migrant workers with children should also consider whether the location of the enterprise where they work is convenient for children to go to school?? Nowadays, the employment of workers is no longer just a job.

In the past, due to the low education level, most of the workers were supporting their families and did not care much about the employment environment and conditions. Now the new generation of migrant workers are becoming the main force of job seekers. Their needs are more abundant. To work, they need rest, social security, entertainment and development platform?? The traditional piecework compensation mode and overtime shift work have been difficult to attract them.

Experts believe that the current "labor shortage" is conducive to guiding enterprises to pay more attention to the income level and welfare status of migrant workers, so that migrant workers can get better protection. The government and enterprises should take precautions, strengthen the rights protection platform, increase the publicity of labor and social security law and other laws and regulations, and enhance the awareness of enterprise operators to employ workers according to law and workers to protect their rights according to law. The most important thing is to provide "citizen treatment" such as medical insurance, serious illness relief, low rent housing, children's schooling and other social security system for migrant workers in Quanzhou, and guide enterprises to establish a new concept of "relying on career to retain employees, relying on feelings to contact employees, and relying on treatment to increase employees"; We will accelerate the pace of industrial upgrading and attract more skilled workers with culture and expertise.

The most important thing is that the government should strengthen labor supervision and law enforcement, crack down on and punish enterprises' default and deduction of employees' wages. A small number of enterprises that seriously violate labor laws and regulations and have a bad social impact should be severely punished and exposed according to law, so as to create a good atmosphere for employment according to law in the whole society.

The shortage of labor has brought pressure to enterprises, but it also helps the enterprises in Southern Fujian to adjust the employment environment. At the same time, the key is to create a good employment environment by enterprises themselves. Otherwise, small enterprises can only become a platform to transport talents for large enterprises, and the repeated labor shortage will still exist. 　

The survey shows that Quanzhou Municipal government has made great efforts to retain migrant workers from several years ago, and has achieved good results. Small and medium-sized enterprises are also actively imitating the successful experience of brand enterprises, actively improving the employment environment and continuously improving the working remuneration. In 2009, the wage level of ordinary workers is about 1800 yuan, and this year it is expected to reach more than 2000 yuan.

According to the analysis of relevant experts, although there is a "labor shortage" in some areas, on the whole, the supply of labor force is still greater than demand, but the special "labor shortage" has sent a strong warning signal to the government and enterprises. The relevant departments and governments at all levels in Fujian Province are taking various positive measures to adjust the gap between labor supply and demand. During the interview, the recruitment group led by Fu Furong, chairman of Quanzhou Federation of trade unions, has gone to Zhengzhou and Nanyang of Henan Province, Luzhou and Meishan of Sichuan Province for a week. For some time to come, hundreds of Fujian enterprises will enter the central and western regions to recruit workers.