Cotton Quality Problem That Has Troubled Us For A Long Time

With the continuous strengthening of cotton quality supervision and cotton notarization in recent years, cotton quality problems such as adulteration, adulteration, and use of "two small and one soil" equipment have been eliminated. Cotton quality has been greatly improved. However, there are still some problems that have long been reflected in cotton quality, which have not been effectively solved, and are still the main problems restricting the further improvement of cotton quality in China.

1. Opposite sex

Almost all the people engaged in cotton work have a common understanding that the foreign fibers in the cotton produced in China are still a prominent problem for all parties concerned.

So, what causes the problem of heterosexual fibers in cotton production in China for a long time? I think there are three main reasons:

1. China's current

After the implementation of the new cotton standard in 1999, according to the requirements of the standard, the national fiber inspection organization has done a lot of work in the process of publicizing cotton standards, hoping to put an end to the situation of mixing foreign fibers into cotton, including the harm to cotton farmers and cotton processing enterprises to publicize the harmful fibers, the methods and requirements of picking foreign fibers, and urge cotton processing enterprises to distribute cotton bags to cotton farmers to collect and store cotton, and urge cotton processing enterprises to establish corresponding rules and regulations to ensure the effective selection of foreign fibers that have been mixed into cotton in the process of acquisition and processing.

At that time, basically, the supply and marketing cooperatives were the main enterprises in the management of cotton, it should be said that these measures were basically in place, and indeed played a certain role, but the limitations of cotton farmers at that time became the biggest problem restricting the development of the work. Cotton processing enterprises made cotton bags that were distributed to cotton farmers. Most cotton growers were not willing to use them, or they used cheap plastic woven bags to install cotton, and cotton bags were used for bedding or grain loading.

With the further liberalization of the cotton market, the main body of cotton processing and purchasing has been gradually mixed. The cotton market order has been chaotic for several years after 2001. Especially with the emergence of a large number of seed cotton traders, on the one hand, it has intensified the competition of cotton resources. On the other hand, cotton mill's information on the quality requirements of exotic cotton fibers in seed cotton acquisition links is also difficult to pass directly to cotton farmers, leading to the fact that cotton farmers have lost their initiative in picking foreign fibers in the absence of proper guidance and seed cotton sales.

2. the selection of foreign fibers that have been mixed into cotton is not thorough enough in picking and processing cotton. The main reasons are: first, it is very difficult to mix foreign fibers in cotton to achieve full selection and cleaning; two, it is still not completely forming the environment of heterosexual fiber governance, which leads to a low enthusiasm for picking cotton processing enterprises.

At present, China's cotton processing is still an extensive mode of production. Due to the short production season, low product profit and the small scale of enterprises, the large-scale enterprise production is gradually fading out, and gradually evolved into small and medium-sized private and private enterprises as the main production entities, and the management level of enterprises is generally not high.

In recent years, although some enterprises have tried to develop specialized foreign fiber picking equipment, the effect is not ideal, and still can not compare with the effect of manual selection of foreign fibers.

The problem of manual selection of foreign fibers is that the number of people picking is less, and the quality of picking and picking can not meet the requirements of processing schedule.

And only when the light is good in the daytime can it be picked. For the processing enterprises in the evening, it is impossible to organize and carry out picking.

The effect of organizing large scale stacking and picking is ideal, but the actual organization and implementation are more difficult. First, because cotton processing season is the busy season for autumn harvest and autumn planting in the countryside, it is difficult for people to find it; two, there are too many people at the production site, and the requirements for site conditions are high, and the operation is chaotic, which is not conducive to safety management.

In 2000 and 2001, a number of cotton processing enterprises in our city used this way. Generally, an enterprise should convene 30 to 50 people to pick up and pick up at the scene, and the speed of picking can basically meet the processing speed of two 90 pieces of saw toothed cotton gin. According to the cost accounting at that time, the salary of picking up a kilogram of seed cotton generally has to pay 0.02 to 0.03 yuan, which is equivalent to the cost of 150 yuan per ton of lint. The effect of picking is also ideal, and the elimination rate of foreign fiber can reach more than 98%.

However, because most cotton spinning enterprises do not recognize the result of this practice, apart from a few cotton spinning enterprises specially sending people to supervise the selection of foreign fibers at the scene, cotton processing enterprises pay more and more production costs when they sell cotton, and basically do not get the recognition and acceptance of cotton spinning enterprises, and fail to achieve the purpose of superior cotton price.

In addition, there are many practical problems in organizing large-scale manual picking. Site management is more difficult. Individual enterprises even appear because of the staff's failure to comply with the operational requirements, resulting in the fire of the seed cotton stacks. With the change of the cotton market, this practice has not persisted.

Now cotton processing enterprises generally practice that when they are stacking on the seed cotton, arrange a few people to pick up the seeds and cotton seeds on the side while picking up the foreign fibers. When arranging the seed cotton, arrange the personnel who are responsible for feeding flowers while picking the foreign fibers.

Although this practice is also implementing the requirements of picking foreign fibers, but due to the participation of fewer hands, and the speed of feeding and feeding is relatively fast, in these two links, it is virtually impossible to implement the requirements of careful selection of foreign fibers, and the effect can be imagined.

3. cotton textile enterprises have different requirements for foreign fibers, resulting in cotton sales with heterosexual fibers basically unaffected, and there is no purpose of regulating market economy.

At present, the vast majority of textile enterprises that spin high grade yarn and produce export products have higher requirements for foreign fibers. Because the cotton produced by cotton processing enterprises is clean or not, in order to ensure the quality of products, it is necessary to organize a unified selection after the raw cotton is put into production, and then put into production and use. Because picking is very difficult and requires a lot of manpower, some textile enterprises also need to deduct the "foreign fiber picking cost" for cotton with more exotic fibers.

Those who require higher enterprises simply do not use domestic cotton, but purchase and use imported raw cotton which does not contain foreign fibers directly.

Judging from the current situation, some cotton processing enterprises that have carefully selected foreign fibers have high production costs, but the selling price of cotton is not necessarily high. The cotton market that does not pick foreign fibers is not bad, and there is no problem in sales. Thus, many cotton processing enterprises are not enthusiastic about picking foreign fibers.

In view of the above reasons, under the existing cotton production mode and market environment, it is still very difficult to do well in the management of heterosexual fibers in domestic cotton.

The author believes that if we want to fundamentally solve this problem, we need to take measures from the following aspects: first, gradually changing the existing mode of production in our country, changing from the current household production to intensive farming production, and taking the way of industrialization; two, speeding up the mechanization process of cotton production and developing mechanical picking cotton; three, we should continue to intensify efforts to promote the cotton quality inspection system reform, straighten out the cotton market circulation order, strengthen the cotton quality supervision and management, and urge the enterprises to strengthen the governance of heterosexual fibers; four, we should continue to increase publicity efforts to further enhance the awareness of the majority of cotton workers on the harm of foreign fibers.

Only in this way can the status of foreign fibers commonly found in domestic cotton in China be completely changed.

After the opening of the cotton market, there are some changes in the grade structure of cotton in China. The main results are as follows: the proportion of cotton in grade 3 and grade 4 has increased considerably, and the proportion of high grade and low grade cotton has decreased to varying degrees.

Moreover, this phenomenon has a trend of further development. Therefore, many cotton workers believe that the quality of cotton in China is declining.

For this phenomenon, the author thinks that the cotton price system and market demand have changed, resulting in serious mixing of seed cotton in production, circulation and cotton processing.

Before the implementation of the cotton circulation system reform, the supply and marketing cooperative system, as a separate operation Department of cotton, has done a lot of concrete work in fulfilling the functions of guiding the cotton farmers organization. Among them, the use of the favorable conditions of cotton purchase and allocation price approved by the state has led cotton farmers to organize production in accordance with the principle of "four points" for picking, drying, storing and selling separately.

At that time, cotton farmers directly sold cotton to the cotton processing plants and cotton purchasing stations, and the propaganda and guidance information of these units belonging to the supply and marketing cooperatives could be directly pmitted to the cotton farmers, which played a more active role in guiding the production of cotton growers. The cotton classification work was relatively meticulous, the proportion of high-grade cotton had been relatively high, and the proportion of domestic cotton grades was relatively balanced.

With the continuous advance of cotton circulation system reform in China, many changes have taken place in cotton production. First, because of breaking the cotton monopoly system of supply and marketing cooperatives, there is no department in cotton producing cotton production to carry out the policy propaganda and technical guidance, so there is a certain blindness in cotton production.

Two, after the cotton market and the price liberalization, the current cotton price system formed by the market has been established. The price difference of high-grade cotton is relatively small, while the high and low grade cotton price is too large, so that the profit gained by the high-grade cotton produced by cotton production according to the "four points" principle can not offset the price loss caused by the low grade cotton produced at the same time, and cotton growers lack the initiative to organize production according to the principle of "four points".

Three, with the cancellation of the opening of the cotton market and the abolition of the accreditation system for the acquisition of the cotton market, a new link has emerged between the cotton farmers and the cotton processing enterprises - the specialized households for the acquisition of seed cotton.

The existing employees in this link basically do not have the ability to subdivide cotton grades.

Four, the nature of cotton processing enterprises has undergone great changes. Especially with the accession of a large number of private enterprises and the emergence of unqualified enterprises, many enterprises do not have the ability to subdivide cotton grades according to the requirements when purchasing cotton. The current price system also makes enterprises do not have the initiative to process cotton grades.

Five, cotton textile enterprises' demand for cotton quality has also changed, and the micron index of cotton fiber fineness and maturity has gradually become the main reference index for many enterprises to choose cotton.

Moreover, the price difference between the A, B and C grades of the micron value is relatively large, so the cotton processing enterprises attach more importance to the index of the micron value than the grade.

Due to the above reasons, at present, few cotton farmers are organizing production according to the requirements of "four points". Most of them are mixed with seed cotton harvested in early, middle and late stages for storage and sale.

Because of the abolition of the market access system in the seed cotton acquisition stage, and the number of purchasing households is large, the mobility is strong and dispersed, making supervision difficult.

The quality of seed cotton purchasing workers is not good, but there is also a situation of deliberately selling low grade seed cotton to high-grade seed cotton for profit.

In cotton processing links, in addition to the acquisition of seed cotton itself has been mixed up, acquisition can not be divided into grades and so on.

In recent years, there has been a new situation. Some enterprises in order to make the processed cotton micronet value index moderate, in order to facilitate sales, began to adopt the early harvesting of the high micron cotton and the late harvested micron low value cotton mixed with the way of processing; and some in order to improve the color characteristics of cotton, take different regional production of seed cotton production mixed together processing way.

For example, in Shandong province in 2009, except for the cotton grown in the eastern part of Dongying and the eastern part of Binzhou, it was not affected by floods. The color of the cotton produced in other cities was generally caused by excessive rain, resulting in a general deviation of cotton color. Few cotton grades with grade 3 and above appeared. In some cotton processing plants, special cotton seed processing from Dongying was added to the cotton seed purchased locally, so as to achieve the purpose of improving cotton grades.

In view of the existing phenomena, I believe that in the acquisition and processing of cotton, we should continue to take legal measures to crack down.

In the cotton production link and cotton blending and mixing process, it is necessary to rely on market regulation to guide and solve the problem. As long as market demand changes, cotton production mode will change accordingly.

In other words, what kind of market demand and what kind of cotton will adapt to it will not change the current situation by means of administrative means.

In view of the high proportion of batches of domestic cotton that are not subject to inspection at the time of batch inspection, I believe that with the continuous advance of the cotton inspection system reform, the package inspection and the sale of cotton according to the inspection results will become the main form in the future, and this question will also be well solved.